PANCE/EOC > GI #5 > Flashcards

GI #5 Flashcards

(54 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Treatment for Ascites

A
  • Sodium restriction

- Spironolactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a Bezoar?

A
  • Solid mass of indigestible material that accumulates in the digestive tract sometimes causing blockage.
  • Typically forms in the stomach or sometimes the small intestines.
  • Can occur in children and adults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What diagnostic is used to confirm a bezoar?

A

Endoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What chemical agents help dissolve a bezoar?

A

Cola or cellulase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Budd-Chiari Syndrome?

A

Hepatic Venous Outflow obstruction leading to decreased liver drainage with subsequent portal HTN and cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Budd-Chiari Syndrome is the MCC of

A

portal HTN in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Symptoms of Budd-Chiari Syndrome

A

-Ascites, Hepatomegaly, RUQ abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Initial screening of choice for Budd-Chiari Syndrome

A

-US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

However, gold standard for Budd-Chiari syndrome is

A

Venography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

May present with hematemesis, tachycardia, difficulty breathing.

Can be a complication of procedures such as EGD

A

-Esophagus Perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clinical intervention for Ileus

A
  • Needs NPO and have NG tube placed
  • Electrolyte and fluid replacement
  • Treat underlying cause
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

For Malnutrition, what is the clinical intervention?

A
  • If due to anorexia nervosa
  • -1) hospitalization required for < 75% expected weight
  • -2) CBT
  • -3) Supervised meals, weight monitoring
  • -4) SSRI’s, atypical antipsychotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How to manage an overdose of ethylene glycol (antifreeze)

A

-Block alcohol dehydrogenase with ethanol or fomepizole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to manage organophosphates (insecticides) poisoning?

A

Atropine and Oxime therapy (Pralidoxime)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is short bowel syndrome?

A

Body unable to absorb enough nutrients from foods you eat because you don’t have enough small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Short Bowel Syndrome occurs after

A

Surgery to correct things such as cancer, Crohn’s disease, intussception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clinical intervention for short bowel syndrome

A
  • Often initially fed by TPN (total parenteral nutrition)
  • Fluid and electrolyte replacement
  • Provide small frequent meals and slowly advance the diet as tolerated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain the conversion of alcohol in the body

A

-Alcohol broken down into acetylaldehyde and then into acetic acid radicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

For Vitamin K deficiency, what would you expect the labs to be

A

Prolonged PT (INR > 3.5)

  • Normal fibrinogen
  • Normal platelets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Symptoms of Hepatitis A

A
  • Spiking fever
  • Jaundice
  • Hepatomegaly
  • May be asymptomatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How to diagnose Hepatitis A

A
  • LFT: elevated ALT, AST, bilirubin

- Acute: IgM anti-HAV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How to prevent Hepatitis A

Study These Flashcards
A

-Handwashing and improved sanitation has greatest impact to reduce transmission

23
Q

Postexposure Prophylaxis for Hepatitis A

Study These Flashcards
A
  • If healthy: HAV vaccine

- If immunocompromised: HAV vaccine + HAV immunoglobulin

24
Q

Hepatitis E has the highest mortality due to

Study These Flashcards
A

fulminant hepatitis during pregnancy (third trimester)

25
Hepatitis D requires ______ to cause co or superimposed infection
Hepatitis B
26
How is Hepatitis C transmitted?
Parenteral: IVDU MC
27
Diagnostics for Hep C - Screening: _____ - Confirmatory: _____
Screening: HCV antibodies Confirmatory: HCV RNA
28
Treatment for Hepatitis C
-Ledipasvir-Sofosbuvir (or two other antiviral options)
29
MC type of gastric carcinoma
-Adenocarcinoma
30
Symptoms and Exam findings of gastric carcinoma
- Weight loss - Persistent abdominal pain - Early satiety - Palpable abdominal mass sign of MET - -Supraclavicular nodes (Virchow's Node) - -Umbilical (Sister Mary Joseph's Nodule)
31
Dumping Syndrome is often a complication of _____
Bariatric surgery | -Symptoms due to rapid gastric emptying and rapid fluid shifts when large amounts of carbs are ingested
32
Diagnostics for dumping syndrome
- Barium fluoroscopy and radionuclide scintigraphy are used to confirm rapid gastric emptying - But most times, it is a clinical diagnosis
33
Treatment for dumping syndrome
- Decreased carbohydrate intake - Eat more frequently with smaller meals (protein rich) - Separate solids and liquids by 30 minutes
34
Treatment for TCA overdose
Sodium bicarbonate
35
Treatment for BB overdose
-Glucagon
36
Treatment for Warfarin overdose
Vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma
37
Reversal agent for Heparin
-Protamine sulfate
38
Reversal agent for Ethylene Glycol
IV ethanol infusion (Fomepizole)
39
Treatment for G6PD deficiency
-Usually self-limited (avoid offending food and drugs)
40
What are some offending drugs that exacerbate G6PD deficiency?
- Dapsone - Primaquine - Methylene Blue - Nitrofurantoin - Phenazopyridine -Infection or Fava Beans
41
Pathophysiology of Acute Pancreatitis
-Acinar cell injury --> intracellular activation of pancreatic enzymes --> auto digestion of pancreas
42
MCC of acute pancreatitis
- Gallstones and alcohol abuse | - Medications (Thiazides, Protease inhibitors, Valproic acid)
43
Symptoms of acute pancreatitis
- Epigastric pain: constant, boring and radiates to the back - Exacerbated if supine and relieved with leaning forward - N/V, fever - Cullen's Sign (umbilical ecchymosis) - Grey Turner Sign (flank ecchymosis)
44
What are the best initial labs for pancreatitis
- Increased amylase and lipase | - Hypocalcemia
45
What is the best diagnostic imaging for pancreatitis?
- Abdominal CT (imaging of choice) | - Abdominal radiograph: sentinel loop, localized ileus
46
Treatment for pancreatitis
- Rest the pancreas: 90% recover in 3-7 days without complications - Supportive: NPO, IVF - ABX not routinely used
47
What is the triad of symptoms seen in CHRONIC pancreatitis?
- DM - Steatorrhea - Calcifications
48
70% of pancreatic carcinomas are found
in the head of the pancreas
49
What type of pancreatic carcinoma is the MC
Adenocarcinoma (ductal)
50
Risk factors for pancreatic carcinoma
- Smoking - > 55 years old - DM - Males - Obesity - AA
51
Symptoms of pancreatic carcinoma
- Painless jaundice - Weight loss - Abdominal pain radiating to the back - Pruritus - Courvoisier's Sign: palpable, nontender, distended gallbladder
52
Initial diagnostic of choice for pancreatic carcinoma
-CT scan
53
What tumor marker is associated with pancreatic carcinoma?
CA 19-9
54
Surgical treatment for Pancreatic Carcinoma
-Whipple Procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy)
PANCE/EOC
flashcards
Decks in class (63)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions