3.4 what are the pros of the global shift for the east?
- investment in infrastructure
- reduction in poverty
- more urban income
- improved education
3.4 cons of the global shift for the east
- loss of productive farmland for industrialisation
- increased informal housing
- pollution and health issues
- land degradation
- over-exploitation of resources
- loss of biodiversity
3.4 how are deindustrialised regions facing social and environmental problems due to economic restructuring
DERELICTION: industrial land abandoned
CONTAMINATION: from remaining chemical waste or domestic has and coal
UNEMPLOYMENT, DEPOPULATION, DEPRIVATION: inner cities have extreme decline- they are run down and low cost. many unemployed people on benefits move there- pockets of deprivation.
CRIME: increased dramatically, Detroit has second highest murder rate in all of US cities
3.4 Detroit deindustrialisation case study causes
US city in Michigan, experienced immense decline when three car companies relocated (ford, chrysler, and general motors). used to be known as motor city but automotive decentralisation.
3.4 Detroit deindustrialisation case study impacts
- population more than halved between 1970 and 2015
- 2014 poverty rate 38%
- 2014 2nd highest murder rate in any US city
- 10.7% unemployment rate
3.4 high wage migration
Russian Oligarchs in London
incredibly affluent migrants with lots of political power. many have bought homes in wealthy boroughs and have controlling interests in major EU companies.
one third of all purchases of residential property from 2004-2014 was by Russians
3.4 low wage migration
Indians and Pakistanis in UAE
over 2 million Indians and 1.4 million Pakistanis live in the UAE. They make up 60-70% of the working population. Mostly in construction, manual, transport industries. many work 12 hour days earning around $5. entry visas are bound to manual work so risk deportation when contract ends. think qatar world cup
3.4 migration- benefits for source country
- remittance payments trigger multiplier effect
- reduced unemployment rates
- returning migrants transfer skills
- reduced environmental pressure
3.4 migration- benefits for host country
- skill gaps filled
- low wage migrants fill labour gaps
- multiplier effect
- balance on ageing population and dependency ratio
3.4 migration- costs for source country
- brain drain
- demographic imbalance of dependency ratio
- depopulation leading to dereliction
3.4 migration- costs for host country
- xenophobia
- political radicalisation
- depressed wages
- strain on services
3.4 what is cultural diffusion
the spread of one culture into another by various means, culture is spread by TNCs, media, tourism, migration
3.4 how do TNCs influence cultural diffusion
- provide foreign goods and services
- promote consumerism
- increase brand awareness and western values
- introduce western practices and corporate culture
- replace traditional industries
- glocalisation
3.4 how does media influence cultural diffusion?
- dominated by western TNCs e.g. Disney
- focus on western news stories
3.4 how does tourism and cultural diffusion
- dominated by western people who have the income to enjoy luxury holidays
- increases consumption and demand for western goods in other countries
- demand services and products in resorts that replace traditional ways of life
- spread views and language
3.4 how does migration influence cultural diffusion
- transfer of cultural practices and beliefs
- spread of religion
- food
- language
- fashion
3.4 pros of cultural diffusion
- best parts of culture shared
- more freedom in way of life
- new opportunities for disadvantaged groups
- not homogenous but hybrid
- more inclusivity
3.4 cons of cultural diffusion
- cultural erosion: loss of language, tradition, diversity
- western values clash dramatically leading to tension
- tension between generations
- clash with authoritarianism
- nations may isolate to preserve their culture like N korea
3.4 cultural erosion in papua new guinea
KAROWAI TRIBE
primarily hunter gatherers who catch fish from the Becking River. first contact in 1974. spread of western culture, education in indonesian, sugary drinks and beer available, cannibalism eradicated, erosion of traditional pig skin drum music, don’t wear loin cloths but now wear football shirts.
3.4 how does france protect its culture
subsidise films in french
40% of tv output and radio songs must be french
3.4 how does china protect its culture
great firewall of china- prevents users from using BBC or facebook. 34 foreign films a year. argest number of imprisoned journalists and cyber dissidents in the world. government has 60 internet regulations and BBC estimates 2 million people are monitoring the internet for the Chinese gov. block or restrict website content and access to individuals.‘If you open the window for fresh air, you have to expect some flies blow in’ – communist party will do some fly swatting of rival ideologies and political ideas.
