Process of Forming a GI
- Formulating a hypothesis
- Collecting data
- Analysing data
- Presenting data
- Forming a conclusion
What is a hypothesis?
Is an educated guess/ prediction on how things work [not a fact]
Types of data
- Primary data
- Secondary data
Primary Data
- Original data collected first-hand (i.e. by you, the investigator).
- Raw data collected through fieldwork – not processed yet
Secondary Data
- Data that has already been collected and compiled by somebody else, for another purpose.
- Collected from published sources
Collecting data - safety precautions (personal safety)
- move around in groups
-keep an adult always informed about your location
-always have your phone
Collecting data- safety precautions (weather)
- check weather forecast (don’t go out if there is a chance for rain)
- bring a cap and sunblock when hot
collecting data - safety precautions (traffic)
Don’t jaywalk
Collecting data - safety precautions (site-specific)
- beach (tide levels)
- don’t accept food/ drinks from strangers
Sampling methods
- Random Sampling
- Systematic sampling
Random sampling
- No fixed intervals / irregular intervals used in measurements or selection of interviewees/ respondents.
*Random numbers can be generated by random number generator/table
Advantages and disadvantages of Random sampling
Advantages- Can reduce bias as each item has an equal chance of being selected
Disadvantages- * Population may not be evenly sampled, hence poor representation.
* It is tedious to carry out.
Systematic sampling
- Samples are chosen based on regular/ fixed interval
- Intervals are pre-selected
Advantages and disadvantages of systematic sampling
Advantages- * It is more straightforward than random sampling and easier to carry out.
* Population will be evenly sampled
Disadvantages- * Not all members of the population have an equal chance of being picked.
. May miss out variations or changes in population
