What do the Kayapo ppl illustrate?
they are an indig ppl and indig ppl illustrate better than anyone that we live in an increasingly global world.
What have the Kayapo ppl been fighting?
the encroachment on their lands for logging, ranching, mining, and hydroelectric dams since the 70s. a dam in the Xingu River was awaiting funding by the world bank, when the kayapo traveled to washington so speak out against it, and the world bank deferred the loan in the 1980s. by the 2010s the balance of global economic power had shifted, and china was now funding the dam.
What are the theories about global relationships?
phase 1: cold war - US vs USSR, fears of nuclear war, decolonization, modernization vs dependency theories. phase 2: post cold war - breakdown of 1st/2nd/3rd world system. change and instability, triumph of neoliberalism.
What is the modernization theory?
a cold war theory that assumed problems in the former colonies were growing pains. economic turmoil was seen as necessary for social development. the key to economic success for former colonies seen as imitation of practices of 1st world nations. lynchpin of western donor policy from 1960s onwards.
What is the dependency theory?
latin americans noted that over a century of independence had not led to success. they theorized that no amount of imitation will help former colonies bc they have no colonies of their own.
What is the world-system theory?
developed by Immanuel Wallererstein. its an economic rather than a political system. the syst was divided into core, periphery, and later semi-periphery. the core exploits the periphery, and the semiperiphery has accumulated enough capital that it becomes an intermediary. the only way out of the sys is to move to another category or overthrow it. started in 15th/16th century when euro capitalism was emerging. so the core was euro power and later its colonies. the periphery is countries with laborers supplying lots of resources with a low standard of living.
What is globalization?
the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. also the reshaping of local conduits by powerful global forces on an ever intensifying scale thats uneven at best.
What does arjun appadurai think of the syst?
doesnt htink theres much system in the world system.
What does jonathan friedman think of the syst?
thinks the lack of system is a sign of the breakdown of western global hegemony.
What does Wallerstein think about the syst?
though that the system was on its way out. so thinks the capitalist world syst is facing collapse.
What are the 5 scapes of globalization identified by arjun appadurai?
ethnoscapes, technoscapes, ideoscapes, financescapes, mediascapes.
What is an ethnoscape?
flow of ppl across boundaries/borders. refers to migrants and refugees, but also tourists. tourism is one of the fsatest growing commercial sectors globally. puts ppl from diff parts fo the world who would normally never encounter one another, into close contact. these relationships can be economically beneficial but can also be characterized by unequal power relationships and ignorance.
What is a technoscape?
flows of technology across borders/boundaries. ex is the iphone. ppl line up for the latest iphone, high demand nakes for an intense production process. labour conditions are poor. revenue affects international distribution of wealth.
What is an ideoscape?
flow of ideas across borders/ social media. missionaries in the amazon. just bc pl are exposed to ideas, doesnt mean they will take them on. even when ppl adopt these ideas what they do with them can be unexpected.
What is financescape?
flow of money across borders. this has been ongoing for centuries but in recent yrs it has accelerated dramatically.
What is a mediascape?
flow of media across borders. ie news, movies, tv, music, books, internet, etc. in the past it could take wks or mths for news or entertainment to travel from one place to another. in 1755 it took 3 wks for news of the great lisbon earthquake to reach london england which was considered very fast. the invention of the telegraph, the telephone, and the internet has changed out lives.
What is cultural imperialism?
during the cold war, ppl spoke of this global spread of images, ppl, things, and ideas as cultural imperialism. ppl assumed that western cultures would dominate other cultures, leading to global cultural homogenization. the problem with this theory is that it assumes non westerners have no agency. sometimes cultural forms move in the oppo direction, and sometimes they move from one nonwestern place to another, bypassing the west entirely. so assumes that ppl would replace thier culture with west instead of just integrating it. can spread ideas but doesnt mean that they are gonna be accepted.
What is glocalization?
the adaptation of global ideas into locally palatable forms.
What is the mcdonalds example of glocalization?
mcdonalds caters to local tastes, but locals may interpret this differently than mcds intends - ppl used as a place to get snacks since they didnt serve rice, also used for dates.
Whats the ecuadorian weavers example of glocalization?
capitalizeed in their success in the global markets by organizaing small firms and buying tvs to entertain weavers. women were encouraged to weave and purchased cookers to reduec time in the kitchen, increased exposure to advertising and news.
what are the advantages of globalization?
mediascapes hae made ppl in the global north increasingly aware of social injustices elsewhere. protest mvmts and social media campaigns have spread around the world. support for victims of humanitarian crises and disasters is made possible though spread of new technologies in the technoscape. new ethnoscapes result as ppl volunteer their labour in disaster zones.
What are the disadvantages of globalization?
it causes as many problems as it solves. climate change, epidemic diseases like covid and AIDS - had been around for a while in africa but then emerged quickly in the 80s. neoliberalism has been a double edged sword at best (a capitalist ideal of privatization). increased inequality had made ppl vulnerable to radicalization. xenophobia, racism, sexism, and homophobia are on the rise as ppl search for scapegoats for economic woes.
What is the life and debt example?
what happened in jamaica when they took out large loans. deregulated and privatized industries, explores how it affected their industries. completely destroyed dairy industry.
