What conditions are at the root of the inequalities in health.
Conditions in which people:
Live
Work
Are born
Grow
Age
Global health challenges are interdependent, transnational in nature and trans institutional in solution. Explain.
- Interdependent: improvement or deterioration in one makes it easier or harder to address the other challenges.
- Transnational in nature: can’t be addressed by a single government acting alone.
- Trans institutional in solution: requires collaborative action among NGOs, organizations institutions, individuals, governments, etc.
What are the global influences on health?
- Demographic and social changes.
- Environmental and climate changes
- Economic changes.
Demographic changes that affect health
- Aging
- Population growth
- Urbanization
- Increased mobility
- Family structure
Environmental influences on health
- Land and water resources. i.e. use, degradation, depletion.
- Energy security
- Ecosystem disturbances
- Climate change
Social changes that influence health.
- Cultural change and diffusion.
- Governance
- Institutions
- International codes, treaties and relations.
Economic influences on health.
- Trade and capital mobility
- Wealth distribution
- Wealth creation
- Labour conditions
- International aid
- International financial stability
What is causing the emergence of new infections? Mostly viral ones.
- Human demographics & behaviour.
• war and famine
• international travel & commerce
• PH measures
• adoption of exotic animals - Changing ecosystems due to climate and weather.
- Microbial adaptation & change.
• zoonosis
• mutations/ recombination in preexisting viruses
How to respond to global challenges.
- Interact with policymakers & professionals
- Policy development by national and international organizations.
- Funding and prioritization
- Social determinants of health
- Education, governance and capacity building.
What is globalization in relation to the economy?
The process of greater integration of movement of goods, services, labour, capital and tech across countries which leads to economic decisions in one country being influences by global conditions.
Or a global market place.
What are SDH?
Social determinants of Health.
These are conditions in which people live and work that affect their opportunities to lead healthy lives.
Initial report of HIV/ AIDS
• June 5, 1981 : 5 cases of PCP in gay men in Los Angeles, California.
• All 5 had confirmed previous/ current cytomegalovirus (CMV) & candidal mucosal infection.
• Two died.
Mention at least 3 diseases/ viruses that have been a global concern in the recent past.
- HIV
- Ebola
- H5N1
- MERS
- SARS
