GIT

Question 1

Calcium binding protein in smooth muscle

Answer 1

Calmodulin

Question 2

How would you differentiate single unit and multi unit smooth muscle

Answer 2

presence of gap junctions

Question 3

single unit SM is present in

Answer 3

GIT

Question 4

Which has both single and multi unit smooth muscle

Answer 4

Blood vessels

Question 5

RMP of Smooth muscle

Answer 5

-40 to -60

Question 6

Basic electrical rhythm (10-15 mv ) is seen in

Answer 6

Smooth muscle

Question 7

pacemaker of GI cells

Answer 7

Interstitial cells of cajal

Question 8

Max BER is seen in

Min BER is seen in

Answer 8

Duodenum

Cecum

Question 9

Source of calcium in Smooth muscle

Answer 9

ECF

Question 10

Smooth muscle relaxation is by

Answer 10

Phosphatase

Question 11

Latch mechanism ( slower rate of actin myosin cross bridge cycling ) is seen in

Answer 11

Smooth muscle

Question 12

Which plexus controls gut motility

Answer 12

Myenteric or Auerbach plexus

Question 13

Which plexus controls secretory activity and blood supply

Answer 13

Submucosal or meissner plexus

Question 14

Which Gq receptor has more affinity to gastrin

Answer 14

CCKb

Question 15

Gastrin is secreted by

Answer 15

G cells in antrum

Question 16

most important hormone for HCL secretion

Answer 16

Gastrin

Question 17

Ghrelin is secreted by

Function

Answer 17

D1/P cells in the fundus

Orexigenic ( increases appetite)

Question 18

CCK is secreted by

Function

Answer 18

I cells in upper small intestine

Increases gall bladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion , potetniates action of secretin, produces satiety , increase somatostatin secretion

Question 19

secretin is secreted by

Function

Answer 19

S cells

Increases Bicarb content in bile and pancreatic juice

Question 20

GIP ( Glucose dependent insulinotropic factor) is secreted by

Function

Answer 20

K cells

Increases insulin secretion

Question 21

What are the 2 hormones which are called incretins

Answer 21

GIP and GLP-1

Question 22

GLP-1 is secreted by

aka

Function

Answer 22

L cells

Physiologic B celll stimulating hormone

Increases insulin secretion, reduce gastric motility

Question 23

somatostatin is secreted by

Function

Answer 23

Delta cells

Decreases gastric motility and secretions, Decreases gastrin

Question 24

Which hormone is responsible for MMC ( hunger contractions)

Secreted by

Which antibiotic binds to the cells

Answer 24

motilin

Mo

Erythromycin

Question 25

Which 2 hormones comes under gastrin family

Answer 25

Gastrin and CCK ( rest others are secretin family)

Question 26

2 main causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 26

Diarrhea DKA

Question 27

Colonic secretion are rich in what ion

Answer 27

K+

Question 28

Which salivary gland contributes more saliva

Answer 28

Submandibular

Question 29

3 phases of saliva secretion which phase is more important for saliva secretion Which ion is needed for activation of salivary amylase

Answer 29

cephalic, oral , gastric Cephalic Cl

Question 30

3 enzymes for saliva secretion

Answer 30

Salivary amylase ( carbs) Lysozyme Lingual lipase ( fats)

Question 31

Lingual lipase is secreted by

Answer 31

Ebner glands on dorsum of tongue

Question 32

3 phases of gastric acid secretion which phase is more important for gastric acid secretion

Answer 32

Cephalic, gastric, intestinal Gastric

Question 33

Which cells secrete hcl and intrinsic factor

Answer 33

parietal cells/oxyntic cell ( pernicious anemia - antibodies against parietal cells)

Question 34

Which cells secrete pepsin and gastric lipase

Answer 34

Cheif/peptic cell

Question 35

Functions of HCL

Answer 35

Bactericidal pepsinogen to pepsin Solubilizes Fe salts

Question 36

3 phases of pancreatic secretion which phase is more important for pancreatic secretion

Answer 36

Cephalic, gastric, intestinal Intestinal

Question 37

which intestinal enzyme converts other inactive pancreatic enzyme to their active forms

Answer 37

Trypsin

Question 38

Glucose and galactose are mainly absorbed by what transport on luminal membrane and what enzyme on basolateral membrane

Answer 38

SGLT2 ( secondary active co transport) on luminal and GLUT-2 ( facilitated diffusion ) on basolateral

Question 39

Fructose is mainly absorbed by what transport on luminal membrane and basolateral membrane

Answer 39

GLUT-5

Question 40

Amino acid absorbed by leave cell by

Answer 40

secondary active co transport AA transporters

Question 41

which mineral interferes with iron absorption

Answer 41

Calcium

Question 42

Major absorption takes place in what part of SI

Answer 42

Jej

Question 43

Absorption of B12 and bile acids takes place in what part of SI

Answer 43

Distal ileum

Question 44

Fe absoption takes place in what part of SI

Answer 44

Duodenum

Question 45

SCFA are produced by

Answer 45

Colonic bacteria

Question 46

types of movements seen in GI tract

Answer 46

Segmental contractions Peristalsis MMC ( hunger contractions - occur after meal every 90-120min for clearing the stomach)