nominative case
subject of sentence/ clause
complement
vocative case
used to directly address someone
preceded by ‘o’ for dignified address
accusative case
direct object in a sentence/ clause
motion towards/ through with the destination being the target jus as the direct object
subject of an infinitive in an indirect statement
accusative of respect/ part affected
genitive case
used for possession
partitive (for part/ some of)
descriptive (genitive of quality)
after certain words/ phrases
in front of the postposition ‘causa’ with the genitive word often being a gerund/ gerundive
dative case
indirect object in a sentence/ clause
advantage/ disadvantage (action for someone/ something)
after certain verbs: eg. appropinquo, credo, faveo, impero, parco, pareo, persuadeo, placet, resisto
possession (object to me/ for me)
agent (norm for gerundive)
predicative (X acts as Y, often accompanied by dative of advantage as Y)
ablative case
