GI assessment (final)

Question 1

what is the primary function of the gi system?

Answer 1

-breakdown of food for digestion
-absorption of nutrients into blood stream
-elimination of undigested food and waste

Question 2

is the GI system an open or closed system

Answer 2

closed

Question 3

what is the pathway of the gi system

Answer 3

mouth -> esophagus -> stomach -> small and large intestines -> rectum -> anus

Question 4

what secretes bile and breaks down fat

Answer 4

gallbladder

Question 5

what has digestive enzymes

Answer 5

pancreas

Question 6

what system feeds gut organs

Answer 6

portal venous system

Question 7

what is in the portal venous system

Answer 7

-superior mesenteric
-inferior mesenteric
-gastric
-splenic
-cyctic

Question 8

where does most digestion occur

Answer 8

duodenum and jejunum

Question 9

what is a non-invasive test that can be used to look at the gallbladder, pancreas, and appendix

Answer 9

abdominal US

Question 10

what diet changes are made before an abdominal US

Answer 10

fat free meals the day before, NPO starting night prior to surgery

Question 11

what test used a barium contrast agent to detect foreign bodies, ulcers, and varices

Answer 11

fluoroscopy with x-ray

Question 12

what are considerations for fluoroscopy with x-ray

Answer 12

-NPO @ midnight
-pt drives home after
-encourage fluids to flush our barium
-may have white stools, GI upset

Question 13

what is used for direct visualization of esophageal, gastric, and duodenal mucosa

Answer 13

upper GI fibroscopy (EGD)

Question 14

considerations for EGD

Answer 14

-NPO @ mid
-conscious sedation
-PACU/can’t drive
-may have sore throat
-assess gag reflex
-may feel bloated

Question 15

what is a fluoroscopy and x-ray with contrast agent in the from of an enema, looks at colon for constipation and GI conditions

Answer 15

lower GI fluoroscopy

Question 16

visual exam of anus, rectum, and colon to detect and remove polyps

to diagnose and r/o disorders of the colon

Answer 16

colonoscopy

Question 17

considerations for colonoscopy?

sedation, diet, prep and after effects

Answer 17

• conscious sedation
• needs ride after
• left side-laying during
• bowel prep before
• instill air, may feel bloated and have gas

Question 18

what is used for…

• feedings/meds
• decompress stomach
• remove stomach contents

Answer 18

NG tube

Question 19

what is used for…

• intubated patients
• short term and less common

Answer 19

OG tube

Question 20

what is used for…

• opening in stomach
• admin of foods, fluids, and meds
• gastric decompression
• enteral support for longer than 4 weeks

Answer 20

gastrostomy tubes (PEG and G tube)

Question 21

what is …

• an opening into the jejunum
• used for admin of foods, fluids, and meds
• used when gastric route not accesible or contraindicated

Answer 21

jejunostomy (j tube)

Question 22

what is a method of providing nutrients to the body by an IV route. Contains protein, carbs, fats, electrolytes, vitamins, trace minerals, and sterile water

Answer 22

TPN

Question 23

what is the quantity and time TPN should be given over?

Answer 23

1-3 L over 24 hour period

Question 24

what may be infused simultaneously with TPN

Answer 24

IVFE (intravenous fat emulsions)

Question 25

what can TPN be given trough?

Answer 25

PICC or central line ONLY

Question 26

what kind if IV nutrition can be given through a peripheral line?

Answer 26

PPN

Question 27

what is important to watch for while on TPN?

Answer 27

rebound hypoglycemia