1
Q
Varja Ragas w/ example
A
Raga w/ omitted swaras eg. Mohanam
2
Q
Upanga Ragas w/ example
A
Ragas that are strictly derived from parent ragas eg. Vasantha
3
Q
Bhashanga Ragas w/ example
A
Includes anniya swaras eg. Hamir Kalyani
4
Q
Vakra Ragas w/ example
A
Irregular order eg. Anandabairavi
5
Q
Nishathanthiya Raga w/ example
A
Raga w/ no sancharam beyond Matya Sthayi Nishadam eg. Nathanamakriya
6
Q
Dhaivathanthiya Raga w/ example
A
Raga w/ no sancharam beyond Matya Sthayi Dhaivadam eg. Kuranji
7
Q
Panchamathanthiya Raga w/ example
A
Raga w/ no sancharam beyond Matya Sthayi Panchamam eg. Navaroj
8
Q
Gana Raga features: (3)
A
- Elaborate alapana
- Includes Gana Panchaga Ragas: Nattai, Gowla, Arabi, Varali, Sri
- Vilamba, Madhyama, Duritha kalam
9
Q
Another name for Naya Raga:
A
Rakthi Raga
10
Q
Naya Raga features: (2)
A
- Elaborate alapana
- 3 Sthayis
11
Q
Desiya Raga features: (2)
A
- Sung w/ foreign ragas
- Eg. Kaapi, Chenchuritti, Behag
12
Q
Examples of Suddha Ragas:
A
- Mayamalavagowlai
- Sriranjani
- Arabi
13
Q
Chayalaka Raga features: (2)
A
- Shades of foreign ragas
- Sowrashtram - shades of Sakaravakam
- Saranga - shades of Kalyani
14
Q
Other names for Sangeerna Raga: (2)
A
- Misra Raga
- Sangrama Raga
15
Q
Sangeerna Raga features: (2)
A
- Sancharas of several ragas
- Dwijavanthi - shades of Sahaha, Ketharakowlam, Edukulakamboji
- Ahri - shades of Vakulaparanam, Natabairavi, Thodi
16
Q
Mithra Raga w/ 2 pairs of examples
A
Suffixes are same eg. Mayamalavagowlai, Gowlai, Sriranjani, Sivaranjani
17
Q
Varna features: (5)
A
- Beauty & individuality of raga
- Link between Abhyasa Gana & Sabha Gana
- Brief sahityam
- Devotion, love, greatness of musical patrons
- Usually introductory piece
18
Q
Anga variations of Varnams: (5)
A
- Pallavi
- Anupallavi
- Mukthayi Swara
- Charanam
- Chittai Swara
19
Q
Other names for Charanam: (3)
A
- Upapallavi
- Edukadai Pallavi
- Chittai Pallavi
20
Q
Other name for Chittai Swaras: (2)
A
- Charna Swaras
- Edukadai Swaras
21
Q
Types of Varnams: (4)
A
- Tana
- Pada
- Padajati
- Ragamalika
22
Q
Tana Varnam features: (2)
A
- Sahitya for Pallavi, Anupallavi, Charanam
- Different talas eg. Kanda Thirupuda, Chathustra Ada, Kanda Ada, Misra Jhampa
23
Q
Pada varnam features: (3)
A
- Usually for dance
- Sung in Chowka kalam, Madhyama kalam
- Swara for footwork, Sahitya for abhinaya
24
Q
Other name for Pada varnam:
A
Chowka varnam
25
What are Padajati varnams?
The body of a varnam is a Jathi
26
Ragamalika varnam w/ examples and the ragas in it
Each part is in different raga eg. Navaragamalika
1. Kedaram
2. Shankarabarnam
3. Kalyani
4. Begada
5. Kamboji
6. Yathukalakamboji
7. Bilahari
8. Mohanam
9. Sri
27
Another name for Keerthanai:
Vaidika Ganam
28
Keerthanai features: (7)
- Praising God, beginning for forgiveness from God
- Few sangathis
- Same dhatu
- Only sahityam
- Pallavi, Anupallavi, Charnam
- Sometimes there are multiple Charanam
- Sometimes Charnam and Pallavi have same music
29
Ragamalikai Keerthanas: (2)
- Different ragas for each part
- Sometimes no Anupallavi
30
Swarajathi features: (4)
- Pallavi, Anupallavi, multiple Charnams
- Bhakti, love, courage
- Abhyasa Ganam
- Swara- Sahitya- jathi used for dance
31
Shyama Sastri's swarajathi ragas:
- Bhairavi
- Thodi
- Yathukulakamboji
32
Tana Varnam composers: (6)
- Shyama Sastri
- Pallavi Gopala Ayyar
- Swati Tirunal
- Tiger Varadachariar
- Ponnaiah
33
Pada varnam composers:
- Ramaswami Dikshitar
- Muthuswamy Dikshitar
- Ramaswami Sivan
- Kundrakudi Krishnayyar
- Pallavi Shesayyar
34
Keerthanai composers:
- Arunchala Kaviyarar
- Purandaradasar
- Chinaiah
- Thyagarajah Swamikal
- Papanasam Sivan
35
Swarajathi composers:
- Shyama Sastri
- Shobanadri
- Swati Tirunal
- Chinni Krishna Dasar
- Ponnaiah
36
When was Thyagaraja born?
04/05/1767
37
Who was Thyagaraja's father?
Vina Kalahasti Ayyar
38
At what age had he composed his first song and what was the name?
At 13 he composed "Namo namo Ragavaya" in Desya Todi
39
Who was Thyagaraja's guru?
Venkataramanaya
40
What was the first song he sang at the concert? (2)
- "Janaki Ramana" Suddhasumandhini
- "Dorukuna ituvanti" Bilahari
41
What 3 things is Thyagaraja most widely known for?
- Kritis (700 are available)
- Operas
- Pancharatna group
42
What were the 3 operas composed by Thyagaraja?
- Prahlada Bhakti Vijayam
- Nowka Charitam
- Seetharama Vijayam
43
Thyagaraja was the first composer to do what...
He employed a set of sangathis in every kriti
44
What are the Pancharatna Kritis? (2)
- Deliberate scheme of melody rhythm and words
- All 5 are in Adi Talam
45
Later in his life what did he become and give one example of his disciple?
He sang devotional songs as a Bhagavatha and one of his disciples was Krishna Bhagavatar
46
When did Thyagaraja die?
06/01/1847
47
Who is Papanasam Sivan known as?
The greatest composer of 20th century
48
In what year and city was he born?
Thanjavur in 1890
49
In Trivandrum, what did Papanasam join, what did he gain there and when did this happen?
He joined the Maharaja's Sanskrit College and gained his degree in Vyakarna in 1910
50
How is it thought that Ramaiah (his actual name) got the name Papanasam Sivan?
During his wanderings, he often sang in Papanasam and wore vibhuti, which made him get this name
51
Who was the greatest influence in Papanasam Sivan's life?
Neelakanta Sivan
52
Who did Papanasam ask to be taken in as a disciple and how many years did he assist this person?
He asked Vaidhanatha Aiyar and he assisted him for 7 years going to concerts
53
When and where was Papanasam's first concert?
During the Thyagaraja festival in Tiruvaiyaru in 1918
54
When was the first volume of Papanasam's kritis published?
1934
55
When was Papanasam's second volume published?
1965
56
Compared to the normal number of 100, how many songs did the last volume have?
101 songs
57
What kind of music is in the volumes written by Papanasam? (4)
- Varnam
- Padam
- Kriti
- Ragamalika
58
What was one of the films Papanasam composed music for?
Sita Kalyanam
59
Which 3 awards (titles) was Papanasam given and by who?
- 'Sangita Kalanidhi' granted by the Madras Music Academy
- 'Isai Peraringer' granted by Tamil Isai Sangam
- President's award in 1962
60
When did Papanasam Sivan die?
01/10/1973
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