Glucose control

Question 1

Why can’t glucose pass into cells easily?

Answer 1

Very polar - there are lots of OH groups in periphery

Question 2

What happens when there is excess glucose?

Answer 2

Glycolysis converts to pyruvate
Pyruvate to aCOA
aCOA can enter kerb’s to produce ATP
aCOA is also converted by B oxidation to form FFA
FFA form ketones
Ketones form ketone bodies which dissociate H+ to form acidosis

Question 3

How is insulin released when glucose is high?

Answer 3

Inside B cell, endoplasmic reticulum packages insulin into vesicles where high conc causes crystallisation
This is released by exocytosis when glucose is high

Question 4

What happens when glucose binds to GLUT 2?

Answer 4

ATP -> ADP
K+/ATPase channels close
PM depolarisation
Ca2+ influx causes insulin release