1
Q
What is General Organic Chemistry?
A
Study of electronic effects and reaction behavior of organic molecules
2
Q
Which chapter is the backbone of organic chemistry?
A
General Organic Chemistry
3
Q
What is sigma bond?
A
Bond formed by head-on overlap of orbitals
4
Q
What is pi bond?
A
Bond formed by lateral overlap of orbitals
5
Q
Which bond is stronger sigma or pi?
A
Sigma bond
6
Q
Which bond breaks first in reactions?
A
Pi bond
7
Q
What is electronegativity?
A
Tendency to attract electrons
8
Q
Which element is most electronegative?
A
Fluorine
9
Q
What is inductive effect?
A
Permanent displacement of sigma electrons
10
Q
Inductive effect acts through?
A
Sigma bonds
11
Q
Inductive effect decreases with?
A
Distance
12
Q
Which groups show +I effect?
A
Alkyl groups
13
Q
Order of +I effect?
A
tert-butyl > isopropyl > ethyl > methyl
14
Q
Which groups show −I effect?
A
NO2
15
Q
Order of −I effect in halogens?
A
F > Cl > Br > I
16
Q
Why fluorine has strong −I effect?
A
High electronegativity
17
Q
What is field effect?
A
Through-space electron effect
18
Q
Field effect is stronger than?
A
Inductive effect at short distance
19
Q
What is resonance?
A
Delocalization of pi electrons
20
Q
Resonance requires?
A
Conjugated system
21
Q
What is mesomeric effect?
A
Electron donation or withdrawal via resonance
22
Q
What is +M effect?
A
Electron donation by resonance
23
Q
Examples of +M groups?
A
OH
24
Q
What is −M effect?
A
Electron withdrawal by resonance
25
Examples of −M groups?
NO2
26
Which is stronger inductive or mesomeric?
Mesomeric
27
What is hyperconjugation?
Delocalization of sigma C–H electrons
28
Another name of hyperconjugation?
No bond resonance
29
Hyperconjugation requires?
Alpha hydrogen
30
Which effect stabilizes carbocations most?
Hyperconjugation
31
Which effect stabilizes benzyl carbocation?
Resonance
32
Order of carbocation stability?
3° > 2° > 1° > CH3+
33
Why tertiary carbocation is most stable?
+I effect and hyperconjugation
34
Order of carbanion stability?
CH3− > 1° > 2° > 3°
35
Why alkyl groups destabilize carbanions?
+I effect increases electron density
36
Order of free radical stability?
3° > 2° > 1° > CH3•
37
Which effect stabilizes free radicals?
Hyperconjugation
38
What is electromeric effect?
Temporary pi electron shift
39
Electromeric effect occurs in?
Multiple bonds
40
What is +E effect?
Electron shift towards attacking reagent
41
What is −E effect?
Electron shift away from reagent
42
What is nucleophile?
Electron-rich species
43
Examples of nucleophiles?
OH−
44
What is electrophile?
Electron-deficient species
45
Examples of electrophiles?
H+
46
Lewis acid definition?
Electron pair acceptor
47
Lewis base definition?
Electron pair donor
48
What is acidity?
Ability to donate proton
49
What is basicity?
Ability to accept proton
50
Which is more acidic phenol or alcohol?
Phenol
51
Why phenol is acidic?
Resonance stabilization of phenoxide ion
52
Why alcohol is less acidic?
No resonance stabilization
53
Which effect increases acidity?
−I and −M
54
Which effect increases basicity?
+I
55
Why aniline is less basic than aliphatic amine?
Lone pair delocalization
56
Why pyridine is basic?
Lone pair not involved in aromaticity
57
Why pyrrole is not basic?
Lone pair involved in aromaticity
58
What is aromaticity?
Special stability due to cyclic conjugation
59
Huckel rule?
4n+2 pi electrons
60
Which is aromatic benzene or cyclobutadiene?
Benzene
61
Why cyclobutadiene is antiaromatic?
4 pi electrons
62
Why cyclopentadienyl anion is aromatic?
6 pi electrons
63
What is antiaromatic?
Planar conjugated with 4n pi electrons
64
What is non-aromatic?
Fails any aromatic condition
65
What is resonance hybrid?
Actual structure
66
Why resonance structures are imaginary?
Electrons are delocalized
67
Which carbocation is more stable allyl or ethyl?
Allyl
68
Why allyl carbocation is stable?
Resonance
69
Which carbanion is more stable allyl or ethyl?
Allyl
70
Which effect stabilizes alkene?
Hyperconjugation
71
Which alkene is most stable?
Tetra-substituted
72
Why substituted alkene is stable?
Hyperconjugation
73
What increases nucleophilicity?
Higher electron density
74
Nucleophilicity trend in halides?
I− > Br− > Cl− > F−
75
Why iodide is strong nucleophile?
Large size and polarizability
76
What increases electrophilicity?
Electron withdrawal
77
Why NO2 is strong electrophile?
Positive nitrogen
78
Why alkyl halides show −I effect?
Halogens are electronegative
79
Which effect dominates acidity in carboxylic acids?
Resonance
80
Why formic acid is strongest acid?
No +I effect
81
Which is more acidic chloroacetic or acetic acid?
Chloroacetic acid
82
Why halo acids are strong?
−I effect
83
Which acid is strongest trichloroacetic or dichloroacetic?
Trichloroacetic
84
What stabilizes conjugate base?
Resonance and −I
85
What destabilizes conjugate base?
+I effect
86
Why tertiary amines are most basic in gas phase?
+I effect
87
Why tertiary amines are less basic in solution?
Steric hindrance
88
Which amine is strongest base in aqueous solution?
Secondary amine
89
Why ortho substituted aniline is less basic?
Steric hindrance
90
What is steric effect?
Repulsion due to bulky groups
91
Which effect causes ortho effect?
Steric and field
92
What is ortho effect?
Reduced reactivity due to crowding
93
Which substituents are ortho-para directing?
+M groups
94
Which substituents are meta directing?
−M groups
95
Why NO2 is meta directing?
−M and −I
96
Why OH is ortho-para directing?
+M effect
97
What stabilizes sigma complex?
Resonance donation
98
What destabilizes sigma complex?
Electron withdrawal
99
Why benzene resists addition?
Aromatic stability
100
What breaks aromaticity?
Addition reactions
101
Why benzene undergoes substitution?
Preserves aromaticity
102
What is conjugation?
Alternate single and double bonds
103
Why conjugated systems are stable?
Electron delocalization
104
What is cross conjugation?
Interrupted conjugation
105
Which is more stable conjugated or isolated diene?
Conjugated
106
Why?
Resonance
107
What is homolytic cleavage?
Equal bond breaking
108
What is heterolytic cleavage?
Unequal bond breaking
109
Which cleavage forms carbocation?
Heterolytic
110
Which cleavage forms radicals?
Homolytic
111
Which solvent favors SN1?
Polar protic
112
Which solvent favors SN2?
Polar aprotic
113
Why polar protic solvents stabilize carbocation?
Solvation
114
Why polar aprotic favors nucleophile?
No hydrogen bonding
115
Which reaction needs strong nucleophile?
SN2
116
Which reaction needs stable carbocation?
SN1
117
Which effect stabilizes transition state?
Resonance
118
What determines reaction pathway?
Stability of intermediates
119
Why rearrangements occur?
Formation of stable carbocation
120
Which shift is common hydride or alkyl?
Hydride
121
Why hydride shift occurs?
Greater stability gain
122
What controls orientation in EAS?
Electronic effects
123
What is activating group?
Increases rate
124
What is deactivating group?
Decreases rate
125
Which is stronger +M or +I in aniline?
+M
126
Which effect dominates in nitrobenzene?
−M
127
Why fluorine is deactivating but ortho-para directing?
Strong −I
128
What is reaction intermediate?
Species with finite lifetime
129
What is transition state?
Highest energy point
130
Which is more stable resonance or hyperconjugation?
Resonance
131
Which effect acts at longer distance?
Resonance
132
Which effect is short range?
Inductive
133
Which effect explains acidity trend in halo acids?
Inductive
134
Which effect explains phenol acidity?
Resonance
135
Which effect explains alkene stability?
Hyperconjugation
136
Which effect explains amine basicity?
Inductive + resonance
137
What is GOC mastery?
Ability to predict reactions logically
JEE
flashcards
Decks in class (17)
# Cards
-
Mathematics Tools Chp 1 Shubham10
-
Chem: Structure Of Atom Chp 2224
-
Phy: Units And Dimensions Chp 2446
-
Motion In Plane Basic (Physics)9
-
Motion In A Straight Line Basic (Physics)220
-
Mathematics Chapter 2 SET THEORY200
-
Basic Mathematics200
-
Straight Line100
-
IUPAC Nomenclature180
-
Mechanical Properties Of Fluids83
-
Rotational Motion259
-
Isomerism86
-
KTG And Thermodynamics136
-
Centre Of Mass176
-
Thermal Properties Of Matter163
-
GOC137
-
Solutions Class 12th P.C179
