The formation of a glacier
Snow collects and accumulates in North facing hollows. The snow compacts and compresses to form glacial ice.
Formation of a corrie
Stage 1: formation of a glacier
Stage 2: movement
Stage 3: erosion processes
Stage 4 - formation of a corrie
- snow falls in North facing hollows and forms ice. Plucking steepens the back wall and abrasion deepens the floor. The ice will deposit material at the edge of the corrie called a “lip”, when ice melts a small loch can form.
3 erosional processes
- plucking - ice freezes onto rocks and pulls them off of the landscape.
- abrasion - rocks stuck to the base and sides of the glacier grind away the rock.
- freeze thaw - water enters cracks on the rocks, freezes and expands putting pressure on the rock, causing the rock to break apart.
Stage: movement
The glacier moves downhill due to gravity and basal sliding. Basal sliding occurs when friction causes a thin layer of ice to melt.
Formation of an arete
Stage 1 - formation of a glacier
Stage 2 - movement of a glacier
Stage 3 - 3 erosional processes
Stage 4 - formation of a corrie
Stage 5 - formation of an arete
- an arete is formed when 2 corries form back to back or side to side creating a sharp ridge.
Formation of a pyramidal peak
Stage 1 - formation of a glacier
Stage 2 - movement of a glacier
Stage 3 - 3 erosional processes
Stage 4 - formation of a corrie
Stage 6 - formation of a pyramidal peak
- formed when 3 corries form back to back, creating a jegged peak.
Formation of a U-shaped valley
Stage 1: formation of a V-shaped valley
- formed through vertical erosion of a river
Stage 2 - formation of a glacier
- snow collects and accumulates in a V-shaped valley. It compacts and compresses to form glacial ice.
Stage 3 - movement of a glacier
Stage 4 - 3 erosional processes
Stage 5: formation of a U-shaped valley
- plucking steepens the valley sides and abrasion deepens and flattens the valley floor. The river left behind is called a misfit stream.
Formation of a truncated spur
Unlikely to be in exam
Stage 1: formation of a V-shaped valley Stage 2 - formation of a glacier Stage 3 - movement of a glacier Stage 4 - 3 erosional processes Stage 5 - formation of a U-shaped valley
Stage 5 - formation of a truncated spur
- a truncated spur exists because a ridge has been cut off sharply by the ice that flowed down the main valley.
Forestry - glaciation land uses
- land in Scotland, especially in upland areas, is kept for hunting
- trees need a lot of rainfall so the upland area is well suited for their growth.
- although tree production is less profitable than arable farming, trees can be planted on the unsuitable areas for farming making it an efficient use of the land.
Farming - glaciation land uses
- sheep farming because the sheep can withstand the harsher weather conditions and upland areas are: cold, wet, windy and have poor soil so they are unsuitable for growing crops. Also machinery is unable to access the steep slopes.
Renewable energy - glaciation land uses
- wind turbines are perfect for this area because of the high winds.
- hydroelectric could also take place by damming a water source.
Tourism - glaciation land uses
- skiing because corries have steep walls and are perfect in winter months when snow is falling.
- Aretes - Hill walking because the sharp ridges provide a challenge.
- pyramidal peak can be used for rock climbing as many reach a summit point.
- lakes and tarns are suitable for watersports.
- upland areas are good for: photography and bird watching due to beautiful scenery.
Quarrying / industry - glaciation land uses
- materials such as granite are found in upland areas. This is useful for building materials.
Water storage and supply - glaciation land uses
- hard rock type such as granite provide a perfect landscape for water storage. Also there is rain and snow melting and its not near pollution and therefore perfect for a water source.
Tourists Vs farmers - glaciation land use conflicts
Dogs off leads can lead can scare sheep and result is miscarriages. This means a loss of profit for the farmer.
- signs can be issued to keep dogs on leads and park rangers can be employed to monitor and issue fines. This will reduce the amount of sheep deaths.
Tourists trample crops
- footpaths can be constructed, fences can be built to separate crops from footpaths .
Stone walls destroyed
- historic Scotland fix can replace the walls ti reduce the farmers cost.
Tourists vs locals - glaciation land use conflicts
Not enough houses for locals as tourists use houses as holiday homes. This means that locals are struggling to aquire a permanent home.
- rules can be put in place which means tourists must prove they visit the area regularly to reduce the amount of homes not being used.
Tourists drive to areas and leave cars over drive ways and contest the streets.
- build car parks and improve public transport to reduce the amount of cars.
Industry vs tourists - glaciation land use conflicts
Quarry blasting puts tourists off because off the noise pollution.
- blasting can only occur at certain times of the day.
Dust produced by transportation from the quarry
- cover lorries with plastic sheeting, water is used to dampen dust.
Wind turbines look unsightly
- plant more trees as natural barriers or olace the wind turbines out at sea.
Formatiob of a V-shaped valley
Formed through vertical erosion from a river.
