GI Part 2

Question 1

innate mechanisms of GI protection

Answer 1

microflora
B cells, T cells, DC
tight junctions
IgA
goblet cells/mucus

Question 2

two mechanistic types of diarrhea

Answer 2

inflam
non-inflam

Question 3

three mechanistic categories of diarrhea

Answer 3

induce intestinal secretion (enterotoxins - E.coli)
induce inflam
invasion

Question 4

small bowel diarrhea

• freq
  -volume
  -mucus
  -blood
  -tenesmus
  -urgency
  -dyschezia
  -vomit
  -weight loss
  -steatorrhea

Answer 4

normal/mildly increased frequency of defecation
normal-increased fecal volume
mucus absent
melena
tenesmus absent
urgency absent
dyschezia absent
may have vomiting
weight loss often present
steatorrhea may be present

Question 5

large bowel diarrhea

• freq
  -volume
  -mucus
  -blood
  -tenesmus
  -urgency
  -dyschezia
  -vomit
  -weight loss
  -steatorrhea

Answer 5

marked increase in frequency of defecation
decreased fecal volume
mucus present
hematochezia
tenesmus present
urgency present
dyschezia present
vomiting infrequently present
infrequent weight loss
steatorrhea often present

Question 6

examples of congenital segmental defects & aplasia

Answer 6

stenosis
atresia

Question 7

persistent meckle’s diverticulum

Answer 7

omphalomesenteric duct (stalk of yolk sac)
confused with cecum
all layers of bowel wall + communicates with lumen

Question 8

white lethal foal syndrome

breed?
mutation?
result?

Answer 8

aganglionosis (reductions/absence of ganglion cells)
paint horses
mutation in the endothelin receptor B gene
colonic hypoplasia

Question 9

parts of intussusception and causes

Answer 9

telescoping, intussusceptum (entrapped part) then intussuscipiens (enveloping part) resulting in currant jelly stools, strangulation of bowel (gangrene. septic, shock)

irritability & hypermotility

Question 10

sequela of intestinal vascular compromise (torsion & volvulus)

Answer 10

infarction
increased intestinal permeability
endotoxemia
sepsis
rupture
peritonitis

Question 11

most common GI neoplasia in cats & ruminants
soft, white-tan, homogenous, soft mass or diffuse thickening of GI wall → stenosis and ulceration

Answer 11

intestinal/alimentary lymphoma

Question 12

most common GI neoplasia in dogs/sheep

Answer 12

intestinal adenocarcinoma

Question 13

sequale of IBD

Answer 13

malabsorption
protein-losing enteropathy

Question 14

pathogenesis of histiocytic ulcerative colitis or granulomatous colitis

Answer 14

invasive E.coli that causes infiltration of histiocytes that contain PAS positive material

Question 15

NSAIDS cause what in horses

Answer 15

right dorsal ulcerative colitis

Question 16

most common cause of colic in horses

Answer 16

strangulating lipoma

Question 17

granulomatous and proliferative enteritis in a horse

Answer 17

Lawsonia intracellularis

Question 18

Clostridial perfringens lesions

Answer 18

necrohemorrhagic enterocolitis & toxemia

Question 19

what Clostridium causes necrohemorrhagic enteritis & abomastitis, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome, antibiotic enteritis in horses/rabbits and colitis X in horses

Answer 19

type A

Question 20

what Clostridium causes lamb dysentery

Answer 20

type B

Question 21

what Clostridium causes blood diarrhea in neonates esp pigs

Answer 21

type C

Question 22

what Clostridium causes pulp kidney (overeating) disease & encephalomalacia in lambs

Answer 22

type D

Question 23

what Clostridium causes enteritis in lagomorphs and enterotoxemia in ruminants

Answer 23

type E

Question 24

what is characterized by a change in diet high in carbs, symmetrical necrosis and hemorrhage of the brain, pale/enlarged, soft/fragile kidneys

Answer 24

pulp kidney disease
encephalomalacia

Question 25

C. difficile is associated with what previous treatment

Answer 25

oral antibiotic use

Question 26

lesions and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis

Answer 26

Johne's disease - chronic wasting, pipe stream diarrhea, granulomatous inflam with mineralization, thickened folds, lymphadenitis pathogenesis: expansion/thickening of lamina propria by macrophages & loss of villus = inflam/malabsorption

Question 27

what causes proliferative ileitis in pigs > 4 weeks?

Answer 27

lawsonia intracellularis

Question 28

How would porcine proliferative ileitis and swine dysentery look grossly different?

Answer 28

proliferative ileitis - L. intracellularis = markedly thickened ileum wall (cobblestone or cerebriform appearance) swine dysentery - Brachyspira hyodysenteriae = colon, blood diarrhea

Question 29

what causes edema disease in neonatal pigs "enterotoxemic colibacillosis"

Answer 29

E.coli

Question 30

what type of salmonella is characterized by young animals with acute necrosis of blood vessels

Answer 30

peracute

Question 31

what type of salmonella is characterized by catarrhal enteritis with diffuse fibrinonecrotic ileotyphlocolitis, mesenteric lymphadenopathy and fibrinous cholecystitis

Answer 31

acute

Question 32

what type of salmonella is characterized by button ulcers, rectal strictures

Answer 32

chronic

Question 33

best tissue to culture of salmonellosis

Answer 33

mesenteric LN

Question 34

tropism of parvovirus

Answer 34

mitotically active cells = crypts peyer's patches

Question 35

tropism of rotavirus

Answer 35

upper 2/3 of intestinal villi SI vacuolation of enterocytes

Question 36

tropism of coronavirus

Answer 36

tips & middle of villi crypt epithelium SI & LI

Question 37

which virus causes "ground glass" appearance and villus blunting

Answer 37

rotavirus

Question 38

what virus causes transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)

Answer 38

porcine coronavirus enteritis

Question 39

which virus causes villus blunting and crypt hyperplasia

Answer 39

coronavirus

Question 40

puppies born to unvx bitches and infected with CPV-2 < 8 weeks of age can get ___, why?

Answer 40

interstitial myocarditis myocytes still undergoing cell division

Question 40

what is a mutated feline enteric coronavirus + abnormal immune response

Answer 40

FIP

Question 41

Parascaris equorum sequela

Answer 41

impaction and perforation

Question 42

ascaris suum (porcine) sequela

Answer 42

intestinal impaction +/- perforation

Question 43

toxocara canis (canine) sequela

Answer 43

intestinal impaction +/- perforation

Question 44

hookworm Ancylostoma caninum sequela

Answer 44

hemorrhagic enteritis anemia

Question 45

strongylus vulgarus sequela

Answer 45

verminour arteritis eosinophilic endareritis at aorta & cranial mesenteric a

Question 46

Anoplocephala perfoliate (tapeworm) sequela

Answer 46

intussusception, impaction, rupture

Question 47

GI fungus

Answer 47

oomycetes - Pythium insidiosum