geography

Question 1

what is urbanisation?

Answer 1

urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities

Question 2

what is rural to urban migration?

Answer 2

moving from the countryside to the city

Question 3

what is a push factor?

Answer 3

a factor that forces people to leave an area

Question 4

what is a pull factor?

Answer 4

a factor that attracts people to an area

Question 5

what is a megacity?

Answer 5

a city with a population over 10 million

Question 6

why is Rio important regionally?

Answer 6

-Rio is the second largest economy in Brazil
-Rio contributes 7% National GPD

Question 7

why is Rio important nationally?

Answer 7

Rio has a major port for importing and exporting goods

Question 8

why is Rio important internationally?

Answer 8

-international events-2016 Olympics/2014 World Cup
-tourism
Rio carnival

Question 9

why has Rio’s population grown?

Answer 9

-rural to urban migration

-natural increase- the people who are moving to Rio tend to be of childbearing age,they have children,population grows even more

Question 10

what are the opportunities in Rio?

Answer 10

Better healthcare- 3 public hospitals and free healthcare
Education- grants have helped families afford costs
Water supply- treatment plants so clean water/95% of residents have access to clean water
Energy 99% of residents have access to electricity

Question 11

what are the challenges in Rio?

Answer 11

Urban growth-lead to development of low-quality housing-favelas
Unemployment is high- a lot of people are on low incomes/people work in the informal sector
Lack of clean water- causes diseases to spread
Shortage of schools- because population has grown so quickly
air pollution-traffic
water pollution- ships spilling oil and sewage links into the sea

Question 12

Favela Barro Project poisitves

Answer 12

A cable car installed to improve access to city centre. Takes 16 minutes, use to take 2 hours. Residents gwt 1 free return ticket per day.
Construction of new mobile health clinics- visit the favelas rather than people travelling to see a doctor.Credit available for home improvements.
Self-help schemes- residents given material to improve their homes but have to complete work themselves.
Pacifying Police unit of 300 officers-improve skills lead to increase employment opportunities

Question 13

Favela Barro Project-Negatives

Answer 13

• Only 60/600 favelas improved(10%)
• Budget of $1 billion not enough
• Infrastructure is not maintained so falls into disrepair
• Some residents don’t have the literacy/education to access the training programs
• As properties are improved, rents increase meaning the poorest are in an even worse position than before