GIT SYSTEM

Question 1

Triad of Achalasia (3)

Answer 1

1.incomplete relaxation of LES
2.increased lower oesophageal tone
3.oesophageal aperistalsis

Question 2

H.pylori virulence factors that cause peptic ulcer disease

Answer 2

1 flagella which allow the bacteria to be motile in viscous mucous
2.urease which generates ammonia
3. Adhensins that enhance bacterial adherence to surface foveolar cells
4 toxins such as cytotoxin-associated gene

Question 3

Types of polyps in the stomach(4)

Answer 3

1. Inflammatory polyps
   2.hyperplastic polyps
   3.fundic gland polyps
   4.Gastric adenomas

Question 4

Most common sites of metastasis of gastric carcinoma

Answer 4

1.liver(48%)
2.peritoneum(32%)
3.lung(15%)
4.bone(12%)

Question 5

4 factors that cause inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 5

1.Genetics(NOD2)
2.Mucosal immune response
3.Epithelial defects
4.microbiota

Question 6

6 extra-intestinal manifestations of crohn’s disease

Answer 6

1.migratory polyarthritis
2 sacroiliitis
3.ankylosing spondylitis
4.erythema nodosum
5.clubbing
6.uveitis

Question 7

Crohn’s disease complications

Answer 7

1.fibrosing strictures
2.fistulas
3.protein losing enteropathy
4 malabsorption (steatorrhoea)
5.perforation
6 peritoneal abscess

Question 8

The 4 main causes of small bowel obstruction

Answer 8

1.hernias
2.adhesions
3.volvulus
4.intussusception

Question 9

Classification of neoplastic polyps of colon

Answer 9

1.tubular adenoma
2.tubulovillous adenoma
3.villous adenoma
4.sessile serrated adenoma