GI 2 Flashcards

Question 1

Q

Gastroenteritis

What is it?
2 main causes
Transmitted how?

Answer

A

Inflammation of the stomach, small intestine and colon.
Infectious (Usually viral), but could also be toxic due to alcohol poisoning.
Transmitted by food, water, and person contact.

Question 2

Q

gastroenteritis- 2 viral causes

Answer

A

Norovirus is the #1 cause.
- Epidemic diarrhea for 3 days.
- Causes 90% of adult cases
Rotavirus. 2nd most common viral cause in children. More severe than norovirus in children. Mild in adults.
Vaccine in available.

Question 3

Q

Gastroenteritis- 2 bacterial causes

Answer

A

Jejuni and salmonella.

Uncooked poultry, raw milk.
Guillain Barre, IBS and reactive arthritis.

E coli
-Due to contaminated food.

Question 4

Q

Intestinal obstruction is common where in intestine

Answer

A

Signmoid colon.

Question 5

Q

Ileus

What is it?
More common in kids or adults?
Causes
avoid what

Answer

A

Peristaltic paralysis.
More common in infants/children.
# 1 cause is abdomen surgery.
Avoid opioids and anti ach drugs. Tx with IV fluids.

Question 6

Q

Gluten sensitive/celiac

What type of hypersensitivity
Signs and symptoms
increased risk for what

Answer

A

Type 4
Atrophy of mucosal villi = decrease nutrient uptake.
Chronic fatigue, weight loss, anemia.
Increased risk of intestinal lymphoma.

Question 7

Q

IBS

-What kind of disorder

Answer

A

Functional disorder, no pathologic findings. Autoimmune.
Recurrent
Tx with increased fiber, exercise, stress reduction.

Question 8

Q

Two forms of IBS

What do they both have in common?
Ocular findings.
Tx

Answer

A

Chrons and ulcerative.

Both have episodic bloody diarrhea.
Autoimmune causes
Family history
10% have ocular findings: Conjunctivitis, episcleritis, uveitis.
Tx with immunosuppressive or surgery.

Question 9

Q

Chrons

What kind of inflammation
Type of lesions?
Location in GI tract

Answer

A

Granuloma inflammaton
Deep, across wall, skip lesions.
Anywhere in GI tract

Question 10

Q

Ulcerative colitis

What kind of inflammation
Type of lesions?
Location in GI

Answer

A

Non granuloma inflammation
Superficial mucosal lesions that are continuous. 1 big wound.
Only in colon.

Question 11

Q

Diverticulosis

Answer

A

More common in western countries with low fiber diet, decreased activity/obesity.

Blind pouch that develop in weak spots of wall.
Most asymptomatic, usually in sigmoid colon

Question 12

Q

Acute appendicitis.

Who does it affect?
Causes

Answer

A

10% of pop. Teens and males.
Right lower quadrant pain
Obstruction= pressure increases= blood flow hindered= edema, ischemia, necrosis and bacterial overgrowth. May rupture and cause peritonitis.

Question 13

Q

What can cause peritonitis (2 groups)

Answer

A

1. Infectious 
Ruptured appendix
Bowerl perforation
Ascites- excess fluid in abdomen
Salpingitis- inf of fallopian tubes.

Sterile
Chemical irritation
Acute pancreatitis

Question 14

Q

Colorectal cancer is the 2nd leading cause of

Answer

A

Cancer deaths.

Question 15

Q

Risk factors for colorectal cancer

Answer

A

Age
genetics
men= women
DIET high protein and fat, low fiber.

Question 16

Q

2 forms of polyps

Answer

Study These Flashcards

A

Sessile polyps. Broad, short base. Major type.

2. Pedunculated polyp. long narrow stalk.

Question 17

Q

Adenocarcinoma arises from

Answer

Study These Flashcards

A

Colonic adenoma

Question 18

Q

If there is intestinal bleeding, assume __ until proven otherwise

Answer

Study These Flashcards

A

Cancer.

Question 19

Q

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Answer

Study These Flashcards

A

Serum tumor marker for colorectal carcinoma. Tumor specific antigen

Monitors cancer treatment, not a useful screening test. Because it is rarely elevated when the cancer is at a curable stage. Can also be produced by other cancers.