ELEMENTS IN CRUST
- Oxygen
- silicon
elements in geosphere
- iron
- oxygen
mineral property
LUSTRE
appearance of reflected light
* metallic vs non-metalic
minerla property
streak
- color of powdered mineral on porcelain plate
mineral property
cleavage
natural parting along planes of internal low bond strength
* The behaviour of a mineral that splits along flat surfaces controlled by its crystalline structure
what mineral reacts with acid
calcite
silicate tetrahesion
- silicon forms covalent bonds with 4 oxygen atoms
olivine
- an isolated silicate tetrahedra
-ferro magnesian mineral - most abundant mineral in earths UPPER MANTEL
a chain silicate
- pyroxene
- ferro magnesium mineral
- common in upper mantel and igneous rocks
mica group
sheet silicate
common in igneous and metamorphic rocks
FRAMEWORK SILICATES
- feldspar group
- most abundant mineral group in earths crust
felspar group
quartz
- most abundant single mineral in earths crust
non silicate minerals
- calcite
- halite
- gypsum/sulphates
- pyrite and galena/suphides
- hematite and magnetite/oxides
4
what mineral make up is a perfect cube
halite
what kind of mineral is
gypsum
sulphate
crystal lattice contains water
forms from evaporation of sea water
sulphides
pyrite and galena
boxy looking
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ROCKS AND MINERALS
minerals are inorganic and rocks are natural and contain several minerals
granite minerals
feldspar, quartz, mica
INTRUSIVE ROCK CHARACTERISTICS
COOLS SLOWLY, FORMS LARGE MINERALS
EXTRUSIVE ROCK CHARACTERISTICS
COOLS FAST, FINE GRAINED
EXTRUSIVE ROCK
TEPHRA
FROM EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS
SOLIDIFIED TO MAKE PYROCLASTIC ROCK OR TUFF
FRACTURE
Minerals that don’t show cleavage break along irregular surfaces
cleavage
euhedral
show perfect or nearly perfect crystal faces
cleavage
anhedral
completely irregular in shape
