Globalisation & Migration

Question 1

how do TNCs create a more globalised economy? (5)

Answer 1

1. increase production capacity & create commodity chains = more flow of goods internationally bc produced in several countries & sold in international retail markets
2. investment by TNC into host countries – increase employment opportunities & increased migrant workers e.g. Apple designed in California & produced in China
3. TNC investment in host countries = positive multiplier effect = improve transport infrastructure = increase international trade & tourism
4. digital revolution, long-distance data transfer = easier for businesses to operate internationally
5. TNCs’ international markets makes more people aware of brands & products, which is globalisation & electrical products increase interconnectivity

Question 2

how does colonial history affect geopolitics?

Answer 2

1. British Empire controlled East India Company during 17th century
2. Navigation Act ensured commodity trade b/w British colonies only happened with British seamen
3. by 1700s, Britain and greater population & had industrialised its economy

Question 3

how has Brexit/leaving EU affected UK trade?

Answer 3

1. UK has greater imports than exports = trade deficit
2. increasing UK-USA trade relationship - 26% increased exports to USA
3. almost half UK exports go to EU
4. UK bilateral trade relationship with India

Question 4

how has geopolitics affected migration to UK?

Answer 4

Empire Windrush brought Jamaican immigrants to fill UK’s post-WW2 labour shortage
British Nationality Act gave citizenship to people from commonwealth countries
Immigration Act but home office didn’t issue papers to Windrush Generation
Stricter controls = Windrush face deportation
EU free movement
Post-Brexit points-based immigration system

Question 5

what are negative impacts of migration on host country?

Answer 5

strain on economy & resources
reduce job availability
social issue - poor behaviour of teen immigrants
language barrier
social tension as some areas have never experienced immigration = persecution e.g. anti-Polish graffiti

Question 6

define alternative tourism

Answer 6

individually planned trip with activities to gain first-hand experience & knowledge about the local culture & environment

Question 7

how are CO2 emissions from flights & tourism a problem & how is it sustainably managed?

Answer 7

aviation causes 1billion tonnes of CO2 emissions per year
8% CO2 emission relate to tourism

carbon offsetting (spending money to make up for CO2 emissions = supports clean energy projects)
e.g. gold standard donate to projects e.g. afforestation in Panama