Name the three antacids
- calcium carbonate
- Mg hydroxide or carbonate
- aluminum hydroxide
Name the categories of drugs that decrease acid production
- anticholinergics
- antihistamines
- proton pump inhibitors
What are the anticholinergics
probantheline
atropine
What are the antihistamines
cimetidine
ranitidine
famotidine
nizatidine
what are the proton pump inhibitors
the “prazoles”
when do you take proton pump inhibitors
in the morning w/o other medications - it needs acid activation
which class of drugs can cause rebound acidity so you shouldnt stop them abruptly
antihistamines
what are the the categories of drugs that increase mucosal resistance
- coat ulcer crater
- increase mucus and bicarb
- eradicate h pylori
what drugs coat the ulcer crater ?
- bismuth salts
2. sucralfate
which drugs increase mucus production? why are they unique?
misoprostol
only effective treatment for NSAID ulcers
what drugs are used to eradicate H pylori
bismuth salts
metronidazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin, clarithromycin
PPIs
What drugs treat GERD?
reduce acidity - antacids, h2 blockers, PPIs
inc motor tone - metochlopramide, cisapride
What drugs are used for vomiting
- phenothiazines
2. serotonin antagonists
What drugs are in the phenothiazines? what is their MOA?
prechlorperazine
promethazine
-dopamine antagonists
What are the serotonin antagonists used to treat vomiting
“setrons”
What classes are used to treat diarrhea
- anticholinergics-atropine
- opioid agonists
- colloids - metamucil
- pectin - kaopectate
which drugs are opioid agonists
- loperamide
- diphenoxylate
- codeine sulfate
What are the classes of drugs used to treat constipation
Strong:
- irritants
- osmotic cathartics
mild:
- bulk forming
- lubricating
what are the irritants
- castor oil
- senna
- bisacodyl
- phenopthalein
what are the osmotic cathartics?
- mg citrate
- sodium sulfate
- milk of magnesia
- sodium phosphate
what are the bulk forming drugs
- psyllium seed
- methycellulose
- sodium carboxymethylcellulose
What are the lubricants
- mineral oil
- dioctyl sodium
- poloxalkols
What are the drugs used to treat acute IBD, explain how they are different
- sulfasalazine
2. otsalazine - less s/e
Which anti-constipation drug subset is used for colonoscopy prep
osmotic cathartics
