Gluconeogenesis

Question 1

what 4 enzymes are needed for gluconeogenesis

Answer 1

1. Pyruvate carboxylase (requires pyruvate); (pyruvate to oxaloacetate)
2. PEP carboxykinase (oxaloacetate to phosphoenol pyruvate)
3. fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (fructose 1,6 bisphos to fructose 6 phosphate)
4. glucose 6-phosphatase (glu 6 to glucose)

Question 2

what enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis

Answer 2

fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase

fructose 1,6 bisphosphonate to fructose 6 bisphosphonate

Question 3

what increases activity of fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

Answer 3

1. ATP

Question 4

what two things decrease the activity of fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

Answer 4

1. AMP

2. fructose 2,6 bisphosphatase (indicates glycolysis is running)

Question 5

what increases activity of pyruvate carboxylase (1st step in gluconeogenesis)

Answer 5

Acetyl-CoA (indicates there is energy)

Question 6

what three tissues have glucose 6 phosphatase

Answer 6

1. liver
2. kidneys
3. enterocytes

*muscle cells dont have, so cant release glucose to body once it gets in

Question 7

RBCs and BBB endothelial cell shave what glucose transporter

Answer 7

GLUT 1 –> allows uptake at all times

Question 8

hepatocytes and B cells of pancreas have what glucose transporter

Answer 8

GLUT 2

Question 9

skeletal muscle and adipose have what glucose transporter

Answer 9

GLUT 4 –> requires insulin to uptake glucose

Question 10

neurons and placenta have what kind of glucose tansporter

Answer 10

GLUT 3

Question 11

what kind of transporter takes up fructose from the gI tract

Answer 11

GLUT 5