BGA?
brain gut axis
what is chronic stress associated with?
with decrease gastric emptying, increase intestinal contractility, increase gut permeability, reduce water absorption, intestinal inflammatory response
when do animals regurgitate?
over-eaten and want to spit out
vommiting?
requires large abdominal movements (strong muscular movements)
normal defecation ritual?
sniffing, circling, straining, covering up
what is abnormal with caecotrophs?
slowly consuming caecotrophs - being able to see it
Seeing caecotrophs lying around - not being consumed
ingestion of non-food material normal for which animals?
tortoises, birds - chickens
what makes normal behaviour abnormal?
if it is carried out excessively
ELS?
excessive licking of surfaces
Borborgymus?
loud gurgling noise from abdomen
ulcer in mouth? behavioural sign =
start licking/moving mouth quite commonly
tenesmus?
animal is in squatting position
straining excessively (locked in squat position)
painful anal glands or large intestinal issues
restlessness and hunch in horses - sign of what?
colic
Bruxism?
teeth grinding
what behavioural signs can we use to identify pain?
posture, movement, vocalisation, eating habits, activity levels, sleep pattern altered, grooming (lack/excessive), elimination pattern change
lateral recumbency?
not doing well