Globalisation

Question 1

How does Giddens, 1990 define globalisation?

Answer 1

Intensification of worldwide social relations which make distant events have local consequences

Question 2

How does Gilpin, 2001 define globalisation?

Answer 2

‘The integration of the world economy.’

Question 3

What is the economic definition of globalisation?

Answer 3

A closer integration of:

• national goods,
• services,
• labour,
• capital markets
• More competition
• Increased speed, density & complexity of integration

Question 4

How can globalisation be defined on a global, more social level?

Answer 4

The rise of non-state actors (international organizations, global firms, NGOs, “civil society”)

Question 5

What is the change of world exports in terms of a GDP percentage between 1990 and 2010?

Answer 5

19%-32%

Question 6

How is globalisation often measured?

Answer 6

• GDP change
• Migration levels (movement of labour)
• Internet access

Question 7

What are the advantages of globalisation?

Answer 7

• Reduced no of people living in poverty as of 2011 (World Bank)
• Cheaper costs of travel (affordable, better competition within markets structures, easy access to markets for start-up businesses)
• Media (24 hour coverage, live updates)

Question 8

What are the disadvantages of globalisation?

Answer 8

• Cheaper costs of travel (Although affordable, this is bad for the environment! #progreta)
• Media
  - TOO much media,
  - important things get overwhelmed by crappy US shite,
  - we become desensitised to violence aka the picture of Sallas body and that isis woman being beheaded; constructivism - we associate said countries with violence because that’s all we see!
• Globalisation spreds Western values and maybe white washes? Imposition of the Western identity
• Decline of language

Question 9

What causes globalisation according to A. Walter, 2012?

Answer 9

• Technology

- Policy liberalisation

Question 10

What produces policy liberalisation according to A. Walter 2012?

Answer 10

• Absence of economic depressions and great power wars
• Keynsian economics, 30’s (long run aggregate supply)
• Social democracy

Question 11

What does globalisation mean in terms of International Relations? (not great)

Answer 11

• Questions realism and state primary
• Media affects how governments handle situations and how quickly they react
• Global diffusion of norms, more liberalism?
• Should there automatically be more complex interdependence just because of the increase in interconnectness?
• More hegemony of ideas

Question 12

What does globalisation mean in terms of International Relations? (not bad)

Answer 12

• Political activity is more inclusive
• Global issues are a thing
• News is interconnected
• Knowledge is more largely available

Question 13

What are the PROBLEMS of globalisation?

Answer 13

• Inequality- The gap between the richest and the poorest 20 percent of the world has increased to 86:1 and rising (UN Development Programme)
• Cultural Homogenisation- are we all becoming too similar (‘lost’ languages, McDonalds instead of local cuisine!)
• Democracy- How do we assert democratic control over powerful transnational forces? See for example current surveillance debate- possible because of spread of internet and cell phones
• Human Rights- people trafficking, gender issues, working conditions- serious problems