Pediatrics Exam 2 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

(67 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Babies that are fed what do not spit up as much?

A

Breast fed babies do not spit up as much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does infantile GERD end and adult begin?

A

18 months - infancy should result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is normal regurgitation for a baby <3 months, 4 months, and 12 months?

A

<3: 1 time day in 1/2
2/3 by 4 months
5% by 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A child over 8 YO will start complaining of ___ with GERD

A

Heartburn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most common factor in GERD:

A

Transient release LES sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Infants take in ___ the amount of older children in terms of stomach size

A

x2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Labs are ___ indicated for GERD but could be used if the patient is vomiting a lot

A

RARELY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can you manage GERD (3):

A
  • Decrease amount of feeding and increase frequency
  • Add 1 tbs of oat cereal to the bottle
  • Avoid tobacco
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GERD should resolve in:

A

1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the easiest formula on the stomach?

A

Hydrolyzed milk - consider a 2-4 week trial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are two drugs you can use for GERD?

A
  • PPI (approved down to 1 month)

- H2 blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Refer to GI if an infant has (3) associated with its GERD:

A
  • Poor weight gain
  • Hematemesis
  • Respiratory disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

You loose more fluid from __ than ___

A

Diarrhea > Vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are three other causes of vomiting in infants?

A
  • Shaken baby
  • Cow’s milk allergy
  • Metabolic disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What medication can cause vomiting?

A

Erythromyocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is cyclic vomiting?

A

Related to migrants - attacks of 1 hour - 10 days of vomiting - Average dx. 9.6 YO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When is diarrhea acute, persistent or chronic?

A

Acute: Under 14 d
Persistent: Over 14 d
Chronic: Over 14 d with another cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Osmotic diarrhea?

A

Small volume, stops when you stop eating food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Osmotic diarrhea caused from?

A

Decreased absorption due to infection, lack of enzymes, or excessive intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is secretory diarrhea?

A

Watery; continues despite stopping to eat, bacteria, viral or parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most common complication of viral gastroenteritis?

A

Dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Progression of viral gastroenteritis (most common in winter):

A

URI –> Fever –> 3-8 d of vomiting and diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When is enterovirus must common?

A

Summer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

You should not use a pool with diarrhea for how long?

A

Up to two weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Infectious agents that cause bloody diarrhea (3):
- Campy - Shigella - E. coli with shiga
26
You will experience tenesmus with what infectious diarrheal agent?
Shigella
27
You can treat Shigella with:
Azithromycin or 3rd generation cephalosporin
28
Antimicrobial therapy is not needed for:
Salmonella
29
What diarrheal disease can progress to HUS?
Shiga toxin-producing E.coli
30
What are the three symptoms of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome?
- Hemolytic anemia - Thrombocytopenia - AKI
31
When does HUS present after the onset of the diarrheal illness?
5-10 d after
32
How do you treat Giardia?
Metronidazole, (5-7d) <1 Nitazoxanide (3d) 1-3 Tinidazole >3
33
What two races experience the highest amount of food intolerance to lactose?
Asians, Native americans
34
What is Toddler's diarrhea?
Drinking too much juice - osmotic
35
Urinary symptoms and ___ symptoms always go together
POOPING ISSUES
36
What is Hirshsprung's disease?
No ganglion cells in the distal rectum - cannot relax = functional obstruction
37
If a baby has Hirshsprungs, 50-90% will:
NOT HAVE passed a stool in the first 48 hours of life
38
When is Hishsprung's diagnosed?
Later in life 5-6
39
You can see what type of emesis in Hirschsprung's?
Bilious
40
What are two risk factors of Hirschsprung's?
- Down's | - FH
41
What is a complication of Hirschsprung's?
Toxic megacolon - explosive bloody diarrhea, fever, vomiting
42
What are two other things on the DDX for constipation?
Hypothyroidism and Imperforate anus
43
What does not cause constipation?
Iron
44
How do you treat constipation in a child (3)?
- 1-2 ox of fruit juice - Glycerin suppositories - Polyethylene glycol (for 6 mon - 1 yr)
45
Functional abdominal pain is related to what?
Functional visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety
46
What is the dx criteria for Functional abdominal pain?
Chronic recurrent abdominal pain on 3 or more occasions in a 3 month period of time
47
Irritable Bowel syndrome is diagnosed with:
Abdominal pain + (2): Improvement after BM, 4+ BM/day, 2/fewer a week, hard or loose, urgency, feeling of incomplete evacuation, mucus, bloating
48
What is functional dyspepsia?
Epigastric pain not relieved with a BM - can follow a viral illness
49
What is an abdominal migraine?
Paroxysmal episodes of peri-umbilical pain that lasts several hours with migraines, vomiting and pallor
50
What is treatment for an abdominal migraine?
Reassurance
51
When you are vomiting blood, where is it coming from?
Proximal to the ligament of Treitz
52
When you are pooping blood, where it is coming form?
Left colon - distal
53
When is Necrotizing Entercolitis seen and what is the risk highest in?
Seen in the first month of life - highest in premies and those with low birth weight
54
How do you diagnose Necrotizing Enterocolitis?
Abdominal x-ray - pneumatosis intestinalis (gas wall seen)
55
What is the treatment for those with Necrotizing Entercolitis?
Supporting, ABX and surgery | *Mortality is inversely related to weight and age
56
Most common cause of anorectal bleeding in kids:
Anal fissures
57
What is Meckel's diverticulum?
Remnant of an embryonic vitellointestinal duct that should be gone by 5-6 weeks of gestation - ulcerates and bleeds
58
What are symptoms of Meckel's diverticulum?
Painless rectal bleeding, recurrent intussusception, abdominal pain *Incidental finding
59
Meckel's is the disease of 2's:
- 2% - 2x common in males - 2 ft from ileocecal valve - 2 inches in length - 2-4 % complications - 2 yrs old at dx (or before)
60
What scan do you do for Meckel's?
A Meckel's scan with radiopaque dye
61
What are the three treatments for anal fissures?
- Fiber - Sitz baths - Lidocaine topical gel
62
What drug can turn your puke red?
Amoxicillin
63
What drug can turn your poop red?
Cefdinir - Omnicef
64
When are pinworms diagnosed?
5-10 years of age
65
Anal strep compared to pin worms visually:
Anal strep is very well defined margins
66
How do you treat pin worms (2)?
- Albendazole 400 mg - Pyrantal pamoate * Both are single dose treatments
67
What is the biological name for pinworms?
E. vermicularis
Pediatrics Exam 2
flashcards
Decks in class (7)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions