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Globalisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Globalisation

Giddens

A

Globalisation is the process of growing interconnectedness between countries

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2
Q

Globalisation

Harvey

A

Space-time compression, geological distances and time zones are no longer important

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3
Q

Global village

McLuhan

A

Global village

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4
Q

Virtual communites

Virtual communities

A

Online groups of people who share interests and build relationships without necessarily being physically near to one another

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5
Q

Virtual communities

Carter

A

Studied CyberCity, found it was positive for building relationships, lots of online relationships formed and became offline relationships

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6
Q

Virtual communities

Ginsburg

A

Virtual communities offer support networks for those living with disabilities who may not be able to meet in real life

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7
Q

Virtual communities

Nakamura

A

Virtual communities have been good for muted groups, particuarly ethnic minority women as it has given them a voice

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8
Q

Virtual communities

Boelstorff

A

Virtual communities can be liberating but lack of regulation is damaging people’s relationships and mental health- second life add on

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9
Q

Virtual communities

Hughes

A

Provided another platform for patriarchal oppression

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10
Q

Virtual communities

Van Dijk

A
  • Identity and community have been shaped by both virtual communities
  • Teenagers can no longer imagine organising their social lives without social media
  • News organisations depend on Twitter for breaking news stories
  • Pop stars are being scouted on YT rather than real life
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11
Q

Media convergence

Media convergence

A

Range of different kinds of information can be delivered in one format

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12
Q

Media convergence

Boyle

A

Process of digitalisation allows media convergence to take place, forms of media can now be accessed on one device

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13
Q

Media convergence

Fairweather & Rogerson

A

Media convergence and the digital revolution has led to homogenisation:
- Computer software is western based
- Advertising generated by west is broadcasted globally
- Media companies are owned by few
- Advertising generated by west is broadcasted globally

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14
Q

Marxism positive

Castells

A

DSM has decentralised the power of communication as it is now organised horizontally

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15
Q

Marxism positive

Kirkpatrick

A

Social media makes it possible to mobilise huge numbers of people instantly - Facebook seen as a catalyst for revolution in Columbia, organised 10 million people in street demonstrations + London riots

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16
Q

Marxism negative

Cornford and Robins

A

Ownership of media companies is concentrated in the hands of a few major TNCs, new means of production

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17
Q

Marxism negative

Fuchs

A

Usage of technology reinforces inequality as there is a digital underclass, digital technology strengthens the power of the bourgeoisie

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18
Q

Marxism negative

Miliband

A

Social media sites focus on non-critical issues like identity, entertainment and consumption

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19
Q

Marxism negative

Surveillance

A
  • Advancements in technology are a new form of surveillance the bourgeoisie can use to control the proletariat
  • Snowden CIA leak
  • News of the World phone hacking
  • Cookie/ data collection
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20
Q

Feminism positive

Ikamara Larasi

A

Protested online for the banning of sexist song “Blurred Lines”

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21
Q

Feminism positive

Haraway

A

Women can create new forms of identity online which are not bound by traditional ideas due to anonymity

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22
Q

Feminism positive

Nakamura

A

Women from a range of ethnic minorities are gaining increasing presence online, enabling them to unite

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23
Q

Feminism positive

Bates

A

Everyday sexism project allows victims to share experiences and access support online

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24
Q

Feminism positive

Cochrane

A

DSM encourages women to build popular and reactive feminist movements

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25
# Feminism positive Malala
Spoke under a male profile to raise awareness for lack of female education
26
# Feminism positive Boelstorff
People in second life were not bound by their real gender when selecting their avatar
27
# Feminism negative Women in STEM
Women are underrepresented in STEM, 31% of workforce and 21% of technological workforce
28
# Feminism negative Hughes
DSM offers new ways in which patriarchal ideology can exert control over women e.g buy a bride
29
# Feminism negative Arlaccki
Exploitation has been one of the most undesirable consequences of globalisation
30
# Feminism negative NSPCC
1/6 People online experienced harrassment under 18
31
# Feminist negative Mulvey
Women are sexulised in the media through the male gaze
32
# Feminism negative Incels
Share patriarchal ideology online, sexist/ sexually violent views towards women
33
# Postmodernism Collins
Individuals have different identities based on platform and onffline and online
34
# Postmodernism Baudrillard
People now find it difficult to distinguish between real life and digital versions of reality
35
# Postmodernism Case
Constant uploading of information to DSM which cannot be removed may cause problems later on in life
36
# Postmodernism Foucault
- Surveillance is the best way of regulating behaviour and reducing crime - A person who knows they are being watched is less likely to commit a crime
37
# Identity Hart
People use social media to construct social identity and the they want to project out into the world
38
# Postmodernism Bjorklund
People defame themselfs by their digital autobiography
39
# Identity- Communicating Van Dijk
People are fond of mass self-communication because they believe disclosing information about personal life is linked to popularity
40
# Identity- Communicating Turkle
Internet social networks free people of the burdens of physical identities identities, allows them to present a better version of themselfs
41
# Identity- Creating Ellison
Individuals are able to adopt multiple online personalities
42
# Identity- Creating Hart
People use social media to construct the social identity they want to put out into the world
43
# Identity- Age Turkle
- Internet social networks free people of the burdens of pysical identities, allow them to present a better version of themselves - Young peoples are teathered to devices, has weakened ability to create independant sense of self
44
# Identity- Age Gardner & Davis
- Young people are able to construct socially desireable selfs online - Adopt ficticious identities on different sites - Take time to uphold identity, identity performance
45
# Identity- Age Twenge
Fear of negative reaction to their identity is producing rising levels of anxiety, sadness and isolation among teenagers
46
# Identity- Age Shaw & Gant
Psycological health of internet users improved, decreased levels of loneliness and depression
47
# Identity- Disability Ginsburg
- Digital video activism- discuss exxperiences - Support networks- Disability Rights UK - Able body avatars- removes disability online
48
# Identity- Gender Haraway
Women can create new forms of identity online which is not bound by traditional gender ideas, preventing prejudice
49
# Inequalities- age Boyle
- Each successive generation is becoming icreasingly reliant on digital communication, created digital generation divide, due to different access and use of DSM - Younger people more receptive to learning new skills - Younger people place more importance on peer group and social network
50
# Inequalities- age Berry
Psycological barriers to older people using the internet as they cannot identify with much of the content
51
# Inequalities- age Prensky
Young are digital natives as internet is their natural environment,
52
# Inequalities- global World bank
75% World's population had access to a mobile phone
53
# Inequalities- class Helsper
Digital underclass - Knowledge gap created due to information explosion - Social networks dependant on digital communication - Education for children relies on access to the internet - Lack of social capital - People feel inferiour
54
# Inequalities- gender Global data and statistics
- Female users more prominent on Snapchat, Pinterest and Tik Tok - Male users more prominent on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Youtube
55
# Inequalities- gender Li & Kirkup
- Men more likley than women to use email and chat rooms - Men played more computer games on consoles than women
56
# Inequalities- gender Ofcom
- Average weekly internet access adult males: 23.3 hours, adult females: 17.8 hours - Women more likely to use social media 67% to 60%
57
# Relationships- positive Granovetter
Strength of a relationship can be measured by - Amount of time spent together - Emotional intensity - Level of intimacy - Degree of reciprocity - Strong ties origionate in family and offline relationships - Online ties are weak
58
# Relationships- positive Gardner & Davis
Internet has enabled relationships as they transcend geographical and temporal barriers, allow for immediate communication
59
# Relationships- positive Miller
Social media is being used to initiate romantic relationships but can also cause it to breakdown
60
# Relationships- positive Ofcom
- 1 in 10 adults use dating websites - 69% of users are men
61
# Relationships- positive Carter
Studied cyber city, found it was positive for building relationships, any became offline relationships
62
# Relationships- negative Turkle
Alone togetherness- people are in the same room but using devises to communicate with each other
63
# Relationships- negative Vincent
Twitter effect describes how online related conflicts is leading to relationship breakdowns - Conflict over time spent online - Conflict over posts/ likes
64
# Relationships- negative Granovetter
- Removal of weak online ties can do more damage than the removal of a weak tie - Removal of an strong offline tie can be replaced with a weak online tie but when a weak online tie is removed it cuts off communication
65
# Relationships- negative Turkle
- Virtual communities are increasingly replacing real communities - Familiy members spending more time interacting with gadgets is the norm
66
# Relationships- negative Livingstone
Children today communicate more with the virtual world than adult menbers of their family
67
# Social change Howard
Online communities of American fundamentalist groups were being created but has no physical leader or place of worship to attend
68
# Social change- feminism Cochrane
DSM encouraces women to build popular and reactive feminist movements
69
# Social change- feminism Malala
Spoke under a male profile to raise awareness for lack of female education
70
# Social change- feminism Nakamura
Women from a range of ethnic backgrounds are gaining increasing presence online, enabling the to unite
71
# Cultural homogenisation Fairweather & Rogerson
media convergence led to homogenisation - Computer software not glocalised - Advertising generated by the west and broadcasted globally - Universal definition of antisocial behaviour online reflects western ideas of morality and deviance - Media companies owned by few people have become our agenda setters
72
# Cultural homogenisation Hall
3 Responces to globalisation
72
# Cultural homogenisation The world bank
55% of the internet is written in English
73
# Cultural homogenisation McLuhan
World is a global village due to globalisation and the digital revolution
74
# Cultural homogenisation Harvey
Space-time compression- geological distances and time zones are no longer important
75
# Cultural defence Contemporary examples
- In China access to DSM is contolled by the state - France limited distribution of foreign media, can only shown small number of American films and must show a certain number of French films- 40% - Al Jazeera TV channel set up for Arabic world
76
# Cultural Defence Mohammadi
Cultural homogenisation has been exaggerated, interactions between the global and the local is ignored
77
# Cultural Defence Miller
Facebook is used differently between Britain and Trinidad, where it is called Fasbook and used as a dating site
78
# Glocalisation Glocalisation
Global companies adapt products for global markets s e.g change of McDonalds menu around the world
79
# Cultural defence Hall
3 responses to globalisation
80
# Conflict & revolution Castells
- Media used to be vertically organised with the borgeosie creating all the media - DSM has now beem decentralised ans is horizontally organised as anyone can create content
81
# Conflict & revolution Kirkpatrick
Facebook effect - Social media makes it possible to mobilise huge numbers of people - Facebook used as a catylst for revolution in Columbia
82
# Conflict & revolution Contempory examples
- Arab spring - London riots
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