MRCP 1 > GIT > Flashcards

GIT Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Which GIT hormone increases bicarb secretion from intestines ?

A

secretin

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2
Q

Persistent iron deficiency anemia + +FIT + -VE colonoscopy + associated murmur ?

A

angiodysplasia
associated aortic stenosis

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3
Q

What is the function of MSH2 gene of lynch syndrome

A

DNA mismatch repair

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4
Q

What vitamin deficiency is seen in patients with carcinoid syndrome

A

niacin (vit b3) causing pellagra due to consumption of tryptophan in synthesis of serotonin

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5
Q

indications of antibiotic prophylaxis in sbp

A

previous sbp
ptn <= 15

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6
Q

What hepatitis B antibody indicates natural immunity ?

A

Anti-HBc

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7
Q

Contraindications to liver biopsy

A

deranged clotting (e.g. INR > 1.4)
low platelets (e.g. < 60 * 109/l)
anaemia
extrahepatic biliary obstruction
hydatid cyst
haemoangioma
uncooperative patient
ascites

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8
Q

What is the most responsible factor for increased risk of colorectal cancer in uc

A

chronic inflammation

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9
Q

How to differntiate hemochromatosis from other causes of elevated ferritin

A

By transferrin saturation
normal = other cause
high = hemochromatosis

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10
Q

Which genetic marker is most strongly associated with celiac disease?

A

HLA-DQ2 > HLA-DQ8

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11
Q

What finding on biopsy is most suggestive of UC?

A

Goblet cell depletion

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12
Q

What is the strongest risk factor for anal cancer

A

HPV 16

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13
Q

What type of gene is APC

A

Tumor supressor gene

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14
Q

What is the mode of inheritence in wilsons and hemochromatosis

A

autosomal recessive

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15
Q

What is the most common cause of pancreatitis in pregnancy

A

gallstones

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16
Q

What food items should be avoided in IBS

A

Insoluble sources of fibre such as bran and wholemeal

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17
Q

For how long do patients need to eat gluten before being tested for celiac

A

at least 6 weeks

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18
Q

What is the most important etiological factor for crohns

A

genetic predisposition

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19
Q

Most common cause of perianal itching in children affecting family members

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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20
Q

watery diarrhea with abscence of any other manifestations in a patient taking ppis?

A

Microscopic colitis for colonscopy & biopsy

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21
Q

What type if immunoglobulin is high in autoimmune hepatitis

22
Q

What disease is more common in caucasian populations than cystic fibrosis

Study These Flashcards
A

hemochromatosis

23
Q

What are the 2 indications for use of terlipressin in hepatology

Study These Flashcards
A

1- before endoscopy in variceal bleeding
2- hepatorenl syndrome (with albumin)
both to cause splanchnic vc and reduce portal pressure

24
Q

What liver diseases cause necrosis vs apoptiosis ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Necrosis in severe injury as acute liver failure (paracetamol) or shock liver

Apoptosis in milder forms as viral, alcoholic or autoimmune hepatitis giving hope for regenration

25
What to do next if MASLD is incidentally discovered on US?
Arrange enhanced liver fibrosis ELF test
26
What are the most common sites of gastrinoma
1st part duodenum most common pancreas 2nd most common
27
Diarrhoea - biospy shows pigment laden macrophages
Laxative abuse
28
Acute abdomen + cotton wool spots on fundus in an alcoholic
Acute pancreatitis + Purtscher retinopathy.
29
What drugs are used in management of post cholecystecomy syndrome (dyspepsia, diarrhea...)
Cholestyramine PPis if dyspeptic
30
What is the 1st line investiagtion for suspected SBBOS
Hydrogen breath tests
31
What drugs are used for management of eosinophillic esophagitis
1- PPIs 2- TOPICAL steroids (fluticasone)
32
What laxative reserved for terminally ill patients due to the risk of potential carcinogenicity
Co-danthramer
33
Which syndrome is most commonly associated with PBC
Sjogrens (80%)
34
What drugs should be stopped before urea breath test ?
4 weeks OFF Abx 2 weeks OFF PPI
35
What could induce an UC flare
stress NSAIDs antibiotics cessation of smoking
36
What lipid disorders are thought to cause acute pancreatitis
Hypertriglyceridemia & hyperchylomicronemia
37
What is the most common cause of biliary disease in patients with HIV
sclerosing cholangitis due to infections such as CMV, Cryptosporidium and Microsporidia
38
Which anti-retroviral is most characteristically associated with pancreatitis?
Didanosine
39
What criteria is used for severity of pancreatitis?
PANCREAS for the Glasgow Criteria: P - PaO2 <8 A - age >55 years old N - Neutrophils - WCC >15x10^9 C - Calcium <2 mmol/L R - Renal Function - Urea >16 mmol/L E - Enzymes AST >200, LDH >600 A - Albumin <30 g/L S -Sugars - BM >10
40
What other than Ranson & Glasgow scoring systems can be used for assement of severity of acute pancreatitis ?
CRP >150 mg/L after 48 hours
41
What is Maddrey's Discriminant Function (MDF) used for & how is it calculated ?
-prognostic scoring system used specifically in alcoholic hepatitis -MDF = 4.6 × (Prothrombin time in seconds - Control prothrombin time) + Serum bilirubin (mg/dL) -score ≥ 32 indicates severe alcoholic hepatitis
42
What are thr indications for different bariatric surgeries ?
BMI 30-39-LAGB BMI >40-Sleeve Gastrectomy BMI > 60-Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch
43
Management of incidental gallstones on US?
Observation
44
Management of crohn's
Inducing remission: Oral steroid / budesonide > Mesalazine > AZA / mercaptopurine (only as add on) / MTX > Infliximab Addition/instead: enteral feeding elemental diet Perianal: metronidazole Maintaining: AZA / mercaptopurine > MTX
45
Causes of villous atrophy (other than coeliacs)
tropical sprue, Whipple's, lymphoma, hypogammaglobulinaemia
46
What score is used to screen for malnutrition ?
MUST
47
What drug is used for ttt of SIBO ?
Rifaximin
48
Where do most VIPomas arise from?
Pancreas
49
Which bariatric surgery is most likely to cause significant malabsorption?
Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch
50
investigation of choice for bile acid malabsorption
SeHCAT
51
What percentage of patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome will have died from a related cancer by the age of 60 years?
50%
MRCP 1
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