1
Q
Compound Adjectives:
The dark red car overtook the dark red bicycle
A
O carro vermelho-escuro ultrapassou a bicicleta vermelho-escura
(Usually only 2nd adj. takes gendered form)
2
Q
Compound Adjectives:
She is Portuguese-Brazilian
A
Ela é luso-brasileira
(Usually only 2nd adj. takes gendered form)
3
Q
Compound Adjectives:
The yellow-orange blouse
A
A blusa amarelo-laranja
(Usually only 2nd adj. takes gendered form)
4
Q
Compound Adjectives:
The dark green trousers are in the cupboard
A
As calças verde-escuras estão no armário
(Usually only 2nd adj. takes gendered form)
5
Q
Articles:
He took off his glasses
A
Ele tirou os óculos
(Definite article > possessive adjective when noun clearly belongs to subject of sentence)
6
Q
Articles:
Put your hand on your head
A
Coloque a mão na cabeça
(Definite article > possessive adjective when noun clearly belongs to subject of sentence)
7
Q
Articles:
She looks like her dad
A
Ela parece com o pai
(Definite article > possessive adjective when noun clearly belongs to subject of sentence)
8
Q
Adjectival Agreement:
I have good memories of Brazil
A
Tenho boas lembranças do Brasil
9
Q
Adjectival Agreement:
The good moments
A
Os momentos bons
10
Q
Adjectival Agreement:
Many cool (i.e. trendy) places
A
Muitos lugares legais
11
Q
Adjectival Agreement:
Kind people
A
Pessoas gentis
12
Q
Adjectival Agreement:
The days were very hot
A
Os dias estavam muito quentes
13
Q
Adjectival Agreement:
The nights are cool this month
A
As noites estão frescas este mês
14
Q
Adjectival Agreement:
The French, German and Spanish tourists
A
Os turistas franceses, alemães e espanhóis
15
Q
Adjectival Agreement:
I learnt some useful words and simple phrases
A
Aprendi algumas palavras úteis e frases simples
16
Q
Adjectival Agreement:
I have two bits of good news
A
Tenho duas boas notícias
17
Q
Singular & plural:
Those items of furniture over there are very old
A
Aqueles móveis são muito velhos
18
Q
Singular & plural:
Can I ask for some information?
A
Posso pedir uma informação?
19
Q
Singular & plural:
The data are wrong
A
Os dados estão errados
20
Q
Singular & plural:
Those scissors don’t cut
A
Essa tesoura não corta
21
Q
Singular & plural:
He took off his shoes
A
Ele tirou o sapato
22
Q
Articles:
He put his hand in his pocket and took out his wallet
A
Ele colocou a mão no bolso e tirou a carteira
(Definite article > possessive adjective when noun clearly belongs to subject of sentence)
23
Q
Comparatives and superlatives:
Rita’s computer was more expensive than Susana’s
A
O computador da Rita foi mais caro (do) que o da Susana
(‘do que’ > ‘que’ when 2nd part of comparison includes a verb; otherwise interchangeable)
24
Q
Comparatives and superlatives:
These apples are better than the ones I bought last week
A
Estas maçãs são melhores (do) que as que comprei na semana passada
(‘do que’ > ‘que’ when 2nd part of comparison includes a verb; otherwise interchangeable)
25
Articles:
I like the red jacket too, but I prefer the green one
Eu gosto da jaqueta vermelha também, mas eu prefiro a verde
26
Articles:
I washed my face and brushed my teeth
Eu lavei o rosto e escovei os dentes
(Definite article > possessive adjective when noun clearly belongs to subject of sentence)
27
Articles:
I sorted my books into two piles: those I’ve read and those I haven’t
Eu separei meus livros em duas pilhas: os que já li e os que não
28
Articles:
It was excellent news
Foi uma excelente notícia
29
Adverbs:
Read the instructions slowly and attentively.
Leia as instruções lenta e atentamente
(With 2 adverbs, only 2nd suffixed with '-mente')
30
Comparatives and superlatives:
Japanese is an extremely difficult language
O japonês é uma língua dificílimo
31
Adverbs:
You probably don’t remember me
Você provavelmente não se lembra de mim
(Adverbs of time & select others are usually placed between subject & verb, except with verbs ser & estar)
32
Adverbs:
He generally calls on Sundays
Ele geralmente liga nos domingos
(Adverbs of time & select others are usually placed between subject & verb, except with verbs ser & estar)
33
Adverbs:
He shouted loudly
Ele gritou alto
34
Adverbs:
The electrician charged expensively for his work
O electricista cobrou caro pelo trabalho
35
Comparatives and superlatives:
São Paulo is Brazil’s biggest city
São Paulo é a maior cidade do Brasil
36
Comparatives and superlatives:
Monica’s husband is younger than her
O marido da Mônica é mais novo (do) que ela
('do que' > 'que' when 2nd part of comparison includes a verb; otherwise interchangeable)
37
Comparatives and superlatives:
We need a longer ladder to climb onto the roof
Precisamos de uma escada mais comprida para subir até o telhado
38
Comparatives and superlatives:
It was the worst experience of my life
Foi a pior experiência da minha vida
39
Comparatives and superlatives:
She sings better than the other members of the group
Ela canta melhor (do) que os outros membros do grupo
('do que' > 'que' when 2nd part of comparison includes a verb; otherwise interchangeable)
40
Comparatives and superlatives:
Do you have this T-shirt in a smaller size?
Você tem esta camiseta num tamanho menor?
41
Comparatives and superlatives:
We’re going to need more chairs
Vamos precisar de mais cadeiras
42
Comparatives and superlatives:
She comes from an extremely rich family
Ela vem de uma família riquíssima
43
Comparatives and superlatives:
The two brothers are extremely handsome and both work as models
Os dois irmãos são lindíssimos e ambos trabalham como modelos
44
Comparatives and superlatives:
The English test was extremely easy and I passed without any problems
A prova de inglês foi facílima e passei sem problemas
45
Comparatives and superlatives:
Their apartment is extremely small, it barely fits a bed and a table
O apartamento deles é mínimo, mal cabe a cama e a mesa
46
Comparatives and superlatives:
They became extremely happy when they won the trophy
Eles ficaram felicíssimos quando ganharam o troféu
47
Comparatives and superlatives:
The first class seats are extremely comfortable
As poltronas da primeira classe são confortabilíssimas
48
Comparatives and superlatives:
Dinner was extremely good
O jantar estava ótimo
49
Comparatives and superlatives:
We enjoyed ourselves on the journey, but the weather was extremely bad
Nós nos divertimos na viagem, mas o tempo estava péssimo
50
Articles:
My car is blue; my dad’s is black
Meu carro é azul; o do meu pai é preto
51
Articles:
I confused my suitcase with yours
Confundi a minha mala com a sua
52
Articles:
I have to look through my clothes and separate the ones I want to take
Tenho que olhar as minhas roupas e separar as que quero levar
53
Adjectival Placement:
My former teacher
Meu antigo professor (NOT: 'meu professor antigo')
(Adjectival placement affects meaning)
54
Adjectival Placement:
My old (aged) teacher
Meu professor antigo / velho (NOT: 'meu antigo professor')
(Adjectival placement affects meaning)
55
Adjectival Placement:
Quite a lot of money
Bastante dinheiro (NOT: 'dinheiro bastante')
(Adjectival placement affects meaning)
56
Adjectival Placement:
Sufficient money
Dinheiro bastante (NOT: 'bastante dinheiro')
(Adjectival placement affects meaning)
57
Adjectival Placement:
A certain height
A certa altura (NOT: 'a altura certa')
(Adjectival placement affects meaning)
58
Adjectival Placement:
A right answer
Uma resposta certa (NOT: 'uma certa resposta')
(Adjectival placement affects meaning)
59
Adjectival Placement:
A single chance
Uma única chance (NOT: 'uma chance única')
(Adjectival placement affects meaning)
60
Adjectival Placement:
A unique chance
Uma chance única (NOT: 'uma única chance')
(Adjectival placement affects meaning)
61
Adjectives:
The blind man
O cego
(Adjectives that describe people can be used as nouns)
62
Adjectives:
The old woman
A velha
(Adjectives that describe people can be used as nouns)
63
Adjectives:
The rich (people)
Os ricos
(Adjectives that describe people can be used as nouns)
64
Adverbs:
She’ll probably return tomorrow
Ela provavelmente volta amanhã
(Adverbs of time & select others are usually placed between subject & verb, except with verbs ser & estar)
65
Adverbs:
He sometimes forgets things
Ele às vezes esquece coisas
(Adverbs of time & select others are usually placed between subject & verb, except with verbs ser & estar)
66
Adverbs:
They are always well-dressed
Eles estão sempre bem-vestidos
(Adverbs of time & select others are usually placed between subject & verb, except with verbs ser & estar)
67
Comparatives and superlatives:
I am taller than my mum
Sou mais alta (do) que a minha mãe
('do que' > 'que' when 2nd part of comparison includes a verb; otherwise interchangeable)
68
Comparatives and superlatives:
She is more musical than sporty
Ela é mais musical (do) que esportiva
('do que' > 'que' when 2nd part of comparison includes a verb; otherwise interchangeable)
69
Comparatives and superlatives:
This beer is cheap but that one is even cheaper
Esta cerveja é barata mais aquela é ainda mais barata
70
Comparatives and superlatives:
I am as tall as she is
Sou tão alta como ela
71
Comparatives and superlatives:
He is so thin
Ele é tão magro
72
Comparatives and superlatives:
It’s so hot that I’m sweating
Faz tão calor que estou suando
73
Comparatives and superlatives:
It contains so much sugar
Contém tanto açúcar
74
Comparatives and superlatives:
I feel so much pain that I can’t walk any more
Eu sinto tanta dor que não consigo andar mais
75
Comparatives and superlatives:
There are so many sheep
Há tantas ovelhas
76
Comparatives and superlatives:
There are so many trees that I can’t see the path
Há tantas árvores que não vejo o caminho
77
Comparatives and superlatives:
So much rain!
Tanta chuva!
78
Comparatives and superlatives:
It’s damn cold (colloquial)
Está super frio / Está frio para cacete
79
Personal Pronouns:
He kissed me
Ele me beijou (neutral)
Ele beijou-me (formal/literary)
80
Personal Pronouns:
You (pl.) invited me
Vocês me convidou (neutral)
Vocês convidou-me (formal/literary)
81
Personal Pronouns:
They hug me
Elas me abraçam (neutral)
Elas abraçam-me (formal/literary)
82
Personal Pronouns:
You don't love me
Você não me ama
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements)
83
Personal Pronouns:
They want to help me
Eles querem me ajudar (neutral)
Eles querem ajudar-me (formal/literary)
84
Personal Pronouns:
They can't hear me
Elas não conseguem me ouvir
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements)
85
Personal Pronouns:
You had stopped me
Você tinha me parado (neutral)
Você tinha parado-me (formal/literary)
(In most cases, DOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses)
86
Personal Pronouns:
You hadn't seen me
Você não me tinha visto
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
87
Personal Pronouns:
They are supporting me
Eles estão me apoiando (neutral)
Eles estão apoiando-me (formal/literary)
(In most cases, DOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses)
88
Personal Pronouns:
She isn't pushing me
Ela não me está empurrando
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
89
Personal Pronouns:
He kissed you
Ele beijou você (neutral)
Ele te beijou (informal)
90
Personal Pronouns:
We invited you
Nós convidamos você (neutral)
Nós te convidamos (informal)
91
Personal Pronouns:
They hug you
Elas abraçam você (neutral)
Elas te abraçam (informal)
92
Personal Pronouns:
I don't love you
Eu não amo você (neutral)
Eu não te amo (informal)
93
Personal Pronouns:
They want to help you
Eles querem ajudar você (neutral)
Eles querem te ajudar (informal)
94
Personal Pronouns:
They can't hear you
Elas não conseguem ouvir você (neutral)
Elas não conseguem te ouvir (informal)
95
Personal Pronouns:
I had stopped you
Eu tinha parado você (neutral)
Eu tinha te parado (informal)
(In most cases, DOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses)
96
Personal Pronouns:
I hadn't seen you
Eu não tinha visto você (neutral)
Eu não te tinha visto (informal)
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
97
Personal Pronouns:
They are supporting you
Eles estão apoiando você (neutral)
Eles estão te apoiando (informal)
(In most cases, DOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses)
98
Personal Pronouns:
She isn't pushing you
Ela não está empurrando você (neutral)
Ela não te está empurrando (informal)
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
99
Personal Pronouns:
He kissed her
Ele a beijou (neutral)
Ele beijou ela (informal)
Ele beijou-a (formal/literary)
100
Personal Pronouns:
We invited her
Nós a convidamos (neutral)
Nos convidamos ela (informal)
Nós convidamo-la (formal/literary)
('Nós' endings with 3rd person pronoun: drop 's' and add 'l' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
101
Personal Pronouns:
They hug him
Elas o abraçam (neutral)
Elas abraçam ele (informal)
Elas abraçam-no (formal/literary)
(Nasal endings with 3rd person pronoun: add 'n' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
102
Personal Pronouns:
You don't love him
Você não o ama (neutral)
Você não ama ele (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements)
103
Personal Pronouns:
They want to help her
Eles querem ajudá-la (neutral)
Eles querem ajudar ela (informal)
(Infinitive ending with 3rd person pronoun: drop 'r', add accent to a/e - but not i - and add 'l' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
104
Personal Pronouns:
They can't hear him
Elas não conseguem o ouvir (neutral)
Elas não conseguem ouvir ele (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements)
105
Personal Pronouns:
You had stopped her
Você a tinha parado (neutral)
Você tinha parado ela (informal)
Você tinha-a parado (formal/literary)
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in 3rd person except in formal or -ve statements)
106
Personal Pronouns:
You hadn't seen him
Você não o tinha visto (neutral)
Você não tinha visto ele (informal)
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in 3rd person except in formal or -ve statements)
107
Personal Pronouns:
They are supporting her
Eles a estão apoiando (neutral)
Eles estão apoiando ela (informal)
Eles estão apoiando-a (formal/literary)
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in 3rd person except in formal or -ve statements)
108
Personal Pronouns:
She isn't pushing him
Ela não o está empurrando (neutral)
Ela não está empurrando ele (informal)
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in 3rd person except in formal or -ve statements)
109
Personal Pronouns:
He kissed us
Ele nos beijou (neutral)
Ele beijou-nos (formal/literary)
110
Personal Pronouns:
You (pl.) invited us
Vocês nos convidou (neutral)
Vocês convidou-nos (formal/literary)
111
Personal Pronouns:
They hug us
Elas nos abraçam (neutral)
Elas abraçam-nos (formal/literary)
112
Personal Pronouns:
You don't love us
Você não nos ama
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements)
113
Personal Pronouns:
They want to help us
Eles querem nos ajudar (neutral)
Eles querem ajudar-nos (formal/literary)
114
Personal Pronouns:
They can't hear us
Elas não conseguem nos ouvir
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements)
115
Personal Pronouns:
You had stopped us
Você tinha nos parado (neutral)
Você tinha parado-nos (formal/literary)
(In most cases, DOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses)
116
Personal Pronouns:
You hadn't seen us
Você não nos tinha visto
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
117
Personal Pronouns:
They are supporting us
Eles estão nos apoiando (neutral)
Eles estão apoiando-nos (formal/literary)
(In most cases, DOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses)
118
Personal Pronouns:
She isn't pushing us
Ela não nos está empurrando
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
119
Personal Pronouns:
He kissed you (pl.)
Ele beijou vocês
120
Personal Pronouns:
We invited you (pl.)
Nós convidamos vocés
121
Personal Pronouns:
They hug you (pl.)
Elas abraçam vocês
122
Personal Pronouns:
I don't love you (pl.)
Eu não amo vocês
123
Personal Pronouns:
They want to help you (pl.)
Eles querem ajudar vocês
124
Personal Pronouns:
They can't hear you (pl.)
Elas não conseguem ouvir vocês
125
Personal Pronouns:
I had stopped you (pl.)
Eu tinha parado vocês
126
Personal Pronouns:
I hadn't seen you (pl.)
Eu não tinha visto vocês
127
Personal Pronouns:
They are supporting you (pl.)
Eles estão apoiando vocês
128
Personal Pronouns:
She isn't pushing you (pl.)
Ela não está empurrando vocês
129
Personal Pronouns:
He kissed them
Ele as beijou (neutral)
Ele beijou elas (informal)
Ele beijou-as (formal/literary)
130
Personal Pronouns:
We invited them
Nós as convidamos (neutral)
Nos convidamos elas (informal)
Nós convidamo-las (formal/literary)
('Nós' endings with 3rd person pronoun: drop 's' and add 'l' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
131
Personal Pronouns:
They hug them
Elas os abraçam (neutral)
Elas abraçam eles (informal)
Elas abraçam-nos (formal/literary)
(Nasal endings with 3rd person pronoun: add 'n' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
132
Personal Pronouns:
You don't love them
Você não os ama (neutral)
Você não ama eles (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements)
133
Personal Pronouns:
They want to help them
Eles querem ajudá-las (neutral)
Eles querem ajudar elas (informal)
(Infinitive ending with 3rd person pronoun: drop 'r', add accent to a/e - but not i - and add 'l' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
134
Personal Pronouns:
They can't hear them
Elas não conseguem os ouvir (neutral)
Elas não conseguem ouvir eles (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements)
135
Personal Pronouns:
You had stopped them
Você as tinha parado (neutral)
Você tinha parado elas (informal)
Você tinha-as parado (formal/literary)
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in 3rd person except in formal or -ve statements)
136
Personal Pronouns:
You hadn't seen them
Você não os tinha visto (neutral)
Você não tinha visto eles (informal)
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in 3rd person except in formal or -ve statements)
137
Personal Pronouns:
They are supporting them
Eles as estão apoiando (neutral)
Eles estão apoiando elas (informal)
Eles estão apoiando-as (formal/literary)
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in 3rd person except in formal or -ve statements)
138
Personal Pronouns:
She isn't pushing them
Ela não os está empurrando (neutral)
Ela não está empurrando eles (informal)
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in 3rd person except in formal or -ve statements)
139
Personal Pronouns:
She showed me the way
Ela me mostrou o caminho (neutral)
Ela mostrou o caminho para mim (informal)
Ela mostrou-me o caminho (formal/literary)
140
Personal Pronouns:
Don't give me money
Não me dê dinheiro (neutral)
Não dê dinheiro para mim (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements)
141
Personal Pronouns:
You can give me the pen
Pode me dar a caneta (neutral)
Pode dar a caneta para mim (informal)
Pode dar-me a caneta (formal/literary)
142
Personal Pronouns:
He never wants to lend me money
Ele nunca quer me emprestar dinheiro (neutral)
Ele nunca quer emprestar dinheiro para mim (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements)
143
Personal Pronouns:
They had bought me a gift
Elas tinha me comprado um presente (neutral)
Elas tinha comprado um presente para mim (informal)
Elas tinha comprado-me um presente (formal/literary)
(In most cases, IOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses)
144
Personal Pronouns:
She hadn't given me a chance
Ela não me tinha dado uma chance (neutral)
Ela não tinha dado uma chance para mim (informal)
(Although IOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
145
Personal Pronouns:
They agency is offering me a job
A agência está me oferecendo um emprego (neutral)
A agência está oferecendo um emprego para mim (informal)
A agência está oferecendo-me um emprego (formal/literary)
(In most cases, IOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses)
146
Personal Pronouns:
You're not telling me the truth
Você não me está dizendo a verdade (neutral)
Você não está dizendo a verdade para mim (informal)
(Although IOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
147
Personal Pronouns:
She showed you the way
Ela mostrou o caminho para você (neutral)
Ela te mostrou o caminho (informal)
Ela mostrou o caminho a você (formal/literary)
148
Personal Pronouns:
Don't give you money
Não dê dinheiro para você (neutral)
Não te dê dinheiro (informal)
Não dê dinheiro a você (formal/literary)
149
Personal Pronouns:
I can give you the pen
Posso dar a caneta para você (neutral)
Posso te dar a caneta (informal)
Posso dar a caneta a você (formal/literary)
150
Personal Pronouns:
He never wants to lend you money
Ele nunca quer emprestar dinheiro para você (neutral)
Ele nunca quer te emprestar dinheiro (informal)
Ele nunca quer emprestar dinheiro a você (formal/literary)
151
Personal Pronouns:
They had bought you a gift
Elas tinha comprado um presente para você (neutral)
Elas tinha te comprado um presente (informal)
Elas tinha comprado um presente a você (formal/literary)
(In most cases, IOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses)
152
Personal Pronouns:
She hadn't given you a chance
Ela não tinha dado uma chance para você (neutral)
Ela não te tinha dado uma chance (informal)
Ela não tinha dado uma chance a você (formal/literary)
(Although IOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
153
Personal Pronouns:
The agency is offering you a job
A agência está oferecendo um emprego para você (neutral)
A agência está te oferecendo um emprego (informal)
A agência está oferecendo um emprego a você (formal/literary)
(In most cases, IOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses)
154
Personal Pronouns:
I'm not telling you the truth
Eu não estou dizendo a verdade para você (neutral)
Eu não te estou dizendo a verdade (informal)
Eu não estou dizendo a verdade a você (formal/literary)
(Although IOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
155
Personal Pronouns:
She showed him the way
Ela lhe mostrou o caminho (neutral)
Ela mostrou o caminho para ele (informal)
Ela mostrou-lhe o caminho (formal/literary)
156
Personal Pronouns:
Don't give her money
Não lhe dê dinheiro (neutral)
Não dê dinheiro para ela (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements)
157
Personal Pronouns:
I can give him the pen
Posso lhe dar a caneta (neutral)
Posso dar a caneta para ele (informal)
Posso dar-lhe a caneta (formal/literary)
158
Personal Pronouns:
He never wants to lend her money
Ele nunca quer lhe emprestar dinheiro (neutral)
Ele nunca quer emprestar dinheiro para ela (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements or with adverbs of time)
159
Personal Pronouns:
They had bought him a gift
Elas tinha lhe comprado um presente (neutral)
Elas tinha comprado um presente para ele (informal)
(In most cases, IOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, even in 3rd person - unlike DOP)
160
Personal Pronouns:
She hadn't given her a chance
Ela não lhe tinha dado uma chance (neutral)
Ela não tinha dado uma chance para ela (informal)
(Although IOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
161
Personal Pronouns:
The agency is offering him a job
A agência está lhe oferecendo um emprego (neutral)
A agência está oferecendo um emprego para ele (informal)
(In most cases, IOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, even in 3rd person - unlike DOP)
162
Personal Pronouns:
You're not telling her the truth
Você não lhe está dizendo a verdade (neutral)
Você não está dizendo a verdade para ela (informal)
(Although IOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
163
Personal Pronouns:
She showed us the way
Ela nos mostrou o caminho (neutral)
Ela mostrou o caminho para nós (informal)
Ela mostrou-nos o caminho (formal/literary)
164
Personal Pronouns:
Don't give us money
Não nos dê dinheiro (neutral)
Não dê dinheiro para nós (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements)
165
Personal Pronouns:
You can give us the pen
Pode nos dar a caneta (neutral)
Pode dar a caneta para nós (informal)
Pode dar-nos a caneta (formal/literary)
166
Personal Pronouns:
He never wants to lend us money
Ele nunca quer nos emprestar dinheiro (neutral)
Ele nunca quer emprestar dinheiro para nós (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements or with adverbs of time)
167
Personal Pronouns:
They had bought us a gift
Elas tinha nos comprado um presente (neutral)
Elas tinha comprado um presente para nós (informal)
Elas tinha comprado-nos um presente (formal/literary)
(In most cases, IOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses)
168
Personal Pronouns:
She hadn't given us a chance
Ela não nos tinha dado uma chance (neutral)
Ela não tinha dado uma chance para nós (informal)
(Although IOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
169
Personal Pronouns:
The agency are offering us a job
A agência está nos oferecendo um emprego (neutral)
A agência está oferecendo um emprego para nós (informal)
A agência está oferecendo-nos um emprego (formal/literary)
(In most cases, IOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses)
170
Personal Pronouns:
You're not telling us the truth
Você não nos está dizendo a verdade (neutral)
Você não está dizendo a verdade para nós (informal)
(Although IOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
171
Personal Pronouns:
She showed you (pl.) the way
Ela mostrou o caminho para / a vocês
172
Personal Pronouns:
Don't give you (pl.) money
Não dê dinheiro para / a vocês
173
Personal Pronouns:
I can give you (pl.) the pen
Posso dar a caneta para / a vocês
174
Personal Pronouns:
He never wants to lend you (pl.) money
Ele nunca quer emprestar dinheiro para /a vocês
175
Personal Pronouns:
They had bought you (pl.) a gift
Elas tinha comprado um presente para / a vocês
176
Personal Pronouns:
She hadn't given you (pl.) a chance
Ela não tinha dado uma chance para / a vocês
177
Personal Pronouns:
The agency is offering you (pl.) a job
A agência está oferecendo um emprego para / a vocês
178
Personal Pronouns:
I'm not telling you (pl.) the truth
Eu não estou dizendo a verdade para /a vocês
179
Personal Pronouns:
She showed them the way
Ela lhes mostrou o caminho (neutral)
Ela mostrou o caminho para eles (informal)
Ela mostrou-lhes o caminho (formal/literary)
180
Personal Pronouns:
Don't give them money
Não lhes dê dinheiro (neutral)
Não dê dinheiro para elas (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements)
181
Personal Pronouns:
I can give them the pen
Posso lhes dar a caneta (neutral)
Posso dar a caneta para eles (informal)
Posso dar-lhes a caneta (formal/literary)
182
Personal Pronouns:
He never wants to lend them money
Ele nunca quer lhes emprestar dinheiro (neutral)
Ele nunca quer emprestar dinheiro para elas (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements or with adverbs of time)
183
Personal Pronouns:
They had bought them a gift
Elas tinha lhes comprado um presente (neutral)
Elas tinha comprado um presente para eles (informal)
(In most cases, IOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, even in 3rd person - unlike DOP)
184
Personal Pronouns:
She hadn't given them a chance
Ela não lhes tinha dado uma chance (neutral)
Ela não tinha dado uma chance para elas (informal)
(Although IOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
185
Personal Pronouns:
They agency is offering them a job
A agência está lhes oferecendo um emprego (neutral)
A agência está oferecendo um emprego para eles (informal)
(In most cases, IOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, even in 3rd person - unlike DOP)
186
Personal Pronouns:
You're not telling them the truth
Você não lhes está dizendo a verdade (neutral)
Você não está dizendo a verdade para elas (informal)
(Although IOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in -ve statements)
187
Personal Pronouns:
He is behind me
He goes with me
Ele está atrás de mim
Ele vai comigo
188
Personal Pronouns:
He is behind you
He goes with you
Ele está atrás de você
Ele vai com você / contigo
189
Personal Pronouns:
He is behind her
He goes with her
Ele está atrás dela
Ele vai com ela
190
Personal Pronouns:
He is behind us
He goes with us
Ele está atrás de nós
Ele vai conosco
191
Personal Pronouns:
He is behind you (pl.)
He goes with you (pl.)
Ele está atrás de vocês
Ele vai com vocês
192
Personal Pronouns:
He is behind them
He goes with them
Ele está atrás delas
Ele vai com elas
193
Personal Pronouns:
You send them to him
Você os manda para ele
(Contains both DOP & IOP, so subject pronouns for IOP are retained for clarity)
194
Personal Pronouns:
He gives it to them
Ele o dá para eles
(Contains both DOP & IOP, so subject pronouns for IOP are retained for clarity)
195
Personal Pronouns:
People like me
Pessoas como eu
196
Personal Pronouns:
They chose Alice, Charlotte and me
Escolheram Alice, Charlotte e eu
197
Personal Pronouns:
I didn't see him
Eu não o vi (neutral)
Eu não vi ele (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements)
198
Personal Pronouns:
You never let me do anything
Você nunca me deixa fazer nada
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements or with adverbs of time)
199
Personal Pronouns:
Nobody wants us
Ninguém nos quer
(Pronoun always comes before verb following indefinite pronouns)
200
Personal Pronouns:
Did you already buy him a present?
Você já lhe comprou um presente (neutral)
Você já comprou um presente para ele? (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements or with adverbs of time)
201
Personal Pronouns:
I nearly reached him
Eu quase o alcancei
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements or with adverbs of time)
202
Personal Pronouns:
I still want you
Eu ainda quero você (neutral)
Eu ainda te quero (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements or with adverbs of time)
203
Personal Pronouns:
While he was helping her
Enquanto ele a ajudava (neutral)
Enquanto ele ajudava ela (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb in -ve statements or with adverbs of time)
204
Personal Pronouns:
Did anybody see her arrive?
Alguém a viu chegar? (neutral)
Alguém viu ela chegar? (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb following indefinite pronouns)
205
Personal Pronouns:
Everybody (using 'todos') loves her
Todos a amam (neutral)
Todos amam ela (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb following indefinite pronouns)
206
Personal Pronouns:
Certain people want it
Certas pessoas o querem (neutral)
Certas pessoas querem ele (informal)
(Pronoun always comes before verb following indefinite pronouns)
207
Personal Pronouns:
Who's going to pick us up?
Quem nos vai buscar?
(Pronoun always comes before verb following interrogative or exclamatory words)
208
Personal Pronouns:
I don't know where he took her
Eu não sei para onde ele a levou (neutral)
Eu não sei para onde ele levou ela
(Pronoun always comes before verb following interrogative or exclamatory words)
209
Personal Pronouns:
How I hate him!
Como o odeio!
(Pronoun always comes before verb following interrogative or exclamatory words)
210
Personal Pronouns:
He had surprised me
Ele tinha me surpreendido (neutral)
Ele tinha surpreendido-me (formal/literary)
(In most cases, DOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses)
211
Personal Pronouns:
The government is supporting me
O governo está me apoiando (neutral)
O governo está apoiando-me (formal/literary)
(In most cases, DOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses)
212
Personal Pronouns:
He had surprised her
Ele a tinha surpreendido (neutral)
Ele tinha surpreendido ela (informal)
Ele tinha-a surpreendido (formal/literary)
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in 3rd person except in formal or -ve statements)
213
Personal Pronouns:
The government is supporting her
O governo a está apoiando (neutral)
O governo está apoiando ela (informal)
O governo está apoiando-a (formal/literary)
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in 3rd person except in formal or -ve statements)
214
Personal Pronouns:
Can I help her?
Posso adjuá-la? (neutral)
Posso ajudar ela? (informal)
(Infinitive ending with 3rd person pronoun: drop 'r', add accent to a/e - but not i - and add 'l' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
215
Personal Pronouns:
It's difficult to love him
É difícil amá-lo (neutral)
É difícil amar ele (informal)
(Infinitive ending with 3rd person pronoun: drop 'r', add accent to a/e - but not i - and add 'l' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
216
Personal Pronouns:
I can't want to write it
Estou ansiosa escrevê-la (neutral)
Estou ansiosa escrever ela (informal)
(Infinitive ending with 3rd person pronoun: drop 'r', add accent to a/e - but not i - and add 'l' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
217
Personal Pronouns:
Do you want to share (lit. divide) them?
Você quer dividi-los? (neutral)
Você quer dividir eles? (informal)
(Infinitive ending with 3rd person pronoun: drop 'r', add accent to a/e - but not i - and add 'l' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
218
Personal Pronouns:
I decided to buy it
Decidi comprá-lo (neutral)
Decidi comprar ele (informal)
(Infinitive ending with 3rd person pronoun: drop 'r', add accent to a/e - but not i - and add 'l' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
219
Personal Pronouns:
It's impossible to see them with the naked eye
É impossível vê-las a olho nu (neutral)
É impossível ver elas a olho nu (informal)
(Infinitive ending with 3rd person pronoun: drop 'r', add accent to a/e - but not i - and add 'l' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
220
Personal Pronouns:
We help him
Nós o ajudamos (neutral)
Nós ajudamos ele (informal)
Nós ajudamo-lo (formal/literary)
('Nós' endings with 3rd person pronoun: drop 's' and add 'l' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
221
Personal Pronouns: They ate it
Eles o comeram (neutral)
Eles comeram-no (formal/literary)
(Nasal endings with 3rd person pronoun: add 'n' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
221
Personal Pronouns:
We saw them
Nós as vimos (neutral)
Nós vimos elas (informal)
Nós vimo-las (formal/literary)
('Nós' endings with 3rd person pronoun: drop 's' and add 'l' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
222
Personal Pronouns:
You put them (using 'pôr', present tense)
Você as põe (neutral)
Você põe-nas (formal/literary)
(Nasal endings with 3rd person pronoun: add 'n' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
223
Personal Pronouns:
I presented him a proposal
Eu lhe apresentei uma proposta (neutral)
Eu apresentei uma proposta para ele (informal)
Eu apresentei-lhe uma proposta (formal/literary)
224
Personal Pronouns:
The saleswoman accused him of having robbed the jeans
A vendedora o acusou de ter roubado o jeans (neutral)
A vendedora acusou ele de ter roubado o jeans (informal)
A vendedora acusou-o de ter roubado o jeans (formal/literary)
225
Personal Pronouns:
The keys? You put them in the drawer
As chaves? Você as colocou na gaveta (neutral)
As chaves? Você colocou elas na gaveta (informal)
As chaves? Você colocou-as na gaveta (neutral)
226
Personal Pronouns:
He showed me the photos
Ele me mostrou as fotos (neutral)
Ele mostrou as fotos para mim
Ele mostrou-me as fotos (formal/literary)
227
Personal Pronouns:
He is taller than me
Ele é mais alto do que / que eu
('do que' > 'que' when 2nd part of comparison includes a verb; otherwise interchangeable)
228
Personal Pronouns:
The room is for me and my husband
O quarto é para mim e meu esposo
229
Personal Pronouns:
See you tomorrow
Vejo você amanhã (neutral)
Te vejo amanhã (informal)
230
Personal Pronouns:
Pedro will take us there
O Pedro vai nos levar até lá (neutral)
O Pedro vai levar-nos até lá (formal/literary)
231
Personal Pronouns:
The police managed to arrest them
A polícia conseguiu prendê-los (neutral)
A polícia conseguiu prender eles (informal)
(Infinitive ending with 3rd person pronoun: drop 'r', add accent to a/e - but not i - and add 'l' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
232
Personal Pronouns:
Pleased to meet you (formal)
Prazer em conhecê-la (neutral)
(Infinitive ending with 3rd person pronoun: drop 'r', add accent to a/e - but not i - and add 'l' to o/a/os/as pronouns)
233
Personal Pronouns:
The president had asked him for the news
O presidente tinha lhe pedido as notícias (neutral)
O presidente tinha pedido dele as notícias (informal)
(In most cases, IOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, even in 3rd person - unlike DOP)
234
Personal Pronouns:
They were questioning her
Eles a estavam interrogando (neutral)
Eles estavam interrogando ela (informal)
Eles estavam interrogando-a (formal/literary)
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in 3rd person except in formal or -ve statements)
235
Personal Pronouns:
Could you send me an email confirmation?
Poderia me enviar um e-mail de confirmação? (neutral)
Poderia enviar-me um e-mail de confirmação? (formal/literary)
236
Personal Pronouns:
The mugger had stolen them
O assaltante as tinha roubado (neutral)
O assaltante tinha roubado elas (informal)
O assaltante tinha-as roubado (formal/literary)
(Although DOP usually comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, it is placed before both parts in 3rd person except in formal or -ve statements)
237
Personal Pronouns:
He told them the story
Ele lhes disse a história (neutral)
Ele disse a história para eles (informal)
Ele disse-lhes a história (formal/literary)
238
Personal Pronouns:
He had spoken to me of his problems
Ele tinha me falado dos problemas (neutral)
Ele tinha falado para mim dos problemas (informal)
Ele tinha falado-me dos problemas (formal/literary)
(In most cases, IOP comes between the two parts of the verb in perfect & continuous tenses, even in 3rd person - unlike DOP)
239
Personal Pronouns:
I ask you for a bit of patience
Peço para você um pouco de paciência (neutral)
Te peço um pouco de paciência (informal)
Eu lhe peço / peço-lhe um pouco de paciência (formal/literary)
240
Comparatives and superlatives:
It’s as dangerous for the man as for the animal
É tão perigoso para o homem, como para o animal
241
Comparatives and superlatives:
He’s already been there more than once
Ele já foi lá mais (do) que (or mais de) uma vez
('do que' > 'que' when 2nd part of comparison includes a verb; otherwise interchangeable)
242
Articles:
All the men took their hats off
Todos os homens tiraram o chapéu
(Definite article > possessive adjective when noun clearly belongs to subject of sentence)
243
Articles:
The monks shave their heads
Os monges raspam a cabeça
(Definite article > possessive adjective when noun clearly belongs to subject of sentence)
244
Comparatives and superlatives:
She talks more than she listens
Ela fala mais do que escuta
('do que' > 'que' when 2nd part of comparison includes a verb; otherwise interchangeable)
245
Comparatives and superlatives:
The car is faster than the motorbike
O carro é mais rápido (do) que a moto
('do que' > 'que' when 2nd part of comparison includes a verb; otherwise interchangeable)
246
Comparatives and superlatives:
He has more experience than me
Ele tem mais experiência (do) que eu
('do que' > 'que' when 2nd part of comparison includes a verb; otherwise interchangeable)
247
Comparatives and superlatives:
This book is more interesting than the last
Este livro é mais interessante (do) que o anterior
('do que' > 'que' when 2nd part of comparison includes a verb; otherwise interchangeable)
248
Possessives:
She spoke about her travels
Ela falou de / das suas viagens (written)
Ela falou das viagens dela (spoken)
(Definite article optional alongside a possessive)
249
Possessives:
She put her handbag on the chair beside her
Ela colocou a bolsa na cadeira do lado
(Definite article > possessive adjective when noun clearly belongs to subject of sentence)
250
Possessives:
You (pl.) can leave your car here
Vocēs podem deixar o carro aqui
(Definite article > possessive adjective when noun clearly belongs to subject of sentence)
251
Possessives:
These are my own ideas
Essas são minhas próprias ideias
(Although definite article > possessive adjective when noun clearly belongs to subject of sentence, in this case the possessive is retained for emphasis)
252
Possessives:
He came in his own car
Ele veio no próprio carro
(Definite article > possessive adjective when noun clearly belongs to subject of sentence)
253
Possessives:
She didn't even recognise her own mother
Ela nem reconhecia a própria mãe
(Definite article > possessive adjective when noun clearly belongs to subject of sentence)
254
Possessives:
They want a house of their own
Eles querem uma casa própria
(When using 'próprio' in sense of 'of one's own', it is placed after the noun and a possessive is not included)
255
Possessives:
She started up a business of her own
Ela montou um negócio próprio
(When using 'próprio' in sense of 'of one's own', it is placed after the noun and a possessive is not included)
256
Possessives:
You idiot!
Seu idiota!
257
Possessives:
You sadists!
Seus sádicos! Suas sádicas!
258
Possessives:
You genius!
Seu gênio!
259
Possessives:
You liar!
Seu mentiroso! Sua mentirosa!
260
Relative Pronouns:
The girl I'm speaking to
A moça com quem estou falando
261
Relative Pronouns:
The person she was referring to
A pessoa a quem ela se referia
262
Relative Pronouns:
Those who like fish will love this new restaurant
Quem gosta de peixe vai adorar este novo restaurante
263
Relative Pronouns:
For someone who doesn't do exercise, she has some strength
Para quem não faz exercício, ela tem bastante força
264
Relative Pronouns:
Who gives the orders here is me
Quem manda aqui sou eu
265
Relative Pronouns:
It was Jorge that broke the glass
Foi o Jorge quem quebrou o vidro
266
Relative Pronouns:
The old lady I spoke of
A velha de quem eu falava
267
Relative Pronouns:
The friend who I trust in
A amiga em quem confio
268
Relative Pronouns:
The child for whom I do everything
A criança por quem faço tudo
269
Relative Pronouns:
The book contains everything you (that) need to know about Paris
O livro contém tudo (o) que se precisa saber sobre Paris
270
Relative Pronouns:
I didn't understand anything (that) he said
Eu não entendi nada (o) que ele disse
271
Relative Pronouns:
She took first place, which surprised us
Ela tirou o primeiro lugar, o que nos surpreendeu
272
Relative Pronouns:
She claims I lied, which isn't true
Ela alega que eu menti, o que não é verdade
273
Relative Pronouns:
The company of which he is president
A empresa da qual / de que eles é presidente
(Qual can be used instead of que to mean 'which' in cases where it's advantageous to have number agreement with the adjective to avoid confusion)
274
Relative Pronouns:
The neighbourhood where I live
O bairro onde eu moro
275
Relative Pronouns:
We returned to the place (from which) we had left
Voltamos ao lugar de onde tínhamos saído
276
Relative Pronouns:
The day (on which) she arrived
O dia em que ela chegou
277
Relative Pronouns:
In the time of year in which the sun shines
Na época do ano em que o sol brilha
278
Relative Pronouns:
The book I'm reading is very interesting
O livro que estou lendo é muito interessante
279
Relative Pronouns:
The town she comes from is a long way from here
A cidade de onde ela vem fica longe daqui
280
Relative Pronouns:
That's not the film I'm talking about
Esse não é o filme de / em que eu estou falando
281
Relative Pronouns:
I've never laughed so much as I did that night
Eu nunca ri tanto quanto eu ri naquela noite
282
Relative Pronouns:
It was raining on the day (on which) we arrived
Estava chovendo no dia em que chegamos
283
Relative Pronouns:
What's the name of the place we're going to tomorrow?
Qual é o nome do lugar aonde vamos amanhã?
284
Relative Pronouns:
The images show the moment when / at which the bomb exploded
As imagens mostram o momento em que a bomba explodiu
285
Relative Pronouns:
Anyone who drives in São Paulo needs a lot of patience
Quem dirige em São Paulo precisa de muito paciência
286
Interrogatives:
I don't know what
Não sei o quê
(Que is spelt quê when it comes at the end of a sentence)
287
Interrogatives:
Which of the two is your boyfriend?
Qual dos dois é o seu namorado?
288
Interrogatives:
What are the best oranges to make juice?
Quais são as melhores laranjas para fazer suco?
('Qual' used instead of 'que' when asking for an answer among a range of possibilities. Often precedes the verb 'ser')
289
Interrogatives:
Which book is yours?
Qual dos livro é o seu? / Que livro é o seu? (NOT: Qual livro é o seu?)
('Qual' used instead of 'que' when asking for an answer among a range of possibilities. Often precedes the verb 'ser'.
Qual is often avoided directly before a noun by inserting 'de' or using 'que' instead.)
290
Interrogatives:
What is your name?
Qual é o seu nome?
('Qual' used instead of 'que' when asking for an answer among a range of possibilities. Often precedes the verb 'ser')
291
Interrogatives:
What are the reasons for the delay?
Quais são os motivos do atraso?
('Qual' used instead of 'que' when asking for an answer among a range of possibilities. Often precedes the verb 'ser')
292
Interrogatives:
What are the answers?
Quais são as respostas?
('Qual' used instead of 'que' when asking for an answer among a range of possibilities. Often precedes the verb 'ser')
293
Interrogatives:
How high is the wall?
Qual é a altura do muro?
('Qual' used instead of 'que' when asking for an answer among a range of possibilities. Often precedes the verb 'ser')
294
Interrogatives:
How much money do you have in your wallet?
Quanto dinheiro você tem na carteira?
295
Interrogatives:
How many eggs do you want?
Quantos ovos você quer?
296
Interrogatives:
You can't even imagine how much
Você nem imagina (o) quanto
297
Interrogatives:
Why don't you send her an email?
Por que você não manda um e-mail para ela?
298
Interrogatives:
He keeps losing weight, but the doctors don't know why.
Ele não para de emagrecer, mas os medicos não sabem por quê.
(Que is spelt quê when it comes at the end of a sentence)
299
Interrogatives:
What do you need two cars for?
Para que (é que) você precisa de dois carros?
300
Interrogatives:
She asked me to lend her money, without telling me what for
Ela me pediu dinheiro emprestado, sem me dizer para quê
(Que is spelt quê when it comes at the end of a sentence)
301
Interrogatives:
How faithful is the translation to the original?
Quão fiel é a tradução ao original?
('Quão' used to quantify adjectives and adverbs, mainly in written language)
302
Interrogatives:
What happened?
O que (é que) aconteceu?
303
Interrogatives:
Who are you going to invite?
Quem (é que) você vai convidar?
304
Interrogatives:
Where do they live?
Onde (é que) eles moram?
305
Interrogatives:
When did he call?
Quando (é que) ela ligou?
306
Interrogatives:
Why is he leaving?
Por que (é que) ele vai embora?
307
Interrogatives:
What did you give Ana?
O que (é que) você deu para Ana?
308
Interrogatives:
What is this?
O que é isso?
309
Interrogatives:
What is happening?
O que (é que) está acontecendo?
310
Interrogatives:
What type of music do you like?
Que tipo de música você gosta?
311
Interrogatives:
What superstitions are common in Brazil?
Que superstições são comuns no Brasil? / Quais são os superstições que são comuns no Brasil?
(NOT: Quais superstições são comuns...)
('Qual' used instead of 'que' when asking for an answer among a range of possibilities. Often precedes the verb 'ser'.
Qual is often avoided directly before a noun by inserting 'de' or using 'que' instead.)
312
Interrogatives:
What is that noise?
Que barulho é esse?
313
Interrogatives:
Which bus goes to the centre?
Que ônibus vai para o centro? / Qual é o ônibus que vai para o centro?
(NOT: Qual ônibus vai...)
('Qual' used instead of 'que' when asking for an answer among a range of possibilities. Often precedes the verb 'ser'.
Qual is often avoided directly before a noun by inserting 'de' or using 'que' instead.)
314
Exclamations:
What an idea!
Que ideia!
315
Exclamations:
What (amazing) eyes he has!
Que olhos que ele tem!
316
Exclamations:
What a beautiful day!
Que dia bonito!
317
Exclamations:
What horrible weather!
Que tempo (mais) feio!
318
Exclamations:
What a lot of people!
Quanta gente!
319
Exclamations:
How many times I've thought about that!
Quantas vezes eu pensei nisso!
320
Exclamations:
How (much) I laughed!
Quanto ri!
321
Exclamations:
How he's changed!
Como ele mudou!
322
Exclamations:
(How) São Paulo is so big!
Como São Paulo é grande!
323
Exclamations:
How well you speak Portuguese!
Como você fala bem português!
324
Exclamations:
What a long time!
Quanto tempo!
325
Exclamations:
How time flies, doesn't it?
Como o tempo voa, não é?
326
Exclamations:
How good it is to see you!
Que bom te ver!
327
Exclamations:
How I miss that time!
Como eu sinto saudade daquela época!
328
Exclamations:
What a lot of great memories!
Quantas boas lembranças!
329
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
Either one
Qualquer um / uma
330
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
The guests greeted each other
Os convidados cumprimentaram-se uns aos outros
331
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
The girls don't like each other
As meninas não gostam uma da outra
332
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
I slept a bit on the plane
Eu dormi um pouco no avião
333
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
I didn't sleep much on the place
Eu dormi pouco no avião
334
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
The person I most admire
A pessoa que eu mais admiro
335
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
The food I like most is Chinese food
A comida que eu mais gosto é comida chinesa
336
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
The person I see least
A pessoa que menos vejo
337
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
A lot of people
Muita gente / Muitas pessoas
338
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
Few words
Poucas palavras
339
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
A few words
Algumas palavras
340
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
I don't speak much Portuguese
Falo pouco português
341
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
I speak a bit of Portuguese
Falo um pouco de português
342
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
More chairs
Mais cadeiras
343
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
Less money
Menos dinheiro
344
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
Plenty of space
Bastante espaço
345
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
Several weeks
Várias semanas
346
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
Little time
Pouco tempo
347
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
Many Brazilians
Muitos brasileiros
348
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
So much work
Tanto trabalho
349
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
Quite a few cars
Bastantes carros
350
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
A lot of patience
Muita paciência
351
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
Not many customers
Poucos clientes
352
Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns:
A little less noise
Um pouco menos barulho
353
Negatives:
I didn’t eat anything today
Não comi nada hoje
(When a -ve word follows verb, verb must also be preceded by -ve word)
354
Negatives:
I didn’t see anything
Não vi nada
(When a -ve word follows verb, verb must also be preceded by -ve word)
355
Negatives:
I’ve never had any problem
Eu nunca tive nenhum problema
(When a -ve word follows verb, verb must also be preceded by -ve word)
356
Negatives:
Since then, nothing has changed
Desde então, nada mudou
357
Negatives:
Nobody said anything
Ninguém falou nada
(When a -ve word follows verb, verb must also be preceded by -ve word)
358
Negatives:
There isn’t anyone at home
Não tem ninguém em casa
(When a -ve word follows verb, verb. must also be preceded by -ve word)
359
Negatives:
He never calls
Ele não liga nunca / Ele nunca liga
(When a -ve word follows verb, verb. must also be preceded by -ve word)
360
Negatives:
We didn’t see each other again
Nós não nos vimos nunca mais
(When a -ve word follows verb, verb. must also be preceded by -ve word)
361
Negatives:
I didn’t even have time to have breakfast
Não tive tempo nem de tomar café
362
Negatives:
I don’t even know where she lives any more
Nem sei mais onde ela mora
363
Negatives:
He never even said hello to me
Ele nem sequer me cumprimentou
364
Negatives:
Neither Bruno nor his brother speak English
Nem o Bruno nem o irmão dele falam inglês
365
Negatives:
I don’t have classes either today or tomorrow
Não tenho aula nem hoje nem amanhã
366
Negatives:
I don’t want to go, nor you, so we won’t go
Eu não quero ir, nem você, então não vamos
367
Negatives:
Not all children like chocolate
Nem todas as crianças gostam de chocolate
368
Negatives:
I don’t always agree with him
Nem sempre concordo com ele
369
Negatives:
The Brazilian had no difficulty in winning the race
O brasileiro não teve nenhuma dificuldade para ganhar a corrida
('Nenhum/a' can be placed before or after nouns, the latter giving greater emphasis)
370
Negatives:
No passengers were hurt in the accident
Nenhum passageiro ficou ferido no acidente
('Nenhum/a' can be placed before or after nouns, the latter giving greater emphasis)
371
Negatives:
We didn’t have any problems
Não tivemos problema nenhum
('Nenhum/a' can be placed before or after nouns, the latter giving greater emphasis)
372
Negatives:
Neither of the twins eat meat
Nenhum dos gêmeos come carne
373
Grammar knowledge:
When should / shouldn't articles be used before proper names?
They are the norm in spoken language (except when addressing the person directly) but lend a tone of familiarity so aren't used with names of historical figures or in formal written language
374
Grammar knowledge:
In compound adjectives, which adjective(s) take the gendered form?
E.g., the bright green apples
Usually only the second adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun
E.g., As maças verde-brilhantes
375
Grammar knowledge:
When two adverbs are used together, which adverb(s) take the '-mente' suffix?
E.g., the thief ran quickly and quietly
Only the second adverb receives the '-mente' suffix
E.g., O ladrão correu rápida e silenciosamente
(Note: 'rápida' retains 'a' ending, as if '-mente' were to follow)
376
Grammar knowledge:
In comparative statements, what is the rule about when to use 'que' vs. 'do que'?
They are mostly interchangeable, except when the second part of a comparison includes a verb.
E.g., É mais fácil aprender do que praticar
377
Grammar knowledge:
Give four circumstances in which object pronouns must be placed before the verb
In negative statements
After adverbs of time
After indefinite pronouns
After exclamatory / interrogative words
378
Grammar knowledge:
Give three circumstances in which object pronouns are commonly appended after a verb
To avoid starting a sentence with a pronoun
In formal or written language
When a 3rd person pronoun is used alongside an infinitive (DOPs only) - e.g., Eu queria ajudá-lo
379
Grammar knowledge:
In perfect and continuous tenses, what are the rules on how to place direct object pronouns?
How does this differ from indirect object pronouns?
In most cases, DOPs come between the two parts of the verb except in the 3rd person, in negative statements, or in formal / written language.
E.g., Ele tem me ajudado / Eu o tenho ajudado / Ele não me tem ajudado
E.g., Ele está me ajudando / Eu o estou ajudando / Ele não me está ajudando
IOPs follow the same rule, except that there is no difference in the 3rd person.
E.g., Ele tem me dado muito / Eu tenho lhe dado muito / Ele não me tem dado muito
E.g., Ele está me dando muito / Eu estou lhe dando muito / Ele não me está dando muito
380
Grammar knowledge:
What are the rules for appending a direct object pronoun to an infinitive verb?
How does this differ from indirect object pronouns?
In 3rd person only:
Drop final 'r' of infinitive
Add accent to preceding 'a' or 'e' (not 'I')
Add 'l' in front of pronoun
E.g., Decidi comprá-la
This does not apply in 1st or 2nd persons, or to any indirect object pronouns.
381
Grammar knowledge:
What are the rules for appending a direct object pronoun to a first person plural ('-mos') ending?
How does this differ from indirect object pronouns?
Drop final 's' of verb
Add 'l' in front of pronoun
E.g., Vimo-las
This does not apply to any indirect object pronouns.
382
Grammar knowledge:
What are the rules for appending a direct object pronoun to a verb form ending in a nasal sound? (E.g., '-am', '-em', '-ão', '-õe')
How does this differ from indirect object pronouns?
No change to verb form
Add 'n' in front of pronoun
E.g., Comem-no
This does not apply to any indirect object pronouns.
383
Demonstratives:
This thing is here, near me
That thing is there, near you
That thing is over there (i.e. within sight)
That thing is over there (i.e. remote)
Esta coisa está aqui, perto de mim
Essa coisa está aí, perto de você
Aquela coisa está ali
Aquela coisa está lá
(Memory tip: 'Ali' and 'lá' are both associated with the demonstrative adverb 'aquele' - they all contain the letter 'l')
384
Grammar knowledge:
What are the rules for using 'seu/sua(s)' vs. 'dele/dela(s)' as possessives?
In general, use 'seu/sua' to mean 'yours'. While it can mean 'his/hers' too in written language, in the spoken language 'dele/dela' is preferred.
In general, use 'deles/delas' to mean 'theirs'. While 'seus/suas' also means 'theirs' in written language, in the spoken language this form is not used.
The possessive for 'yours plural' is simply 'de vocês', not 'seus/suas'.
385
Grammar knowledge:
What happens to the spelling of 'que' or 'por que' when it falls at the end of a sentence?
Que becomes quê
386
Passive voice:
Blood samples are collected from the umbilical cord
Amostras de sangue são colhidas do cordão umbilical
387
Passive voice:
The bottles will be recycled
As garrafas serão recicladas
388
Passive voice:
She was admired by the other students
Ela era admirada pelas outras alunas
389
Passive voice:
The dictionary is being updated
O dicionário está sendo atualizado
390
Passive voice:
The dead have already been buried
Os mortas já tinham sido enterrados
391
Passive voice:
Five people were (lit. became) injured
Cinco pessoas ficaram feridas
392
Passive voice:
I'm scared of getting stuck in the lift
Tenho medo de ficar preso no elevador
393
Passive voice:
The list is ordered alphabetically
A lista está ordenada alfabeticamente
394
Passive voice:
The man was bitten by the dog
O homen foi mordido pelo cachorro
395
Choosing a tense:
We've lived here three years
Moramos aqui há três anos
(Present tenses used to describe actions that started in the past and continue in the present)
396
Choosing a tense:
How long have you been studying Portuguese?
Faz quanto tempo que você esta português?
(Present tenses used to describe actions that started in the past and continue in the present)
397
Choosing a tense:
I've been waiting for you for half an hour already
Já faz meia hora que estou te esperando
(Present tenses used to describe actions that started in the past and continue in the present)
398
Choosing a tense:
I'll call you
Eu te ligo
(Present tense used to make spontaneous statements about the future. Note: future tense would also be correct here, though more formal)
399
Choosing a tense:
I'll stay three nights
Eu fico três noites
(Present tense used to make spontaneous statements about the future. Note: future tense would also be correct here, though more formal)
400
Choosing a tense:
He used to speak Japanese with his grandparents
Ele falava japonês com os avós
(Imperfect tense used to describe habitual or repeated actions in the past, as in 'used to')
401
Choosing a tense:
At that time, we didn't eat much meat
Naquela época, comíamos pouca carne
(Imperfect tense used to describe habitual or repeated actions in the past, as in 'used to')
402
Choosing a tense:
It was the middle of summer and the heat was unbearable
Era pleno verão e fazia um calor insuportável
(Imperfect tense used in descriptions or storytelling in the past)
403
Choosing a tense:
She was a tall, thin girl
Ela era uma menina alta e magra
(Imperfect tense used in descriptions or storytelling in the past)
404
Choosing a tense:
They were eating dinner when the police arrived
Eles jantavam quando a polícia chegou
(Imperfect tense used to correspond to the English past continuous, as in 'was/were doing')
405
Choosing a tense:
Could you help me?
Podia me ajudar?
(Imperfect tense sometimes used to replace conditional)
406
Choosing a tense:
He said he would come at one
Ele disse que vinha à uma
(Imperfect tense sometimes used to replace conditional)
407
Choosing a tense:
If I was you, I'd leave it like that
Se fosse você, eu deixava assim
(Imperfect tense sometimes used to replace conditional)
408
Choosing a tense:
The child hadn't spoken since the death of her mother
A criança não falava desde a morte da mãe
(Imperfect tense used to describe actions that started in the past and continued up to the present, where English would employ the pluperfect)
409
Choosing a tense:
Paulo fell down the stairs and broke his leg
O Paulo caiu da escada e quebrou a perna
(Preterite tense used to describe one-off, finite, or completed events)
410
Choosing a tense:
I went to the supermarket three times in one day
Fui ao supermercado três vezes num dia
(Preterite tense used to describe one-off, finite, or completed events)
411
Choosing a tense:
They lived in the US for 20 years
Eles moraram vinte anos nos Estados Unidos
(Preterite tense used to describe one-off, finite, or completed events)
412
Choosing a tense:
You look lovely in that dress!
Você ficou linda nessa vestido!
(Preterite tense used to describe first impressions of something, instead of English present tense)
413
Choosing a tense:
What do you think of this ice cream? Do you like it?
O que (é que) você achou desse sorvete? Gostou?
(Preterite tense used to describe first impressions of something, instead of English present tense)
414
Choosing a tense:
He has been working a lot in recent months
Ele tem trabalhado muito nos últimos meses
(Perfect tense used to correspond to English perfect continuous 'have been doing')
415
Choosing a tense:
He was been working a lot since he got promoted
Ele trabalha muito desde que foi promovido
(Perfect tense usually used to correspond to English perfect continuous 'have been doing', but when sentence gives an indication of how long something has been going on, present tense is used instead)
416
Choosing a tense:
He had advised he would arrive late
Ele tinha avisado (OR ele avisou) que chegaria tarde / atrasado
(Pluperfect tense used to correspond to English pluperfect 'had done', but often replaced with preterite in spoken language)
417
Choosing a tense:
Sergio had been working for the company since 1988
O Sérgio trabalhava na empresa desde mil novecentos e oitenta e nove
(Pluperfect tense usually used to correspond to English pluperfect 'had done', but when sentence gives an indication of how long something has been going on, imperfect tense is used instead)
418
Choosing a tense:
The terrorists will have achieved their objective
Os terroristas terão alcançado seu objetivo
(Future perfect tense)
419
Choosing a tense:
He said he would call me today
Ele falou que me ligaria (OR ligava OR ia me ligar) hoje
(Conditional tense rarely used in spoken language, where imperfect is used instead. Conditional is also often replaced with the imperfect form of the verb 'ir' followed by the infinitive, as in the English 'was going to')
420
Choosing a tense:
You could go by train
Você poderia ir (OR podia ir) de trem
(Conditional tense rarely used in spoken language, where imperfect is used instead)
421
Choosing a tense:
He said he would / was going to help me
Ele disse que me ajudaria (OR ia me ajudar)
(Conditional tense also often replaced with the imperfect form of the verb 'ir' followed by the infinitive, as in the English 'was going to')
422
Choosing a tense:
If it wasn't for the nanny, the baby would have died
Se não fosse a babá, o bebê teria morrido (OR tinha morrido)
(Conditional perfect tense often replaced by the pluperfect in speech and less formal writing)
423
Choosing a tense:
The Brazilian aviator was a brilliant man
O aviador brasileiro era um homem brilhante
(Imperfect tense used in descriptions or storytelling in the past)
424
Choosing a tense:
Ayrton Senna was world champion for the first time in 1988
Ayrton Senna foi campeão mundial pela primeira vez em mil novecentos e oitenta e oito
(Preterite tense used to describe one-off, finite, or completed events)
425
Choosing a tense:
We lived in Curitiba for three years
Moramos em Curitiba por / durante três anos
(Preterite tense used to describe one-off, finite, or completed events)
426
Choosing a tense:
Susana was born in Porto Alegre, where her father worked as a teacher
A Susana nasceu em Porto Alegre, onde o pai dela trabalhava como professor
(Preterite tense used to describe one-off, finite, or completed events; Imperfect tense used to correspond to the English past continuous, as in 'was/were doing')
427
Choosing a tense:
I went to Salvador several times when I lived in Brazil
Fui para Salvador várias vezes quando morava no Brasil
(Preterite tense used to describe one-off, finite, or completed events; Imperfect tense used to correspond to the English past continuous, as in 'was/were doing')
428
Choosing a tense:
The bank opened at 10, but that day it opened a bit later
O banco abria às dez, mas naquele dia abriu um pouco mais tarde
(Imperfect tense used to describe habitual or repeated actions in the past, as in 'used to'; Preterite tense used to describe one-off, finite, or completed events)
429
Choosing a tense:
I found the book more interesting than I expected
Achei o livro mais interessante do que eu esperava
(Preterite tense used to describe one-off, finite, or completed events; Imperfect tense used to correspond to the English past continuous, as in 'was/were doing')
430
Choosing a tense:
They will arrive on Friday
Eles chegarão (OR chegam OR vão chegar) na sexta-feira
(Present tense used to make spontaneous statements about the future)
431
Choosing a tense:
One day you will regret it
Um dia você se arrependerá (OR vai se arrepender)
(Future tense)
432
Choosing a tense:
We will help those who need it
Ajudaremos (OR vamos ajudar) quem precisar
433
Choosing a tense:
I will get in touch when I return from my trip
Entrarei (OR vou entrar OR entro) em contato quando voltar da viagem
(Present tense used to make spontaneous statements about the future)
434
Choosing a tense:
If he gets this question right, he will win a car
Se acertar essa pergunta, ela ganhará (OR ganha) um carro
(Present tense used to make spontaneous statements about the future)
435
Choosing a tense:
We are sure that you (pl.) will enjoy yourselves a lot
Temos certeza de que vocês se divertirão (OR vão se divertir) muito
436
Choosing a tense:
She said that she would return at the end of the month
Ela disse que voltaria (OR voltava OR ia voltar) no final do mês
(Conditional tense rarely used in spoken language, where imperfect is used instead. Conditional is also often replaced with the imperfect form of the verb 'ir' followed by the infinitive, as in the English 'was going to')
437
Choosing a tense:
If I won the lottery, I would buy a helicopter
Se eu ganhasse na loteria, compraria (OR comprava OR ia comprar) um helicóptero
(Conditional tense rarely used in spoken language, where imperfect is used instead. Conditional is also often replaced with the imperfect form of the verb 'ir' followed by the infinitive, as in the English 'was going to')
438
Choosing a tense:
What would you do in my situation?
O que você faria (OR fazia OR ia fazer) na minha situação?
(Conditional tense rarely used in spoken language, where imperfect is used instead. Conditional is also often replaced with the imperfect form of the verb 'ir' followed by the infinitive, as in the English 'was going to')
439
Choosing a tense:
The candidate guaranteed that he would not raise taxes
O candidato garantiu que não aumentaria (OR aumentava OR ia aumentar) os impostos
(Conditional tense rarely used in spoken language, where imperfect is used instead. Conditional is also often replaced with the imperfect form of the verb 'ir' followed by the infinitive, as in the English 'was going to')
440
Choosing a tense:
The new law would end the arms trade
A nova lei acabaria (OR acabava OR ia acabar) com o comércio de armas
(Conditional tense rarely used in spoken language, where imperfect is used instead. Conditional is also often replaced with the imperfect form of the verb 'ir' followed by the infinitive, as in the English 'was going to')
441
Choosing a tense:
If that were the case, he would have warned us
Se fosse assim, ele teria (OR tinha OR ia ter) nos avisado
(Conditional tense rarely used in spoken language, where imperfect is used instead. Conditional is also often replaced with the imperfect form of the verb 'ir' followed by the infinitive, as in the English 'was going to')
442
Choosing a tense:
I don't think I could handle so much pressure
Acho que eu não aguentaria (OR aguentava OR ia aguentar) tanta pressão
(Conditional tense rarely used in spoken language, where imperfect is used instead. Conditional is also often replaced with the imperfect form of the verb 'ir' followed by the infinitive, as in the English 'was going to')
443
Choosing a tense:
Why would they put their own children's lives at risk?
Por que (é que) eles poriam (OR punham OR iam pôr) em risco a vida dos próprios filhos?
(Conditional tense rarely used in spoken language, where imperfect is used instead. Conditional is also often replaced with the imperfect form of the verb 'ir' followed by the infinitive, as in the English 'was going to')
444
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
It's rare for Pedro to be late
É raro o Pedro atrasar (OR que o Pedro se atrase)
(Personal infinitive - BUT personal infinitive can often be replaced with 'que' and a subordinate clause, allowing you to use a conjugated verb instead, in this case the present tense.)
445
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
She left without me knowing
Ela saiu sem eu saber
(Personal infinitive)
446
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
It's dangerous for the children to play on the trails
É perigoso as crianças brincarem (OR que as crianças brincam) nos trilhos
(Personal infinitive - BUT personal infinitive can often be replaced with 'que' and a subordinate clause, allowing you to use a conjugated verb instead - in this case the present tense.)
447
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
I remember them telling (lit. 'having told') me
Eu lembro de eles terem me falado (OR que eles me falaram)
(Personal infinitive - BUT personal infinitive can often be replaced with 'que' and a subordinate clause, allowing you to use a conjugated verb instead - in this case the preterite tense.)
448
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
Certain changes are necessary for us to be able to sign the contract
Certas mudanças são necessárias para nós podermos assinar o contrato
(Personal infinitive)
449
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
You (pl.) are in danger. You'd best (i.e. 'it's best you') stay here for the time being.
Vocês estão em perigo. É melhor ficarem (OR que vocês fiquem) aqui por enquanto
(Personal infinitive - BUT personal infinitive can often be replaced with 'que' and a subordinate clause, allowing you to use a conjugated verb instead - in this case the present subjunctive.)
450
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
Him being a Buddhist doesn't get in the way of our relationship
Ele ser budista não atrapalha a nossa relação
(Personal infinitive - this formation could be avoided by saying 'o fato que ele é budista...')
451
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
Helen prepared a party for us to celebrate her victory
Helen preparou uma festa para nós comemorarmos a sua vitória
(Personal infinitive)
452
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
He phoned before we left
Ele telefonou antes de nós sairmos
(Personal infinitive after a preposition. Note that this sentence can also be translated as 'He phoned before our leaving'.)
453
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
Wait until I finish speaking
Espere até eu terminar de falar
(Personal infinitive after a preposition. Note that this sentence can also be translated as 'Wait until my finishing speaking'.)
454
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
I don't feel sorry for them despite the fact that they are underage
Não tenho pena deles apesar de serem menores
(Personal infinitive after a preposition. Note that this sentence can also be translated as 'I don’t feel sorry for them despite their being underage'.)
455
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
I will not leave home before you arrive
Eu não vou sair de casa antes de vocês chegarem
(Personal infinitive after a preposition. Note that this sentence can also be translated as 'I will not leave home before you arriving'.)
456
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
The fact that they don't understand the language
O fato de eles não entenderem a língua
(Personal infinitive after a preposition. Note that this sentence can also be translated as 'The fact of their not understanding the language'.)
457
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
Before the plane takes off
Antes de o avião decolar
(Personal infinitive after a preposition. Note that this sentence can also be translated as 'Before the plane's taking off'.)
458
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
I stopped the car for them to get out
Parei o carro para eles saírem
(Personal infinitive)
459
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
She treated us like that because we're (lit. 'for being') foreigners
Ela nos tratou assim por sermos estrangeiros
(Personal infinitive - this formation could be avoided by saying '...porque somos estrangeiros')
460
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
He saw the thieves jump over the wall
Ele viu os ladrões pularem (OR pular) or muro
(After certain verbs - ver, ouvir, escutar, sentir, deixar, fazer, mandar - the personal infinitive is optional.)
461
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
They didn't let me any my friends enter
Não deixaram a mim e aos meus amigos entrarmos (OR entrar)
(After certain verbs - ver, ouvir, escutar, sentir, deixar, fazer, mandar - the personal infinitive is optional.)
462
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
Tell them to come in
Mande eles entrarem OR Mande-os entrar
(After certain verbs - ver, ouvir, escutar, sentir, deixar, fazer, mandar - the personal infinitive is optional, but you need to take care with pronouns. With unstressed pronouns ('os'), only the impersonal infinitive can be used.)
463
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
Without making a noise, we opened the door
Sem fazer (OR fazermos) barulho, abrimos a porta
(When the infinitive expression precedes or is separated from the main clause, the personal infinitive is optional.)
464
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
They began, after much discussion, to knock the wall down
Começaram, depois de muita discussão, a derrubarem (OR derrubar) a parede
(When the infinitive expression precedes or is separated from the main clause, the personal infinitive is optional.)
465
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
They went for six months without speaking to each other
Passaram seis meses sem se falarem
(Personal infinitive)
466
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
They disguised themselves so as not to be discovered
Eles se disfarçaram para não serem descobertos
(Personal infinitive)
467
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
On entering the church, they took off their hats
Ao entrarem na igreja, tiraram o chapéu
(Personal infinitive)
468
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
The referee made a mistake in not sending the player off
O árbitro errou ao não expulsar o jogador
(Personal infinitive - this formation could be avoided by saying '...quando não expulsou...')
469
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
The rules to be respected
As regras a serem respeitadas
(Personal infinitive)
470
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
This is the last chance for the players to bring (lit. give) joy to the Brazilian people
Esta é a última chance de os jogadores darem alegria ao povo brasileiro
(Personal infinitive)
470
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
After arriving home, they called Emanuel
Depois de chegarem em casa, ligaram para o Emanuel
(Personal infinitive after a preposition. Note that this sentence can also be translated as 'After their arriving home...')
471
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
As we got on the train, it left
Ao entrarmos no trem, ele partiu
(Personal infinitive after a preposition. Note that this sentence can also be translated as 'Upon our getting on the train, it left'. This formation could be avoided by saying 'as soon as we got on...' or 'assim que entramos...', allowing us to use a conjugated verb instead - in this case the present tense)
472
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
As (use 'por') they arrived early at their final destination, they decided to rest a bit before leaving
Por chegarem cedo ao seu destino final, resolveram descansar um pouco antes de sair
(Personal infinitive after a preposition. Note that this sentence can also be translated as 'Due to their arriving early...'. This formation could be avoided by saying 'porque eles chegaram cedo...', allowing us to use a conjugated verb instead - in this case the preterite tense)
473
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
It's good (for us) to get this over with soon
É bom terminarmos (OR que terminemos) isso logo
(Personal infinitive - BUT personal infinitive can often be replaced with 'que' and a subordinate clause, allowing you to use a conjugated verb instead - in this case the present subjunctive.)
474
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
I heard it said that the trip to Brazil was great
Ouvi dizerem que a viagem para o Brasil foi ótima
(Personal infinitive used in third person plural to express that the source is vague. We could simply say 'ouvi dizer' using the impersonal infinitive instead, but it doesn't express the same idea of credibility regarding the information coming from a source.)
475
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
I heard that they were talking about Paul
Ouvi conversarem (OR ouvi que conversaram) sobre o Paulo
(Personal infinitive - BUT personal infinitive can often be replaced with 'que' and a subordinate clause, allowing you to use a conjugated verb instead, in this case the preterite tense.)
476
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
It's good for them to stay indoors during storms
É bom eles ficarem (OR que eles fiquem) em casa durante tempestades
(Personal infinitive - BUT personal infinitive can often be replaced with 'que' and a subordinate clause, allowing you to use a conjugated verb instead, in this case the present subjunctive.)
477
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
I saw the boys leaving the room
Vi os rapazes sair (OR saírem) da sala
(After certain verbs - ver, ouvir, escutar, sentir, deixar, fazer, mandar - the personal infinitive is optional.)
478
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
We heard the dogs bark(ing).
Ouvimos os cachorros latir (OR latirem)
(After certain verbs - ver, ouvir, escutar, sentir, deixar, fazer, mandar - the personal infinitive is optional.)
479
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
I think it's better for you to go shopping with them
Acho melhor você ir (OR que você vá) às compras come eles
(Personal infinitive - BUT personal infinitive can often be replaced with 'que' and a subordinate clause, allowing you to use a conjugated verb instead, in this case the present subjunctive.)
480
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
It's good for them to dance
É bom eles dançarem (OR que eles dancem)
(Personal infinitive - BUT personal infinitive can often be replaced with 'que' and a subordinate clause, allowing you to use a conjugated verb instead, in this case the present subjunctive.)
481
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
It's mandatory for us to wash our hands
É obrigatório lavarmos as mãos
(Personal infinitive)
482
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
It's weird for them to be like that
É estranho eles serem assim
(Personal infinitive)
483
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
The task is for them to do
A tarefa é para eles fazerem
(Personal infinitive)
484
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
We didn't go due to (our) being tired
Não fomos por estarmos cansados
(Personal infinitive)
485
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
I love you due to you being so kind
Eu te amo por ser tão gentil
(Personal infinitive - this formation could be avoided by saying 'porque você é...')
486
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
Upon finding their father dead, they phoned the police
Ao encontrarem o pai morto, telefonaram para a polícia
(Personal infinitive - this formation could be avoided by saying 'quando eles encontrou...')
487
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
Before eating lunch, the children have to wash their hands
Antes de almoçarem, as crianças têm que lavar as mãos
(Personal infinitive)
488
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
I think we should warn them before arriving
Acho que nós deveríamos avisá-los antes de chegar
(Impersonal infinitive because subject of the infinitive is the same as main verb)
489
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
Let's try to solve this problem without the boss finding out
Vamos tentar resolver esse problema sem o chefe descobrir
(Personal infinitive)
490
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
I'll take care of your (pl.) son so you can go to the movies
Vou cuidar do filho de vocês para vocês poderem ir ao cinema
(Personal infinitive after a preposition. Note that this sentence can also be translated as 'to enable your going to...')
491
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
After sending the email, I regretted it
Depois de enviar o e-mail, eu me arrependi
(Impersonal infinitive because subject of the infinitive is the same as main verb)
492
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
Instead of taking action, the rulers just keep talking
Em vez de agirem, os governantes só ficam falando
(Personal infinitive after a preposition. Note that this sentence can also be translated as 'instead of them taking action...')
492
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
Don't let the children play in the road
Não deixe as crianças brincarem na rua
(Personal infinitive)
493
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
The teacher told the students to write an essay
O professor mandou os alunos escreverem uma redação
(Personal infinitive)
494
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
After finishing the test, you can leave the room
Depois de terminarem a prova, vocês podem sair da sala
(Personal infinitive)
495
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
I'm rooting for these two characters to get together at the end of the soap opera
Estou torcendo para esses dois personagens ficarem juntos no final da novela
(Personal infinitive - this formation could be avoided by saying 'estou torcendo que esses dois personages fiquem juntos...')
496
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
It's impossible (for us) to accept these conditions
É impossível aceitarmos estas condições
(Personal infinitive - this formation could be avoided by saying 'é impossível que aceitamos...')
497
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
The likelihood of such a thing happening is minimal
A possibilidade de tal coisa acontecer é mínima
(Personal infinitive - this formation could be avoided by saying 'a possibilidade de que tal coisa aconteça...')
498
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
I'm sorry you didn't like the presentation
Sinto muito você não ter gostado da apresentação
(Personal infinitive - this formation could be avoided by saying 'sinto muito que você não tenha gostado...')
499
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
How is it he managed to escape without you (pl.) realising?
Como é que ele conseguiu fugir sem vocês perceberem?
(Personal infinitive - this formation could be avoided by saying '...sem que vocês percebessem')
500
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
You must sit quietly until the others have finished their test
Você deve ficar sentado em silêncio até os outros terminarem a prova
(Personal infinitive - this formation could be avoided by saying '...até que os outros terminem a prova')
501
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
It's important you say what you think
É importante vocês dizerem o que acham
(Personal infinitive - this formation could be avoided by saying 'É importante que vocês digam...')
502
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
He held my hand so I wouldn't fall
Ele segurou a minha mão para eu não cair
(Personal infinitive - this formation could be avoided by saying '...para que eu não caísse')
503
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
It's surprising he did such a thing
É surpreendente ele ter feito uma coisa dessas
(Personal infinitive - this formation could be avoided by saying 'É surpreendente que ele tenha feito...')
504
Personal vs. Impersonal Infinitives:
The police officer ordered the curious to move away
O policial mandou os curiosos se afastarem
(Personal infinitive - this formation could be avoided by saying '...sem que vocês percebessem')
505
Reflexive verbs:
He hid (himself) behind a tree
Ele se escondeu atrás de um árvore
506
Reflexive verbs:
They dress (themselves) very well
Eles se vestem muito bem
507
Reflexive verbs:
We identify (ourselves) with the characters
Nós nos identificamos com os personagens
508
Reflexive verbs:
The relationship that has developed between them
A relação que se desenvolveu entre eles
509
Reflexive verbs:
The illness spreads quickly through the body
A doença se espalha rapidamente pelo corpo
510
Reflexive verbs:
The sun sets (itself) around 6 o'clock
O sol se põe por volta das seis horas
511
Reflexive verbs:
I saw the two of them kissing (each other)
Vi os dois se beijando
(Reciprocal usage)
512
Reflexive verbs:
I don't understand why you two like each other so much
Não entendo por que vocês dois se gostam tanto
(Reciprocal usage)
513
Reflexive verbs:
We bought each other the same Christmas present
Nós nos compramos o mesmo presente de Natal
(Reciprocal usage)
514
Reflexive verbs:
It was an opportunity for us to get to know one another
Foi uma oportunidade para nós nos conhecermos uns aos outros
(Reciprocal usage - the 'uns aos outros' is optional but adds greater emphasis)
515
Reflexive verbs:
I was surprised by his reaction
Eu me surpreendi com a reação dele
(Reflexive verbs used to signify a change in emotional state; in informal speech this would usually be changed to 'Eu fiquei surpreso...')
516
Reflexive verbs:
Don't stress
Não se estresse
(Reflexive verbs used to signify a change in emotional state; in informal speech this would usually be changed to 'Não fique estressado')
517
Reflexive verbs:
The priest knelt before the altar
O padre se ajoelhou diante do altar
(Reflexive verbs used to signify a change of physical or bodily position)
518
Reflexive verbs:
I got up early today
Eu me levantei cedo hoje
(Reflexive verbs used to signify a change of physical or bodily position)
519
Reflexive verbs:
One eats well in the local restaurants
Come-se bem nos restaurantes do bairro
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement)
520
Reflexive verbs:
At that time, people didn't go out at night
Naquela época, não se saía na rua à noite
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement)
521
Reflexive verbs:
English spoken here (i.e. on a sign)
Aqui se fala inglés
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement)
522
Reflexive verbs:
People tend to underestimate the difficulties
Tende-se a subestimar as dificuldades
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement)
523
Reflexive verbs:
No smoking here
Não se pode fumar aqui
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement)
524
Reflexive verbs:
You never know
Nunca se sabe
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement)
525
Reflexive verbs:
One should always question oneself
Deve-se sempre questionar a si mesmo
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement. In addition here, the unstressed reflexive pronoun 'se' has a corresponding stressed form 'si', which is used after prepositions.)
526
Reflexive verbs:
Each passenger can take one piece of baggage with them
Cada passageiro pode levar consigo uma peça de bagagem
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement. In addition here, the unstressed reflexive pronoun 'se' has a corresponding stressed form 'si', which is used after prepositions)
527
Reflexive verbs:
You will have to look after yourself
Você vai ter que cuidar de você mesmo
(The unstressed reflexive pronoun 'se' has a corresponding stressed form 'si', which is used after prepositions. However, an alternative to this is to revert to the non-reflexive pronoun after the preposition instead, with the optional inclusion of 'mesmo/a'. E.g., Você vai ter que cuidar de si mesmo)
528
Reflexive verbs:
The president takes the First Lady along with him when he travels
O presidente leva a primeira dama junto com ele quando viaja
(The unstressed reflexive pronoun 'se' has a corresponding stressed form 'si', which is used after prepositions. However, an alternative to this is to revert to the non-reflexive pronoun after the preposition instead, with the optional inclusion of 'mesmo/a'. E.g., O presidente leva a primeira dama consigo quando viaja)
529
Reflexive verbs:
He fell off his bike and hurt himself
Ele caiu da bicicleta e se machucou
530
Reflexive verbs:
If you give up on your studies now, you will regret it later
Se você largar os seus estudos agora, você vai se arrepender depois
531
Reflexive verbs:
I arranged to meet him tomorrow, after work
Combinei de me encontrar com ele amanhã, depois do trabalho
532
Reflexive verbs:
We had a lot of fun at the nightclub
Nós nos divertimos muito na boate
533
Reflexive verbs:
I chatted with my sister while she was putting on her make-up in front of the mirror
Fiquei conversando com a minha irmã enquanto ela se maquiava na frente do espelho
534
Reflexive verbs:
Do you (pl.) remember that trip we took to Búzios?
Vocês se lembram daquela viagem que fizemos a Búzios?
535
Reflexive verbs:
John couldn't contain himself and started shouting
O João não se conteve e começou a gritar
536
Reflexive verbs:
The police were called when the protesters refused to leave the building
A polícia foi acionada quando os manifestantes se recusaram a deixar o prédio
537
Reflexive verbs:
Conservatives always oppose any change in the law
Os conservadores sempre se opõem a qualquer mudança da lei
538
Reflexive verbs:
I was surprised at the things she said
Eu me surpreendi com as coisas que ela falou
(Reflexive verbs used to signify a change in emotional state; in informal speech this would usually be changed to 'Eu fiquei surpreso...')
539
Reflexive verbs:
She got emotional when she talked about her son
Ela se emocionou quando falou do filho
(Reflexive verbs used to signify a change in emotional state; in informal speech this would usually be changed to 'Ela ficou emocionada...')
540
Reflexive verbs:
The fire spread rapidly
O fogo se alastrou rapidamente
541
Reflexive verbs:
I burnt myself on the pan
Eu me queimei na panela
542
Reflexive verbs:
He bent down to tie his shoe
Ele se abaixou para amarrar o sapato
(Reflexive verbs used to signify a change of physical or bodily position)
543
Reflexive verbs:
We hugged (each other) and she left
Nós nos abraçamos e ela foi embora
(Reciprocal usage)
544
Reflexive verbs:
A stain was forming on the wall
Uma mancha se formava na parede
545
Reflexive verbs:
Sit down, please
Sentem-se, por favor
(Reflexive verbs used to signify a change of physical or bodily position)
546
Reflexive verbs:
He was looking at himself in the mirror
Ele se olhava no espelho
547
Reflexive verbs:
The two can't stand each other
Os dois não se suportam
(Reciprocal usage)
548
Reflexive verbs:
Don't worry
Não se preocupe
(Reflexive verbs used to signify a change in emotional state; in informal speech this would usually be changed to 'Não fique preocupado')
549
Reflexive verbs:
French isn't studied at school any more
Não se estuda mais francês na escola
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement)
550
Reflexive verbs:
Rooms for rent (i.e. on a sign)
Alugam-se quartos
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement)
551
Reflexive verbs:
Such actions cannot be justified
Não se podem justificar tais atos
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement)
552
Reflexive verbs:
Within the company there is talk of dismissals / lay-offs
Dentro da empresa fala-se em demissões
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement)
553
Reflexive verbs:
The author of the play is presumed to be Shakespeare
Presume-se que o autor da peça é Shakespeare
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement)
554
Reflexive verbs:
Shoes repaired here (i.e. on a sign)
Consertam-se sapatos
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement)
555
Reflexive verbs:
English professor wanted (i.e. in a newspaper ad)
Procura-se professor de inglês
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement)
556
Reflexive verbs:
Note that the days of the week are written in lower case in Portuguese
Note-se que os dias da semana se escrevem com minúscula em português
(Reflexive verbs used to create an impersonal or general statement)
557
Reflexive verbs:
We enjoyed ourselves last night
Nós nos divertimos ontem à noite
558
Reflexive verbs:
That fruit is called 'graviola' in Portuguese
Aquela fruta se chama 'graviola' em português
559
Reflexive verbs:
They love each other very much
Eles se amam muito
560
Reflexive verbs:
I hurt myself when I fell over
Eu me machuquei quando caí
561
Reflexive verbs:
They only think of themselves
Eles só pensam neles mesmos
562
Reflexive verbs:
Everyone should take care of themselves
Cada um deve cuidar de si mesmo
563
Reflexive verbs:
She blames herself for what happened
Ela se culpa pelo o que aconteceu
564
Reflexive verbs:
One can only count on oneself
Só se pode contar consigo mesmo
565
Auxiliary verbs:
I have just arrived
Eu acabei de chegar
(Acabar can be used to mean 'to finish doing' or 'to have just done' when used with an infinitive, or 'to end up doing' when used with the gerund)
566
Auxiliary verbs:
He had just finished dinner
Ele tinha acabado de jantar
(Acabar can be used to mean 'to finish doing' or 'to have just done' when used with an infinitive, or 'to end up doing' when used with the gerund)
567
Auxiliary verbs:
Brasilia had just been built
Brasília acabava de ser construída
(Acabar can be used to mean 'to finish doing' or 'to have just done' when used with an infinitive, or 'to end up doing' when used with the gerund)
568
Auxiliary verbs:
We ended up sleeping on the floor
Acabamos dormindo no chão
(Acabar can be used to mean 'to finish doing' or 'to have just done' when used with an infinitive, or 'to end up doing' when used with the gerund)
569
Auxiliary verbs:
The police eventually caught the thief
A polícia acabou prendendo o ladrão
(Acabar can be used to mean 'to finish doing' or 'to have just done' when used with an infinitive, or 'to end up doing' when used with the gerund)
570
Auxiliary verbs:
What have you been doing lately?
O que é que você anda fazendo?
(Andar can be use with the gerund to mean 'have been doing')
571
Auxiliary verbs:
God willing, we shall succeed
Se Deus quiser, haveremos de conseguir
(Haver can be used with the infinitive to mean 'shall, will' in very formal usage. In this case Haver is used in the future tense)
572
Auxiliary verbs:
You can get on with packing the suitcases
Pode ir fazendo as malas
(Ir can be used with the gerund to mean 'to keep doing, get on with doing')
573
Auxiliary verbs:
This could turn out to damage the company's image
Isso pode vir a comprometer a imagem da empresa
(Vir can be used with infinitive to mean 'to end up doing, turn out to do')
574
Auxiliary verbs:
She's always losing her keys
Ela vive perdendo as chaves
(Viver can be used with the gerund to mean 'to always be doing something')
575
Auxiliary verbs:
The two are always fighting
Os dois viviam brigando
(Viver can be used with the gerund to mean 'to always be doing something')
576
Auxiliary verbs:
Keep going / Go ahead; I'll catch up with you later
Vão indo, que eu alcanço vocês depois
(Ir can be used with the gerund to mean 'to keep doing, get on with doing')
577
Auxiliary verbs:
That decision turned out to be the most important of her life
Essa decisão veio a ser a mais importante da vida dela
(Vir can be used with infinitive to mean 'to end up doing, turn out to do')
577
Auxiliary verbs:
I ended up giving up and going home
Acabei desistindo e voltando para casa
(Acabar can be used to mean 'to finish doing' or 'to have just done' when used with an infinitive, or 'to end up doing' when used with the gerund)
578
Auxiliary verbs:
You may come to regret giving up your studies
Você pode vir a se arrepender de ter largado os estudos
(Vir can be used with infinitive to mean 'to end up doing, turn out to do')
579
Auxiliary verbs:
The staff have been complaining for some time now
Os funcionários andam reclamando já há algum tempo
(Andar can be use with the gerund to mean 'have been doing')
580
Auxiliary verbs:
Are you already leaving? But you just arrived!
Vocês já vão embora? Mas acabarem de chegar!
(Acabar can be used to mean 'to finish doing' or 'to have just done' when used with an infinitive, or 'to end up doing' when used with the gerund)
581
Auxiliary verbs:
God willing, they will survive
Se Deus quiser, eles haverão de sobreviver
(Haver can be used with the infinitive to mean 'shall, will' in very formal usage. In this case Haver is used in the future tense)
582
Auxiliary verbs:
The technician came to fix the washing machine
O técnico veio consertar a máquina de lavar roupa
(Vir can be used with infinitive to mean 'to come to do, to end up doing, turn out to do')
583
Auxiliary verbs:
He's always hurting himself
Ele vive se machucando
(Viver can be used with the gerund to mean 'to always be doing something')
584
Auxiliary verbs:
Tourism in Brazil has been growing in recent years
O turismo no Brasil vem crescendo nos últimos anos
(Vir can be used with the gerund to mean 'to have been doing')
585
Auxiliary verbs:
I had just sat down to watch the game when the doorbell rang
Eu tinha acabado de sentar para assister o jogo quando a campainha tocou
(Acabar can be used to mean 'to finish doing' or 'to have just done' when used with an infinitive, or 'to end up doing' when used with the gerund)
Portuguese
flashcards
Decks in class (62)
# Cards
-
Nations & Nationalities67
-
Intros & Making Plans116
-
Professions105
-
Describing People (Physical)60
-
Describing Things91
-
Character Attributes106
-
Feelings107
-
Time & Date91
-
Numbers97
-
Weather & Seasons49
-
Routines & Chores34
-
House & Garden90
-
Directions & Whereabouts55
-
Around Town56
-
Driving66
-
Transport45
-
Holidays & Reservations110
-
The Countryside88
-
Animals136
-
Society, Politics & Debate76
-
Crime, Disaster & Reporting111
-
The Environment11
-
Clothes86
-
Food & Groceries104
-
In The Kitchen57
-
Toys, Games & Hobbies38
-
Fairytales & Storytelling49
-
Traditions & Culture54
-
Sports37
-
School41
-
Technology19
-
Tools & Industry23
-
Body & Medicine153
-
Religion & Spirituality24
-
Structuring Sentences & Arguments41
-
Idioms & Turns of Phrase49
-
Verbs (Vocab)241
-
Conjugations - Present Tense106
-
Conjugations - Preterite Tense105
-
Conjugations - Imperfect Tense105
-
Conjugations - Future Tense105
-
Conjugations - Conditional Tense105
-
Conjugations - Imperative Tense105
-
Conjugations - Participles105
-
Conjugations - Present Subjunctive Tense105
-
Conjugations - Imperfect Subjunctive Tense105
-
Conjugations - Future Subjunctive Tense105
-
Verb Usage - Present Tense214
-
Verb Usage - Preterite Tense214
-
Verb Usage - Imperfect Tense214
-
Verb Usage - Future Tense210
-
Verb Usage - Imperative Tense101
-
Verb Usage - Participles as Adjectives93
-
Verb Usage - Perfect, Pluperfect & Future Perfect Compound Tenses101
-
Grammar589
-
Tricky Verbs - Pôr, Dar, Vir, Ver, Ler55
-
Verbs with Regular & Irregular Past Participles72
-
Compound Tenses - Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect5
-
Prepositional Verbs60
-
Use of Subjunctive80
-
Ser, Estar, Ficar79
-
Por Vs Para23
