Geography

Question 2

Define igneous rock.

Answer 2

Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

Question 3

True or false: Sedimentary rocks are formed from compressed organic material.

Answer 3

TRUE

Examples include limestone and sandstone.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Metamorphic rock is formed under _______ and pressure.

Answer 4

heat

Question 5

What is the rock cycle?

Answer 5

A continuous process where rocks change from one type to another.

Question 6

Define weathering.

Answer 6

The breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces by natural processes.

Question 7

What is erosion?

Answer 7

The process by which soil and rock are removed from one location and transported to another.

Question 8

True or false: Granite is an example of a sedimentary rock.

Answer 8

FALSE

Granite is an igneous rock.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: Limestone is primarily composed of _______.

Answer 9

calcium carbonate

Question 10

What type of rock is basalt?

Answer 10

An igneous rock formed from lava that cools quickly.

Question 11

Define fault.

Answer 11

A fracture in Earth’s crust where blocks of rock have moved.

Question 12

What is folding in geology?

Answer 12

The bending of rock layers due to tectonic forces.

Question 13

True or false: Pumice is a type of metamorphic rock.

Answer 13

FALSE

Pumice is an igneous rock.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: Shale is a type of _______ rock.

Answer 14

sedimentary

Question 15

What is magma?

Answer 15

Molten rock located beneath Earth’s surface.

Question 16

Define lithification.

Answer 16

The process of turning sediment into rock through compaction and cementation.

Question 17

What is a plate boundary?

Answer 17

The edge where two tectonic plates meet.

Question 18

True or false: Metamorphic rocks can form from igneous rocks.

Answer 18

TRUE

Metamorphism alters existing rocks under heat and pressure.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: Tectonic plates float on the _______.

Answer 19

asthenosphere

Question 20

What is sedimentation?

Answer 20

The process of settling or being deposited as sediment.

Question 21

Define igneous intrusion.

Answer 21

Magma that cools and solidifies beneath the Earth’s surface.

Question 22

What is a tsunami?

Answer 22

A large ocean wave caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.

Question 23

True or false: Coal is a type of igneous rock.

Answer 23

FALSE

Coal is a sedimentary rock formed from organic material.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: Quartz is a common mineral found in _______ rocks.

Answer 24

igneous

Question 25

What is **subduction**?

Answer 25

The process where one tectonic plate moves under another.

Question 26

Define **continental drift**.

Answer 26

The theory that continents move over geological time.

Question 27

What is a **volcanic eruption**?

Answer 27

The release of magma, gas, and ash from a volcano.

Question 28

Define **erosion**.

Answer 28

The process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface.

Question 29

What is **weathering**?

Answer 29

The breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces through physical or chemical processes.

Question 30

True or false: **Mechanical weathering** involves chemical changes in minerals.

Answer 30

FALSE ## Footnote Mechanical weathering physically breaks rocks without changing their composition.

Question 31

Fill in the blank: **Sedimentation** is the process of _______ particles settling out of a fluid.

Answer 31

solid

Question 32

What is a **fault**?

Answer 32

A fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock.

Question 33

Define **igneous rock**.

Answer 33

Rock formed from the solidification of molten material called magma or lava.

Question 34

What is **metamorphic rock**?

Answer 34

Rock that has been changed by heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids.

Question 35

True or false: **Sedimentary rocks** are formed from the accumulation of mineral and organic particles.

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The **rock cycle** describes the _______ of rocks through various geological processes.

Answer 36

transformation

Question 37

What is **subduction**?

Answer 37

The process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the mantle.

Question 38

Define **plate tectonics**.

Answer 38

The theory explaining the movement of Earth's lithosphere divided into tectonic plates.

Question 39

What is a **tsunami**?

Answer 39

A series of ocean waves caused by large underwater disturbances, like earthquakes.

Question 40

True or false: **Pangaea** was a supercontinent that existed millions of years ago.

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

Fill in the blank: **Lava** is magma that has reached the _______.

Answer 41

surface

Question 42

What is **faulting**?

Answer 42

The process of fracturing in the Earth's crust due to stress.

Question 43

Define **glacial erosion**.

Answer 43

Erosion caused by the movement of glaciers, which carve out landscapes.

Question 44

What is **mass wasting**?

Answer 44

The downward movement of soil and rock due to gravity.

Question 45

True or false: **Hydraulic action** is a form of erosion caused by water pressure.

Answer 45

TRUE

Question 46

Fill in the blank: **Soil** is formed from the weathering of _______ over time.

Answer 46

rock

Question 47

What is **biological weathering**?

Answer 47

Weathering caused by living organisms, such as plant roots breaking rocks.

Question 48

Define **sedimentary process**.

Answer 48

The processes of compaction and cementation that form sedimentary rocks.

Question 49

What is **volcanism**?

Answer 49

The eruption of molten rock, gases, and ash from a volcano.

Question 50

True or false: **Tsunamis** can be caused by volcanic eruptions.

Answer 50

TRUE

Question 51

Fill in the blank: **Metamorphism** involves changes in rock due to _______ and pressure.

Answer 51

heat

Question 52

What is **lithification**?

Answer 52

The process of turning sediment into solid rock through compaction and cementation.

Question 53

Define **igneous intrusion**.

Answer 53

Magma that cools and solidifies within the Earth's crust.

Question 54

What is **continental drift**?

Answer 54

The gradual movement of continents across the Earth's surface.