Glucose Intolerance

Question 1

What is metabolic syndrome characterized by?

Answer 1

• Hypertension (BP ≥ 130/85)
• Dyslipidemia (TG > 150, HDL < 50)
• Central obesity (> 35 inches, > 31.5 inches in South Asians)
• Increased fasting glucose level (> 110)

Common in postmenopausal women; 50-85% will have at least 1 feature.

Question 2

What is Type 1 Diabetes?

Answer 2

An autoimmune disease where white beta cells are destroyed by circulating antibodies

83% of cases are adults; can occur at any age, with half of new onset cases diagnosed at age 20 years and older.

Question 3

What are the risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes?

Answer 3

• Genetic susceptibility
• Environmental factors (e.g., weight gain, physical inactivity)
• Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Obesity

These factors contribute to the development of Type 2 Diabetes.

Question 4

How does hormone therapy affect diabetes risk?

Answer 4

Can help attenuate abdominal fat accumulation and weight gain; may reduce the risk for developing diabetes mellitus (DM)

Hormone therapy is often considered in managing metabolic syndrome.