English Language > Grammar > Flashcards

Grammar Flashcards

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1
Q

Grammar

A

The organisation of language

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2
Q

Prescriptivist

A

Someone who focuses on the rules of Grammar and believes in the correct and incorrect

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3
Q

Descriptivist

A

Someone who focuses more on how language is actually used

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4
Q

Morphology

A

Study of word formation

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5
Q

Syntax

A

How lexical words are ordered into phrases, clauses and sentences

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6
Q

Morphemes

A

An element of meaning smaller than a word

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7
Q

Root

A

Most basic part of a word (no prefixes or suffixes)

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8
Q

Prefix

A

A morpheme placed before another

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9
Q

Suffix

A

A morpheme placed after another

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10
Q

Inflectional function

A

When an affix changes the grammatical function of the word but not the meaning

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11
Q

Derivations function

A

When an affix creates a new word with a new meaning

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12
Q

Verb phrase

A

Group of words that surround a verb

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13
Q

Noun Phrase

A

Words that act like a noun around a noun

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14
Q

Head word

A

A word or term placed at the beginning

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15
Q

Pre—modifier

A

A word or phrase that appears before a noun to limit meaning

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16
Q

Post-modifier

A

Used after another word to limit meaning

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17
Q

Quantifier

A

An expression that indicates the scope of a term which is attached

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18
Q

Article

A

Comes before a noun in a sentence

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19
Q

Phrase

A

A group of words that are grammatically connected a defined by its head word

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20
Q

Verb phrase

A

Group of words built around a head verb

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21
Q

Primary auxiliary verb

A

Helps to form different texts
‘be’ ‘do’ ‘have’

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22
Q

Modal verb

A

Indicates a possibility, permission, abbiltiy or willingness

(can, should, will, might, could, should, must, may, shall, ought to, used to, need, dare)

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23
Q

Clause

A

Group of words that contain a subject and a verb that have a relationship

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24
Q

Subject

A

Acts on the verb

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25
Verb
Doing word
26
Object
The entity being acted upon on
27
Complement
An attitude of the subject
28
Adverbial
The circumstance of the verb
29
Active voice
Agent is in subject possession, verb phrase in past or present tense
30
Passive voice
Agent is left out or placed later in the clause uses a propositional phrase
31
Negating particle
A descriptive phrase used to refer to the function or meaning of words and structure that express negation
32
Transitive verb
Refers to a transfer ‘She watches a movie’ watches being the transitive verb
33
Intransitive verb
Verbs that do not need an object to complete the sentence ‘Arrive’ ‘cry’ ‘dance’
34
affix
a letter or group of letters added to the beginning, end, or middle of a word to change its meaning or function
35
head noun
the main noun in a noun phrase, around which other words are built to provide more detail
36
concrete
enoting a material object rather than an abstract quality, state, or action dog, building, tree
37
qualifier
that modifies or limits the meaning of another word, providing more detail or intensity.  open, very, quite, somewhat
38
intensifier
an adverb used to give force or emphasis really, very, extremely
39
mitigator
a person or thing that makes something less severe fairly, rather, quite
40
determiner
a word placed before a noun to clarify its reference, such as its number, quantity, definiteness, or ownership this, that, my, many, some
41
post-modifier
a word, phrase, or clause that comes after a noun to add information or limit its meaning
42
relational verb
connect a subject to more information about it, showing a relationship rather than an action appear, seem, feel, look, become
43
infintive verb
the base form of a verb, usually preceded by the word "to" to swim, to eat, to read
44
modal auxillary verb
a type of helping verb used with a main verb to express concepts like ability, possibility, necessity, and permission can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, must
45
head verb
the main verb that determines the phrase's structure and meaning
46
surbodinating clause
a dependent clause in a sentence that contains a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone because it doesn't make complete sense on its own
47
main clause
a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a complete sentence because it expresses a complete thought
48
surbordinating conjunctions
words that connect a dependent (subordinate) clause to an independent clause in a complex sentence because, although, if, when, since
49
coordinating conjunctions
FANBOYS
50
interrogative
having the force of a question. who, what, when, where, why, how
51
imperative
something that is of vital importance or a verb form used for giving commands, orders, or instructions stop, dont, be quiet
52
exclamatory
expressing surprise, strong emotion, or pain.
53
declartive
make a statement, convey information, or express an idea and end with a period facts, sharing opinions, explanations
54
past tense
used to describe actions or events that have already happened
55
present tense
used to describe actions and states of being that are current, habitual, or have a connection to the present
56
future tense
describes actions or events that will happen in the future
57
present continuous tense
The present continuous tense is formed using a form of be (am, is, are) plus the main verb's present principle (verb + ing) It is used for actions happening now, temporary situations, or planned future events. 
58
future continuous tense
The future continuous tense is formed using the structure  will be + verb -ing  to describe an action that will be in progress at a specific point in the future
59
dynamic verbs
describe an action or an event that has a definite beginning and end, often involving movement or energy walk, run, eat, listen, buy, learn
60
intensive pronoun
a word ending in "-self" or "-selves" that adds emphasis to a noun or another pronoun in a sentence
61
distrubtive pronoun
eferring to each individual of a class, not to the class collectively each, either
62
indictive verbs
verbs in the indicative mood, used for stating facts, opinions, or asking questions moved
63
imperative verb
action words used to give commands, instructions, or directions please, do not, open, run
64
subjunctive verbs
express hypothetical, unreal, or desirable situations like wishes, demands, and suggestions were, be, have, not, pay
65
conditional verbs
express actions or states dependent on a condition, typically using a modal verb like "would," "could," or "might" in a hypothetical or unlikely situation
66
interrogative verbs
describes a verb used in an interrogative mood, which forms a question do, can, is
67
prepositition
a word that links a noun, pronoun, or phrase to another word in a sentence, showing its relationship in terms of time, place, direction, or manner in, on, at, of, to, with
68
verbal verb
verb form used as a different part of speech speaking, whispering, talking
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