Glaciation

Question 1

Formation of a corrie, 10 marks

Answer 1

1. Frost shattering on North
2. Neve glacial ice slides
3. Plucking deepens hollow
4. Abrasion deepens hollow
5. Rotational movement creates armchair with lip
6. Corrie lochan, Coire Cas

Question 2

Named example for a corrie

Answer 2

Coire Cas

Question 3

Formation of an arête, Ten Marks

Answer 3

1. Frost shattering on North
2. Neve glacial ice slides
3. Plucking deepens hollow
4. Abrasion deepens hollow
5. Rotational movement creates armchair with lip
6. Two corries form side by side.

Question 4

Formation of a pyramidal peak, Ten Marks

Answer 4

1. Frost shattering on North
2. Neve glacial ice slides
3. Plucking deepens hollow
4. Abrasion deepens hollow
5. Rotational movement creates armchair with lip
6. Three corries form side by side. Eg. Matterhorn.

Question 5

Named example for a pyramidal peak

Answer 5

The Matterhorn

Question 6

The formation of a U-shaped valley, Ten Marks

Answer 6

1. Existing v-shaped valley
2. Freeze-thaw
3. Plucking
4. Abrasion
5. Steep sides, wide floor
6. U-shaped, eg. Glen Coe
7. Freeze thaw leaves scree

Question 7

Formation of a hanging Valley, 10 marks

Answer 7

1. Existing v-shaped valley
2. Freeze-thaw
3. Plucking
4. Abrasion
5. Steep sides, wide floor
6. U-shaped, eg. Glen Coe
7. Freeze thaw leaves scree
8. Tributary rivers/glaciers
9. Less vertical erosion
10. Cut off

Question 8

Ribbon loch, Ten Marks

Answer 8

1. Existing v-shaped valley
2. Freeze-thaw
3. Plucking
4. Abrasion
5. Steep sides, wide floor
6. U-shaped
7. Freeze thaw leaves scree
8. Different rocks make basin
9. Filled with water, eg. Loch Avon

Question 9

Named example for a U-shaped valley

Answer 9

Glencoe

Question 10

Named example for a ribbon loch

Answer 10

Loch Avon

Question 11

The formation of a terminal Moraine, 8 marks

Answer 11

1. Ridge at snout
2. Erosion x 3, transport x 3
3. Longer time - higher
4. Small to 40m
5. Push moraine
6. Recessional moraines
7. Trapped lochs, eg. Corrie an Lochan in Cairngorms

Question 12

Named example for a trapped loch by terminal Moraine

Answer 12

Corrie an Lochan

Question 13

Formation of an esker, 8 marks

Answer 13

1. Ridges of sorted rock, horizontally layered by water
2. Sub-glacial tunnels, parallel to glacier flow
3. Attrition
4. Larger rocks upstream
5. Glacier leaves ridge

Question 14

Formation of a drumlin, 8 marks

Answer 14

1. Small oval hills, little water - angular
2. Glacial till forms under the glacier
3. Dumped sediment
4. Short stoss, long lee
5. Parallel groups i.e. Swarms
6. May be reshaped

Question 15

Abrasion, process of erosion, 2 mark

Answer 15

Rocks caught in the ice grind against the valley floor like sandpaper, smoothing and deepening it

Question 16

Plucking, process of erosion, two marks

Answer 16

The glacier freezes on to rocks in the valley side and then pulls them off as it moves downhill under the force of gravity, wearing away and steepening the sides

Question 17

Freeze thaw, process of erosion, two marks

Answer 17

Water in the rocks expands and contracts as it freezes and thaws, weakening it and creating cracks which can then allow pieces of rock to be broken off