Ing
1) Verb is a noun
2) after certain verb, when a verb is the obj: likes and dislikes, (avoid eating sugar) avoid, consider, prefer, adore, don’t mind, hate, love, like, can’t help, can’t imagine, can’t stand, enjoy, fancy, feel like, involve, mind, miss, finish, recommend, suggest
3) after a preposition (I am interested in listening specific lectures/ thinking of doing…)
4) after some common verbs: imagine, keep, go, stop, start, give up, practice
5) nouns + prep + ing
6) some verbs are followed by ing or inf with a change of meaning
7) before, since, while + ing
8) when it is the subject of a sentence
must/can/could/may/might/can’t + inf (without to)
модальный глагол в значении предположения:
must - должно (случиться)
can - может
could/may/might - возможно
can’t - не может
must/can/may/can’t + be + Ving
Модальный глагол для предположения о действии в настоящий момент:
They mast be talking - должно быть
They can be talking - наверное
They may be talking - вероятно
They can’t be talking - не может быть
must/can/may/can’t + present perfect (have v3/ed)
Модальный глагол для выражения предложения о действии в прошлом:
They must have swum in the sea.
They can have swum in the sea.
They may have swum in the sea.
They can’t have swum in the sea.
First conditional
О том, что может произойти в будущем при определенном условии/общие факты:
If present tense, future tense.
If you don’t visit Lin, she won’t be happy.
Future tense: will/won’t/might
Second conditional
Говорим о чем-то, что мы думаем вероятно может произойти/о воображаемых ситуациях:
If past tense, would inf.
The third conditional
О действиях и событиях, которые не произошли в прошлом/о воображаемом результате, последствиях, сожалениях. Ах если бы:
If past perfect, would have v3/ed (past participle).
inf + to
1) adj + inf with to (willing to wait; eager to go; keen to do)
2) nouns + to + inf (a decision to retire)
3) anything, anyone, anywhere, nothing, something
4) after verbs: agree, aim, appear, arrange, manage, expect, hope, learn (how), offer, plan, refuse, tend, want, wish, decide, attempt, fail, hope, afford, promise
5) make/let + object + inf
6) help (to) inf
7) verb + obj + to inf: advice, allow, ask, authorize, encourage, expect, forbid, need, remind, teach (how), tell, want
Ing/inf - with a change of meaning
1) remember/forget
+ing to talk about memories
+inf with to - to say we do or don’t do smth
2) regret
+ing - about something in the past
+inf - just about to do something
3) stop
+ing - when we stop an action
+inf - the reason why
will
We use will to talk about spontaneous plans decided at the moment of speaking. (Я закрою окно. Ой, уроки отменили, я пойду в парк.)
going to
We use going to to talk about plans decided before the moment of speaking. Я собираюсь…
Present Cont. (future aspect)
Can
could
I could sleep less when I was young.
Я могла спать меньше, когда была молодой.
I could walk for miles and miles.
Я могла ходить мили и мили.
= про умение, навык или способность в Past Simple
be able to
I’m able to sing, my throat doesn’t hurt anymore.
Я могу петь, горло больше не болит.