LICENSING EXAM STARTER PACK > gout > Flashcards

gout Flashcards

(20 cards)

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1
Q

Q: What is gout?

A

A: An inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate crystal deposition due to hyperuricaemia.

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2
Q

Q: Causes of raised uric acid?

A

↓ Renal excretion (most common)
↑ Production (purine metabolism)
Drugs (thiazides, loop diuretics)

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2
Q

Q: How does gout develop?

A

A: Excess uric acid → crystal formation in joints → neutrophil-mediated inflammation.

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2
Q

Q: Risk factors for gout?

A

Male sex
Obesity
Alcohol
Hypertension
CKD
Diuretics

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2
Q

Q: Most common joint affected?

A

A: First metatarsophalangeal joint (podagra)

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3
Q

Q: Role of NSAIDs in gout?

A

A: Reduce inflammation and pain — use if no contraindications.(peptic ulcer,heart failure,hypertension)

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3
Q

Q: Features of acute gout?

A

Sudden severe pain
Red, hot, swollen joint
Often at night

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3
Q

Q: First-line treatment for acute gout?

A

NSAIDs
Colchicine
Corticosteroids

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3
Q

Q: Mechanism of colchicine?

A

A: Inhibits neutrophil migration and inflammatory response.

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4
Q

Q: Key lifestyle advice in gout?

A

Reduce alcohol
Avoid high-purine foods
Weight loss
Hydration

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5
Q

Major adverse effects of colchicine?

A

Diarrhoea
Nausea
Bone marrow suppression (rare)

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6
Q

Q: Target serum uric acid level?

A

A: < 0.3

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7
Q

Q: Mechanism of allopurinol?

A

A: Xanthine oxidase inhibition → ↓ uric acid production.

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8
Q

Q: Serious adverse effect of allopurinol?

A

A: Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (rash, hepatitis, renal failure).

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9
Q

Q: When use febuxostat?

A

A: If allopurinol is contraindicated or not tolerated.

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9
Q

Q: When to start urate-lowering therapy?

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A

A:
Recurrent attacks
Tophi
CKD
Very high uric acid

10
Q

Q: Why give colchicine/NSAID when starting ULT?

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A

A: Prevents acute gout flares during urate lowering.

11
Q

Q: When are steroids used in gout?

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A

A: When NSAIDs and colchicine are contraindicated.

12
Q

Q: Should allopurinol be started during acute gout?

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A

A: No — it can worsen the attack.

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