Globalization

Question 1

Globalization:

Answer 1

• consolidation of the whole world into one space
• compression of the world and the increased sense of one world
• balance and blend between homogenization and differentiation, integration and disintigration, unification and diversification

Question 2

How did globalization happen?

Answer 2

• TNC
• international capital
• neoliberal economies
• deregulation of markets and free trade zones

Question 3

Homogenization:

Answer 3

• similar economic/political system globally
• large TNCs operate globally with similar look and feel
• products available globally

Question 4

Diversification:

Answer 4

• niche/boutique marketing
• cultural inflections on products
• multicultural society: anything you want is available

Question 5

Globalization processes have been greatly facilitated by _____ _____.

Answer 5

communications technologies

Question 6

Globalization encompasses numerous spheres:

Answer 6

• political
• economic
• cultural
• social

Question 7

Sport is perhaps the most powerful ____ ____.

Answer 7

global phenomenon

Question 8

Globalization is not…but is…

Answer 8

• either good or bad

- both good and bad

Question 9

Globalization: the good:

Answer 9

• increased diversity of athletes and increased participation, esp. from smaller countries
• boundary crossing: gender, religious, climate
• increasing opportunities for coaches, athletes, and leaders
• promote peace

Question 10

Globalization: The bad:

Answer 10

• using developing countries to manufacture products
• mobile athletes where country of origin no longer matters
• increased involvement of sport media gathering
• environmental impact

Question 11

Labour issue #1:

Answer 11

• TNCs are complicit in using developing countries’ cheaper labour
• makes us complicit when we buy it
• TNCs argue that they often pay above minimum wage for that country

Question 12

Labour issue #2:

Answer 12

• migration of athletes
• while athletes can benefit personally, developing countries often do not
• emphasis on individualism
• very rarely is the donor country fairly compensated because capitalism demands best bang for its buck

Question 13

When sport is driven largely by ___ and ___ _____, _____ occurs.

Answer 13

• TNCs
• media conglomerates
• commodification

Question 14

Commodification in sports:

Answer 14

• sport/athletes become products
• non-sellable products do not thrive
• sporting diversity and heritage diminishes
• sport changes (rules, commercials, product placement)
• becomes more about the spectacle and less about athletic achievements

Question 15

Circuits of promotion:

Answer 15

• advertising a product in one venue where that venue is itself a product advertised in the original product’s venue
• like mutual back scratching

Question 16

Because sport is a ____ and focused on ____, _____ occur.

Answer 16

• business
• profit
• externalities

Question 17

Externalities:

Answer 17

costs created by but not paid by the sporting bodies and/or owners

Question 18

____ ____ are one significant source of externalities.

Answer 18

environmental costs

Question 19

Why don’t they stop environmental costs?

Answer 19

it costs more to repair damage or not cause it

Question 20

The inconvenient question:

Answer 20

what are we willing to share of our profits/benefits with poorer countries who provide the labour and athletes?

Question 21

Reliance on individuals to “do the ____ ____” likely won’t counterbalance capitalism’s drive for…

Answer 21

• right thing

- uninterrupted capital flow