Independent clause
An independent clause has a subject and verb, and makes a complete thought. Independent clauses are called independent because they can stand on their own and make sense.
Dependent clause
A dependent clause has a subject and verb that don’t make a complete thought. dependent clauses always need to be attached to an independent clause
Simple sentence
One independent clause
Compound sentence
Two or more independent clauses
Complex sentence
One independent clause, plus one or more dependent clauses 
Compound complex sentence
Two or more independent clauses plus one or more dependent clause