GP

Question 1

What is acne vulgaris?

Answer 1

Chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit
the cutibacterium acnes bacteria is felt to play an important role in acne

Question 2

What makes up the pilosebaceous unit (2)?

Answer 2

• Hair follicule
• Sebaceous gland

Question 3

How is acne vulgaris treated?

Answer 3

• Benzoyl peroxide (topical)
• Topical/ oral retinoids
• Topical/ oral antibiotics
• Contraceptive pill (for females)

Question 4

What is an example of an oral retinoid?

Answer 4

Isotretinoin

Question 5

When can isotretinoin not be used?

Answer 5

During pregnancy (teratogenic)

Question 6

Example of oral antibiotic for acne vulgaris?

Answer 6

Lymecycline

Question 7

Example of topical antibiotic for acne vulgaris?

Answer 7

Clindamycin

Question 8

What is an example of an oral contraceptive used for acne vulgaris?

Answer 8

Co-cyprindiol

Question 9

What are the two types of chest infection?

Answer 9

• Pneumonia
• Acute bronchitis

Question 10

How is pneumonia diagnosed?

Answer 10

Usually clinically - crackles on the lungs. This usually corresponds to consolidation on X-ray.

Question 11

How is acute bronchitis treated?

Answer 11

Rest + fluids (unless more severe or immunocompromised)

Question 12

What are some symptoms of acute stress reactions (3)?

Answer 12

• Anxiety
• Flashbacks/nightmares
• Fear/ helplessness

Question 13

How long is the duration of symptoms in an acute stress reaction?

Answer 13

< 1 month

Question 14

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis (4)?

Answer 14

• Itchy nose
• Sneezing
• Blocked nose
• Red watery eyes

Question 15

Allergic rhinitis treatments (2)?

Answer 15

• Antihistamines
• Steroid nasal sprays

Question 16

What are some examples of nasal sprays (3)?

Answer 16

• Beclometasone
• Fluticasone
• Mometasone

Question 17

What is anaemia?

Answer 17

Low concentration of haemoglobin in the blood

Question 18

What are the three types of anaemia?

Answer 18

• Microcytic
• Normocytic (80-100)
• Macrocytic

Question 19

What causes microcytic anaemia (5)?

Answer 19

• Thalassaemia
• Anaemia of chronic disease
• Iron deficiency
• Lead poisoning
• Sideroblastic anaemia

Question 20

What causes normocytic anaemia (5)?

Answer 20

• Anaemia of chronic disease
• Acute blood loss
• Aplastic anaemia
• Haemolytic anaemia
• Hypothyroidism

Question 21

What are the two types of microcytic anaemia?

Answer 21

• Megaloblastic
• Normoblastic

Question 22

What causes megaloblastic anaemia?

Answer 22

B12 or folate deficiency
The nucleus can’t condense

Question 23

What causes normoblastic anaemia?

Answer 23

• Alcohol
• Reticulocytosis (rapid turnover of RBCs)
• Hypothyroidism
• Liver disease
• Drugs (e.g. azathioprine)

Question 24

What are the general signs/ symptoms of anaemia?

Answer 24

• Fatigue
• Pale skin
• Paraesthesia
• Tachypnoea/ tachycardia
• Dizziness