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gov Flashcards

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1
Q

Appointments

A

The president chooses people for government jobs (cabinet, ambassadors, judges), usually with Senate approval.

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2
Q

Appropriation Bills

A

Laws passed by Congress that provide money for government programs.

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3
Q

Approval Ratings

A

The percentage of people who say they approve of the president’s job performance.

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4
Q

Budget

A

A plan for how the government will spend and collect money each year.

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5
Q

Bully Pulpit

A

The president’s platform to speak out and influence public opinion.

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6
Q

Cabinet

A

The group of heads of executive departments who advise the president.

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7
Q

Checks on Presidential Power

A

Limits on the president from Congress, the courts, and the Constitution.

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8
Q

Chief Legislator

A

The president’s role in influencing laws through proposals, vetoes, and lobbying Congress.

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9
Q

Chief of Staff

A

The president’s top aide who manages White House staff and daily operations.

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10
Q

Commander in Chief

A

The president’s role as the leader of the U.S. armed forces.

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11
Q

Council of Economic Advisors (CEA)

A

A group that advises the president on economic policy.

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12
Q

Delegated Power

A

Powers given to the federal government by the Constitution.

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13
Q

Discretionary Spending

A

Government spending that Congress decides on each year (ex: military).

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14
Q

Divided Government

A

When the president and Congress are controlled by different political parties.

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15
Q

Election Process for Presidents

A

Voters vote in the Electoral College system after primaries and the general election.

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16
Q

Electoral College

A

A system where electors from each state formally vote for the president.

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17
Q

Emergency Powers

A

Extra powers presidents may use during crises or national emergencies.

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18
Q

Entitlements

A

Government programs that guarantee benefits if people meet requirements (ex: Social Security).

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19
Q

Executive Agencies

A

Government organizations that carry out laws and policies.

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20
Q

Executive Agreement

A

An international agreement made by the president without Senate approval.

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21
Q

Executive Office of the President (EOP)

A

Offices that directly help the president manage the government.

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22
Q

Executive Order

A

A rule issued by the president that has the force of law.

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23
Q

Executive Privilege

A

The president’s right to keep certain communications confidential.

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24
Q

Federal Reserve Board

A

The central banking system that manages U.S. monetary policy.

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25
The Federalist No. 70
Essay by Alexander Hamilton arguing for a strong single president.
26
First 100 Days
The early period of a presidency when presidents try to pass major legislation.
27
Fiscal Policy
Government use of taxes and spending to influence the economy.
28
Formal vs Informal Powers
Formal powers come from the Constitution; informal powers come from influence and leadership.
29
Honeymoon Period
Early months when presidents receive strong public and congressional support.
30
Impeachment
The process where the House charges a president with misconduct; the Senate holds the trial.
31
Impoundment of Funds
When a president refuses to spend money Congress has appropriated.
32
Inherent Powers
Powers the president claims based on the Constitution’s grant of executive authority.
33
In-Kind Subsidy
Government aid given in goods/services rather than money (ex: food stamps).
34
Keynesian Economics
Theory that government should increase spending to stimulate the economy during recessions.
35
Lame-Duck Period
Time after an election when the current president is still in office but leaving soon.
36
Line-Item Veto
The ability to veto specific parts of a bill (not allowed for U.S. presidents).
37
Mandatory Spending
Spending required by existing laws (ex: Social Security).
38
Medicare
Federal health insurance program mainly for people 65 and older.
39
Medicaid
Government health insurance for low-income individuals.
40
Midterm Elections
Congressional elections held halfway through a president’s term.
41
Monetarism
Economic theory that controlling the money supply controls inflation.
42
Monetary Policy
Actions by the Federal Reserve to control the money supply and interest rates.
43
National Agenda
Issues the president prioritizes for government action.
44
National Security Council (NSC)
Advises the president on national security and foreign policy.
45
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Helps prepare the federal budget and oversee spending.
46
Override
When Congress passes a law despite a presidential veto with a two-thirds vote.
47
Pardon
The president forgives someone for a federal crime.
48
Pocket Veto
When the president ignores a bill for 10 days while Congress is adjourned, killing the bill.
49
Power of Persuasion
The president’s ability to influence Congress and the public.
50
Presidential Coattails
When a popular president helps members of their party win elections.
51
Presidential Removal Process
A president can be removed through impeachment by the House and conviction by the Senate.
52
Presidential Succession
The order of who becomes president if the president cannot serve (VP first).
53
Press Secretary
The person who communicates with the media for the president.
54
Primary Season
Time when parties choose their presidential candidates through primaries and caucuses.
55
Qualifications to Be President
At least 35 years old, natural-born U.S. citizen, and 14 years a U.S. resident.
56
Rally ‘Round the Flag Effect
Public support for the president increases during national crises.
57
Reserved Powers
Powers kept by the states under the Constitution.
58
Signing Statement
A written comment by the president when signing a bill into law.
59
Social Security
Federal program providing retirement and disability benefits.
60
Supply-Side Economics
Economic theory that lowering taxes and regulations encourages production and growth.
61
State of the Union Address
Annual speech where the president outlines national priorities.
62
Twentieth Amendment
Sets inauguration day (January 20) and shortens the lame-duck period.
63
Twenty-Fifth Amendment
Explains presidential succession and how to replace a vice president.
64
Twenty-Second Amendment
Limits presidents to two terms.
65
Unified Government
When the president and Congress are controlled by the same political party.
66
United States v. Nixon (1974)
Supreme Court case limiting executive privilege and forcing the president to turn over tapes.
67
Veto
The president rejects a bill from Congress.
68
Veto Message
The explanation the president sends Congress when vetoing a bill.
69
Vice Presidency
The vice president serves as president of the Senate and becomes president if needed.
70
War Powers Resolution (1973)
Law limiting the president’s ability to send troops into combat without Congress.
71
White House Staff
Advisors and aides who help the president run the executive branch.
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