globalisation

Question 1

long term migrant

Answer 1

a person who moves to another country for at least 1 year

Question 2

short term migrant

Answer 2

a person who moves to another country for at least 3 months, but less than a year

Question 3

international migration

Answer 3

the movement of people away from their place of usual residence and across an international border to a country of which they are not nationals

Question 4

net migration

Answer 4

the difference between the number of emigrants and the number of immigrants

Question 5

the two categories for immigrants in the uk

Answer 5

1. eu nationals
2. no eu nationals

Question 6

economic migrant

Answer 6

a person who migrates to seek a better standard of living or to escape poverty

Question 7

refugee

Answer 7

a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution or natural disaster. they have legal rights in their destination country

Question 8

asylum seeker

Answer 8

a person who has fled their home country but does not have refugee status in their destination country

Question 9

intra regional flows

Answer 9

migration within a region
eg within the eu

Question 10

inter regional flows

Answer 10

migration outside of a region (eg eu national migrating to Australia)

Question 11

multiplier effect

Answer 11

the snowballing of economic activity, triggering by investment which causes an increase in employment and therefore spending. alternatively, when industry decline in an area causing unemployment and degradation

Question 12

brain drain

Answer 12

when, relative to the population size, a large number of highly educated or skilled people emigrate

Question 13

immigration

Answer 13

people arriving in their destination country

Question 14

emigration

Answer 14

people leaving their country of origin

Question 15

cumulative causation

Answer 15

the process of self sustaining economic growth in a city or region, triggered by an initial investment which acts as a catalyst for further development

Question 16

globalisation

Answer 16

the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world economically, socially, politically and culturally

Question 17

diaspora

Answer 17

the spread or dispersion of people from their country of origin

Question 18

migrant remittances

Answer 18

money sent home by migrants to family members in their country of origin

Question 19

push factor

Answer 19

negative factors in a migrant’s country of origin

Question 20

pull factor

Answer 20

perceived advantages to a migrant of their destination country

Question 21

nation state

Answer 21

a political community bound together by citizenship and nationality

Question 22

nation

Answer 22

• a group of people who self identify as belonging to a group or community
• may be characterised by political or religious ideas, language, territory of culture

Question 23

sovereignty

Answer 23

• absolute and unlimited power and authority
• in the uk, parliament is sovereign
• one of the main anti eu arguments stems from the threat of eu laws having sovereignty over parliament
• nations are reluctant to surrender sovereignty to international bodies

Question 24

features of a nation

Answer 24

• self identifying community that doesn’t necessarily have sovereignty
• not necessarily recognised by the international community
  not necessarily possessing a state (eg Kurds)
• defined territory not needed
• nations can live in more than one state

Question 25

features of state

Answer 25

- political entity with sovereignty - recognised by the international community - could contain more than one nation (eg the uk) - defined territory needed - states cannot cross the boundaries into other states - a state can have sovereignty of absolute power over somewhere and conflict is often based on competing claims (eg Falkland Islands, Kashmir)

Question 26

the four elements a state must have

Answer 26

1. permanent population 2. functioning and effective government 3. defined territory 4. recognition by other nation states

Question 27

examples of nations that are not nation states

Answer 27

- Wales - Scotland - Bretons (France) - Bavarians (Germany)

Question 28

what barriers prevent nations becoming nation states

Answer 28

- cultural differences - government corruption - undefined territory - transient population

Question 29

causes of failed states

Answer 29

- failed governments as a result of colonialism - war (can cause famine) - lack of sovereignty - lack of control of their own natural resources

Question 30

effects of failed states

Answer 30

- civil war - poverty - lack of social services and infrastructure - ethnic cleansing - lack of focus on sustainability - houses and businesses destroyed

Question 31

responses to failed states

Answer 31

- un interventions - ngos - emergency responses (health, food, clean water)

Question 32

Tuvalu (island on the front line of climate change)

Answer 32

- increased frequency in flooding - likely uninhabitable by 2050 - 1/3 of Tuvaluans live in New Zealand - salt water is killing crops and destroying fertile land, most food has to be exported and is too expensive - they may loose their culture, way of life and language therefore by extension their identity

Question 33

globalisation flows - information, technology and capital

Answer 33

- cheap, reliable and near instantaneous communication globally allows information and capital to be shared - money flows electronically around the world, HICs invest in LICs to take advantage of cheaper production costs - technology largely ignores political boundaries when connecting people - countries (eg india) provide a range of financial and IT services for HICs (outsourcing)

Question 34

globalisation flows - products and labour

Answer 34

- global transport systems have never been cheaper and more efficient in moving people and goods - tourists travel to far away places and are encouraged by global marketing - people move around the world for employment (eg specialist workers) - high speed rail networks and international transport hubs

Question 35

globalisation flows - patterns of production, distribution and consumption

Answer 35

- TNCs dictate where their products are made, it is usually where labour costs are cheaper in LICs - products are distributed around the world to meet the demand of consumers in HICs

Question 36

globalisation flows - services and global marketing

Answer 36

- TNCs use the same adverts to advertise their products in different parts of the world marketing is now globalised, it uses international strategies to deliver inter continental imagery and messages - services follow the flows of capital, information, people and products

Question 37

globalisation flows/effects

Answer 37

- the world has never been more accessible; there are new opportunities and threats (eg the spread of disease) - global financial systems: banks and financial services operate globally, they are linked together by vital transmission systems that allow the lending and flow of money - Eg the 2007 collapse of US house prices led to a credit squeeze and the a global banking crisis - trade agreements without global trading rules, would resist some foreign exploits whilst favouring others (eg WTO 1994) security: as national barriers become less of a barrier to a more mobile and well informed population, trading security measures have been reduced in relative significance - high profile leaks of sensitive information have brought the issue of cyber security to prominence due to a reliance on information systems - in the uk, the average cost of the most severe online security breaches for big corporations start at £15million