What significant event occurred in Germany in 1918?
- German Revolution
- Kaiser abdicates
- Germany becomes a republic
This marked the end of the monarchy and the beginning of the Weimar Republic.
What document was created in 1919 that imposed harsh terms on Germany?
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty included territorial losses, military limitations, and reparations.
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
- Germany loses territory
- Army limited to 100,000
- No air force
- Rhineland demilitarized
- Pay £6.6 billion reparations
- War guilt clause (Article 231)
These terms were seen as a dictated peace and led to resentment in Germany.
What was a major political problem faced by the Weimar Republic in 1919?
- Spartacist Uprising
- Kapp Putsch
Both were attempts to overthrow the government, leading to instability.
What economic crisis did Germany face in 1923?
Hyperinflation
This was caused by the inability to pay reparations and resulted in currency collapse.
Who was the key leader during the recovery of the Weimar Republic from 1924 to 1929?
Gustav Stresemann
He implemented policies like currency reform and the Dawes Plan.
What was the Dawes Plan of 1924?
US loans to Germany
This plan aimed to stabilize the German economy and facilitate reparations payments.
What was the Beer Hall Putsch?
Hitler’s failed coup in 1923
This event led to Hitler’s arrest and the writing of Mein Kampf.
What major event in 1929 significantly impacted Germany’s economy?
Wall Street Crash
This led to the withdrawal of US loans and massive unemployment.
What did the Nazi Party promise to the German people?
- Jobs
- Strong leadership
- Destroy communism
- Reject Versailles
These promises contributed to their rise in popularity.
What was the Reichstag Fire of 1933?
An event that led to the suspension of civil liberties
It resulted in the blame on Communists and helped consolidate Hitler’s power.
What was the Enabling Act of 1933?
Gave Hitler power to make laws without parliament
This act effectively established a dictatorship in Germany.
What was the purpose of the Night of the Long Knives in 1934?
Remove rivals and gain army support
This event solidified Hitler’s control over the Nazi Party and the military.
What was the role of the Gestapo in Nazi Germany?
Secret police
They were responsible for enforcing Nazi policies and suppressing opposition.
What were the Nuremberg Laws of 1935?
- Jews lose citizenship
- Marriage with Germans banned
These laws institutionalized racial discrimination against Jews.
What event is known as Kristallnacht?
A violent pogrom against Jews in 1938
It involved the destruction of synagogues and Jewish businesses.
What was the Holocaust?
Systematic murder of Jews
Millions were killed in concentration camps like Auschwitz.
What happened to Germany in 1945?
- Allies invade Germany
- Berlin captured
- Hitler commits suicide
These events led to Germany’s surrender in World War II.
