BHP Exam 3 > GI 1 > Flashcards

GI 1 Flashcards

(45 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Intrinsic factor is critical for the absorption of what?

A

vitamin B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lack of intrinsic factor leads to what disease?

A

pernicious anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Intrinsic factor is produced by what cells of the stomach?

A

parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the gastric mucosa protect from?

A

from auto-digestion from stomach acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Five properties of the gastric mucosa that protects against stomach acid?

A 
Secretion (3)
1. mucous
2. bicarbonate
3. prostaglandins
Physical (2)
4. epithelial barrier
5. mucosal blood flow to remove acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is produced that leads to immune gastritis?

A

Antibodies against parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Autoimmune gastritis particularly affects what area of stomach?

A

body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Autoimmune gastritis most common in what age group, atrophy occurs over what timeframe?

A

Elderly, 2-3 decades of atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Autoimmune gastritis leads to what other diseases? (2)

A

Pernicious anemia

Megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Intestinal metaplasia can result from what condition of the stomach?

A

Chronic gastritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Intestinal metaplasma is characterized by what epithelial changes? Where are these cells usually found?

A

Gastric epithelium replaced by goblet cells and mucous cells.

Goblet cells - small intestine
Mucous cells - pyloric antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the cause of peptic ulcers?

A

imbalance between gastroduodenal mucosal defense mechanisms and damaging gastric acid & pepsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Three places peptic ulcers are found

A
  1. esophagus
  2. stomach
  3. proximal duodenum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the size and shape of a peptic ulcer?

A

1 to 7 cm
sharply defined
nonelevated margins
smooth base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the histological makeup of the peptic ulcer?

A

FIbrous scar with granulation tissue, inflammation, and necrotic slough that extends into the muscularis propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are most gastric malignancies?

A

adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gastric adenocarcinoma associated with infection with what?

A

H. pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gastric adenocarcinoma associated with what surgery?

A

Higher risk with partial gastrectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gastric adenocarcinoma have what risk associated with peptic ulcers?

Study These Flashcards
A

NO direct risk

20
Q

Gastric carcinoma predilection for what age/gender?

Study These Flashcards
A

2 to 1 male

mean age 55

21
Q

Gastric carcinoma more common in what geographical locations (4) ? Why? (2)

Study These Flashcards
A

Japan, South America, Chile, Eastern Europe

Environment and dietary factors

22
Q

Are gastric carcinomas increasing or decreasing in the US?

23
Q

What is the most common site of gastric carcinoma?

Rare in what area?

Study These Flashcards
A

Distal stomach along lesser curvature of the antrum or prepyloric region
Rare in fundus.

24
Q

What area in the stomach has increasing incidence of gastric carcinoma, due to what?

Study These Flashcards
A

Cardia, secondary to GERD

25
What is the diffuse infiltrative type of gastric carcinoma?
Sheets of discohesive cells with vacuoles of mucin displacing nuclei to one side (signet-ring cell) Creates “linitis plastica” or leather bottle stomach (shrinkage)
26
What is the Virchow node? Role in gastric carcinoma spread?
The supraclavicular node, lymphatic spread of gastric carcinoma
27
What is a form of hematogenous spread of gastric carcinoma bilaterally to ovaries?
Krukerberg tumor
28
Prognosis of gastric carcinoma?
poor, 28% five-year survival rate
29
Two main growth patterns of gastric carcinoma?
intestinal and diffuse infiltrative
30
Most common bacterial enteric pathogen & one that causes infective enterocolitis?
Campylobacter jejuni
31
Pseudomembranous colitis caused by what pathogen
Clostridium difficile
32
Tissue effects of pseudomembranous colitis?
Enterotoxin causes superficial, gray mucosal exudate, fibrinous necrosis and loosely adherent mucosal debris (pseudomembrane)
33
Pseudomembranous colitis symptoms?
Fever, toxicity, abdominal pain and diarrhea
34
Pseudomembranous colitis main predisposing factors?
broad-spectrum antibiotics therapy GI surgery GI ischemia GI burn
35
Malabsorption syndrome diagnosis criteria (4)
One or more is missing: 1. Intraluminal digestion 2. Terminal digestion 3. Transepithelial transport 4. Lymphatic transport
36
Most common cause of malabsorption syndrome in western hemisphere?
celiac disease
37
Celiac disease is what?
Atrophy of small intestine villi
38
Celiac disease etiology - genetic?
Familial linkage with HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ8
39
Celial disease etiology - immune?
Immune response to gliadin, a glycoprotein component of gluten; serum antibodies also observed
40
Celial disease - 3 diagnosing signs
Biopsy of small intestine mucosa Loss of villous architecture and crypts Flattened, mosaic pattern
41
Crohn's disease is most common in what site? Can occur where?
terminal ileum, may involve any part of GI tract
42
What lesion pattern is seen in Crohn's diseaes?
discontinuous pattern/skip lesions
43
What are the signs of established Crohn's disease? (4)
Cobblestone pattern and fissured ulcers Stricture formation Regional nodes enlarged “Skip” lesions with areas of normal bowel
44
Histopathology of Crohn's disease?
Transmural inflammation with submucosal edema Ulcers that extend deep into the bowel and form fissures Fibrous scarring Noncaseating granulomas
45
Complications of Crohn's disease (8)
``` (SPADE BB) Stricture formation Perforation of bowel Adhesions to other loops of bowel, bladder, abdominal wall Deep ulcers --> fistulae and sinuses Eye, skin, joint, liver complications Bowel cancer Bleeding from ulcers ```
BHP Exam 3
flashcards
Decks in class (7)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions