MSPC 337 - GIT Pathology > Git Pharm > Flashcards

Git Pharm Flashcards

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1
Q

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A

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Aluminum hydroxide?

A

Neutralizes gastric acid; forms insoluble AlCl₃; raises gastric pH; causes constipation.

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Magnesium hydroxide?

A

Neutralizes acid; MgCl₂ acts as osmotic laxative.

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Calcium carbonate?

A

Neutralizes acid; CO₂ release causes belching; Ca²⁺ absorption may → hypercalcemia.

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Sodium bicarbonate?

A

Fast-acting antacid; raises pH; releases CO₂ → belching.

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Cimetidine?

A

H₂ antagonist → ↓ cAMP → ↓ H⁺/K⁺-ATPase; also inhibits CYP450 and has weak antiandrogen effects.

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ranitidine?

A

H₂ antagonist → ↓ acid secretion.

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Nizatidine?

A

H₂ antagonist → ↓ acid secretion.

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Famotidine?

A

H₂ antagonist → ↓ acid secretion.

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Omeprazole?

A

PPI: irreversibly inhibits H⁺/K⁺-ATPase via disulfide bond.

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Lansoprazole?

A

PPI: irreversible proton pump inhibition.

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Pantoprazole?

A

PPI: irreversible proton pump inhibition.

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Rabeprazole?

A

PPI: irreversible proton pump inhibition.

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Esomeprazole?

A

PPI: irreversible proton pump inhibition.

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Atropine?

A

Muscarinic antagonist; reduces acid only at high doses with many side effects.

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Pirenzepine?

A

Selective M₁ blocker on ECL cells → ↓ ACh-induced histamine release → ↓ acid.

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Sucralfate?

A

Forms protective viscous polymer; adheres to ulcers; inhibits pepsin; ↑ PGs, mucus & HCO₃⁻.

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Bismuth chelate?

A

Coats ulcers; adsorbs pepsin; toxic to H. pylori; inhibits bacterial adherence and proteases.

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19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Misoprostol?

A

PGE₁ analogue; ↓ acid by cAMP pathway; ↑ mucus + HCO₃⁻.

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20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Amoxicillin?

A

Used in triple therapy for H. pylori eradication.

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Clarithromycin?

A

Macrolide used in H. pylori regimens.

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22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Metronidazole?

A

Component of H. pylori triple therapy.

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23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Tetracycline?

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A

Used in H. pylori eradication regimens.

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Pectins?

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A

Bulk-forming laxative: retains water → ↑ stool bulk → stimulates peristalsis.

25
What is the mechanism of action of Methylcellulose?
Bulk-forming laxative: hydrophilic polymer retaining water.
26
What is the mechanism of action of Sterculia?
Bulk-forming agent → retains water → promotes peristalsis.
27
What is the mechanism of action of Bran?
Bulk-forming natural fiber → ↑ mass → ↑ peristalsis.
28
What is the mechanism of action of Castor oil?
Stimulant laxative: irritates mucosa → ↑ motility.
29
What is the mechanism of action of Senna?
Anthracene glycosides hydrolyzed in colon → stimulate myenteric plexus.
30
What is the mechanism of action of Bisacodyl?
Stimulates rectal mucosa → rapid peristalsis.
31
What is the mechanism of action of Docusate sodium?
Surfactant laxative: reduces surface tension → emulsifies stool → softens.
32
What is the mechanism of action of Liquid paraffin?
Surfactant laxative: stool softening via emulsification.
33
What is the mechanism of action of Magnesium sulfate?
Poorly absorbed salt → osmotic retention of water → purgation.
34
What is the mechanism of action of Lactulose?
Converted to lactic and acetic acids → osmotic effect → laxation.
35
What is the mechanism of action of Diphenoxylate?
Opioid agonist → sustained segmental contraction → ↓ peristalsis. It’s anti diarrhea
36
What is the mechanism of action of Loperamide?
Peripheral opioid agonist; ↓ motility; enterohepatic cycling.
37
What is the mechanism of action of Kaolin-pectin?
Adsorbent: absorbs toxins and water.
38
What is the mechanism of action of Polycarbophil?
Potent adsorbent: binds water & toxins.
39
What is the mechanism of action of Hyoscine?
Anticholinergic → ↓ GI spasm.
40
What is the mechanism of action of Propantheline?
Muscarinic antagonist → ↓ parasympathetic gut activity.
41
What is the mechanism of action of Dicycloxerine?
Anticholinergic antispasmodic.
42
What is the mechanism of action of Mebeverine?
Direct smooth muscle relaxant via ion-channel effects.
43
What is the mechanism of action of Drotaverine?
Smooth muscle relaxant via Ca²⁺ and K⁺ channel effects.
44
What is the mechanism of action of Alverine?
Direct smooth muscle relaxant.
45
What is the mechanism of action of Ondansetron?
5‑HT₃ antagonist → blocks vagal & CTZ serotonin signaling.
46
What is the mechanism of action of Granisetron?
Selective 5‑HT₃ blocker → antiemetic.
47
What is the mechanism of action of Prochlorperazine?
D₂ receptor blocker in CTZ → ↓ vomiting.
48
What is the mechanism of action of Domperidone?
Peripheral D₂ antagonist → ↓ CTZ activation.
49
What is the mechanism of action of Metoclopramide?
Blocks D₂ + 5‑HT₃; prokinetic + antiemetic.
50
What is the mechanism of action of Dronabinol?
Cannabinoid acting on vomiting center.
51
What is the mechanism of action of Nabilone?
Synthetic cannabinoid → ↓ CTZ-triggered vomiting.
52
What is the mechanism of action of Dimenhydrinate?
H₁ antihistamine → antiemetic (motion sickness).
53
What is the mechanism of action of Meclizine?
H₁ blocker for motion sickness.
54
What is the mechanism of action of Promethazine?
H₁ blocker with antimuscarinic effects.
55
What is the mechanism of action of Scopolamine?
Antimuscarinic for motion sickness; transdermal patch.
56
What is the mechanism of action of Dexamethasone?
Glucocorticoid with antiemetic effects.
57
What is the mechanism of action of Methylprednisolone?
Steroid antiemetic.
MSPC 337 - GIT Pathology
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