Grammar Flashcards

(341 cards)

1
Q

A: The car has broken down again.
B: This car is useless! It _ (always / break).

A

This car is useless! It is always breaking!

U3

It breaks too often or more often than normal.

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2
Q

A: Oh, I’ve left my phone at home again.
B: Typical! You _ (always / leave) your phone at home.

A

You are always leaving your phone at home.

U3

You do it too often or more often than normal.

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3
Q

Paul is never satisfied. He _ (always / complain).

A

He is always complaining.

U3

He does it too often or more often than normal.

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4
Q

_ (I / think) of selling my car. Would you be interested in buying it?

A

I am thinking of selling my car.

U4

I consider.

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5
Q

Excuse me. _ (anybody / sit / there)?

A

Is anybody sitting there?

U4

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6
Q

Why _ (you / be) so unreasonable about waiting ten more minutes?

A

Why are you being so unreasonable about waiting ten more minutes?

U4

How a person is behaving (=doing something they can control) now.

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7
Q

It’s the first time he _ (drive) a car.

A

It’s the first time he has driven a car.

U8

It’s the first time something has happened.

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8
Q

Sarah has lost her passport again. This is the second time this _ (happen).

A

This is the second time this has happened.

U8

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9
Q

I _ (meet) a lot of people in the last few days.

A

I’ve met a lot of people in the last few days.

U8

A period that continues until now.

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10
Q

_ you _ (hear) anything from Ben recently?

A

Have you heard anything from Ben recently?

U8

A period that continues until now.

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11
Q

I _ (drink) four cups of coffee today.

A

I’ve drinken four cups of coffee today.

U8

A period is not yet finished.

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12
Q

_ you _ (have) a holiday this year?

A

Have you had a holiday this year?

U8

A period that continues until now.

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13
Q

I _ (not / see) Tom this morning.

A

I haven’t seen Tom this morning.

U8

A period that continues until now.

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14
Q

The ground is wet. It _ (rain).

A

It’s been raining.

U9

An activity that has recenty stopped.

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15
Q

Hi, Tom. I _ (look) for you. I need to ask you something.

A

I’ve been looking for you.

U9

An activity that has recenty stopped.

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16
Q

I _ (think) about what you said and I’ve decided to take your advice.

A

I’ve been thinking about what you said.

U9

An activity that has recenty stopped.

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17
Q

Alex _ (get) married next month.

A

Alex is getting married next month. (not will get)

U19

It’s decided and arranged.

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18
Q

What _ you _ (do) tonight?

A

What are you doing tonight? (not will you do)

U19

It’s decided and arranged.

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19
Q

A: I _ (go) to a concert tonight.
B: That’s nice. What time _ (it / start)?

A

A: I’m going to a concert tonight.
B: That’s nice. What time does it start?

U19

It’s decided and arranged. We use the PrS with timetables.

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20
Q

I have to go. My train _ (leave) at 11:30.

A

I have to go. My train leaves at 11:30.

U19

We use the PrS with timetables, programmes, appoitments, etc.

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21
Q

What time _ the film _ (start) tonight?

A

What time does the film start tonight?

U19

We use the PrS with timetables, programmes, appoitments, etc.

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22
Q

A: What would you like to drink?
B: I _ orange juice, please.

A

I’ll have orange juice, please.

U21

I’ve just decided.

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23
Q

I _ (go) on holiday next Saturday.

A

I’m going on holiday next Saturday.

U21

Not I’ll go. It’s been arranged before.

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24
Q

I’ve tried to give her advice, but she _ (not / listen).

A

I’ve tried to give her advice, but she won’t listen.

U21

We use won’t to say that somebody refuses to do something.

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25
I asked Sue what happened, but she _ (not / tell) me.
I asked Sue what happened, but she won't tell me. | U21 ## Footnote We use won't to say that somebody refuses to do something.
26
I hope Kate _ (pass) the driving test.
I hope Kate passes the driving test. | U22 ## Footnote After *I hope*, we generally use the present simple.
27
I hope it _ (not / rain) tomorrow.
I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow. | U22 ## Footnote After *I hope*, we generally use the present simple.
28
Be careful climbing that tree. You _ fall.
You could fall. | U27 ## Footnote In warnings, native speakers usually use *could*. *Can* is also possible. It means falling is a real possibility.
29
This is a wonderful place. I _ stay here forever.
I could stay here forever. | U27 ## Footnote Not *can*. It's unrealistic.
30
A: What shall we do tonight? B: We _ go to the cinema.
could go can go | U27 ## Footnote *Could* is less sure than *can*.
31
This story _ be true, but I don't think it is.
This story could be true. | U27 ## Footnote It's possible.
32
The weather is nice now, but it _ change later.
But it could change later. | U27 ## Footnote It's possible in the future.
33
The weather _ change quickly in the mountains.
The weather can change quickly. | U27 ## Footnote It's a general statement.
34
We had a really good holiday. It _ (not / be) better.
It couldn't have been better. | U27 ## Footnote It would not have been possible in the past.
35
I _ (not / run) ten kilometers now. I'm not fit enough.
I couldn't run ten kilometers now. | U27 ## Footnote It would not be possible now. *Can't* is also possible, but feels stronger.
36
The situation is bad, but it _ (be) worse.
But it could be worse. | U27 ## Footnote It's possible.
37
David was lucky. He _ (hurt) himself when he fell.
He could've hurt himself. | U27 ## Footnote It was possible in the past.
38
I didn't know where Max was, but I _ to find him in the end.
I managed to find him in the end. | U26
39
The fire spread quickly, but everybody _ (escape).
Everybody was able to escape. Everybody managed to escape. | U26
40
I _ (never / live) in Las Vegas—it’s way too noisy!
I could never live in Las Vegas. | U27 ## Footnote It would not be possible now.
41
I _ (go) shopping later. Can I get you anything?
I'll be going shopping later. | U24 ## Footnote Focuses on the action as something already arranged or part of your normal routine. *I'll go shopping* sounds like a decision or a promise.
42
By the end of the trip, she _ (travel) more than 3000 miles.
She will have travelled. | U24 ## Footnote It will be complete before the time in the future.
43
Next year, they _ (marry) for 25 years.
Next year, they will have been married for 25 years. | U24 ## Footnote It will be complete before the time in the future.
44
There's an election next week. Who _ (you / vote) for?
Who will you be voting for? | U24 ## Footnote Frames the choice as part of that ongoing event rather than a snap decision. *Who will you vote* is fine if you're asking about the decision itself.
45
A: Joe is a hard worker. B: Joe? You _ (joke). He doesn't do anything!
You must be joking. | U28 ## Footnote We believe something is certain.
46
You've just had lunch. You _ (be) hungry already!
You can't be hungry already! | U28 ## Footnote We believe something is certain.
47
That reastaurant _ (be) very good. It's always full of people.
That restaurant must be very good. | U28 ## Footnote We believe something is certain.
48
They always stay in five-star hotels. They _ (be) short of money.
They can't be short of money. | U28 ## Footnote We believe something is certain.
49
I've lost one of my gloves. I _ (drop) it somewhere.
I must have dropped it somewhere. | U28 ## Footnote We believe something is certain.
50
Sarah hasn't contacted me. She _ (not / get) my message.
She must not have gotten my message. | U28 ## Footnote We believe something is certain in the past.
51
Paul has had these shoes for years, but they still look new. He _ (not / wear) them much.
He can't have worn them much. | U28 ## Footnote We believe something is certain in the past.
52
A: Mike says he needs to see you. He tried to find you yesterday. B: Well, he _ (try) very hard. I was in my office all day.
He couldn't have tried very hard. | U29 ## Footnote It is not possible.
53
A: Why wasn't Amy at the meeting yesterday? B: She _ (not / know) about it.
She might not have known about it. | U29 ## Footnote It is possible.
54
A: Where is Emma? B: I'm not sure. She _ (watch) TV.
She might be watching TV. | U29 ## Footnote It is possible.
55
If they paid me better, I _ (work) harder.
If they paid me better, I might work harder. | U30 ## Footnote Not *may*. The situation isn't real.
56
We'll have to wait an hour for the next bus. We _ walk.
We might as well walk. | U30 ## Footnote There is no reason not to do it.
57
My old computer isn't worth repairing. I _ get a new one.
I might as well get a new one. | U30 ## Footnote There is no reason not to do it.
58
A: When Tom is coming to see us? B: He hasn't said yet. He _ come on Saturday.
He might come on Saturday. | U30 ## Footnote It's possible.
59
I can come to the meeting, but I _ leave before the end.
I might have to leave before the end. | U30 ## Footnote Perhaps.
60
I'm not sure whether this car park is free or not. We _ pay.
We might have to pay. | U30 ## Footnote Perhaps.
61
Excuse me a moment—I _ make a phone call.
I have to make a phone call. | U31 ## Footnote It is necessary.
62
I couldn't get a taxi last night. I _ walk home.
I had to walk home. | U31 ## Footnote It was necessary.
63
Tom isn't going out this evening. He _ study.
He has to study. | U31 ## Footnote *Not* must. This is a fact, not the speaker's opinion.
64
Julia wears glasses. She _ wear glasses since she was very young.
She has had to wear glasses since she was very young. | U31 ## Footnote It's been necessary.
65
Seat belts _ be worn.
Seat belts must be worn. | U31 ## Footnote *Not* have to. It's a written rule.
66
Applications for the job _ be received by 18 May.
Applications for the job must be received by 18 May. | U31 ## Footnote *Not* have to. It's a written rule or an instruction.
67
I _ eat too much. I'm supposed to be on a diet.
I mustn't eat too much. | U31
68
I promised Kate I'd call her tomorrow. I _ forget.
I mustn't forget. | U31
69
You _ (not / wait) for me. You go on and I'll join you later.
You don't need to wait for me. | U32 ## Footnote It's not necessary.
70
These are important documents. We _ (not / lose) them.
We mustn't lose them. | U32 ## Footnote Don't do it.
71
We have plenty of time. We _ (not / leave) yet.
We don't need to leave yet. | U32 ## Footnote It's not necessary.
72
You _ (not / rush) yesterday. We _ (wait).
You didn't need to rush yesterday. We could've waited. | U32 ## Footnote It wasn't necessary.
73
This train is direct. You (not / change).
You don't need to change. | U32 ## Footnote It's not necessary.
74
A: I've found my phone. B: Oh, good. Where _ it? (you / find) A: _ at the bottom of my bag. (it / be)
B: Where did you find it? A: It was at the bottom of my bag. | U13 ## Footnote We may use the PrP to give new information, but we then switch to the Past Simple.
75
Ellie _ (go) shopping. She'll be back in about an hour.
Ellie has gone shopping. | U13 ## Footnote The action is incomplete. She's still gone.
76
I _ (forget) his name. Is it Joe or Jack?
I've forgotten his name. | U13 ## Footnote I still don't remember it.
77
We _ (wash) the car, but now it's dirty again.
We washed the car. | U13 ## Footnote It happened in the past. It's no longer clean.
78
I studied German at school, but I _ (forget) most of it now.
I've forgotten most of it now. | U13 ## Footnote I don't remember it anymore.
79
It _ (stop) raining for a while, but now it's raining again.
It stopped raining for a while. | U13 ## Footnote It happened in the past. It's raining now.
80
It _ (stop) raining now, so we don't need the umbrella.
It has stopped raining now. | U13 ## Footnote It's no longer raining.
81
My grandfather _ (die) before I was born. I _ (never / meet) him.
My grandfather died before I was born. I *never met* him. | U14 ## Footnote The possibility of meeting him ended in the past.
82
I went to Laura's house this morning and rang her doorbell, but there _ (be) no answer. She _ (go) out.
There was no answer. She'd gone out. | U15 ## Footnote She'd gone out before I rang.
83
I met Joe a few days ago. He _ (just / come) back from holiday. He _ (look) very well.
He'd just come back from holiday. He looked very well. | U15 ## Footnote He'd come back from holiday before we met.
84
Yesterday James _ (get) a phone call from Amy. He _ (be) surprised. He _ (send) her lots of emails, but she _ (never / reply) to them.
Yesterday James got a phone call from Amy. He was surprised. He'd sent her lots of emails, but she'd never replied to them. | U15 ## Footnote James had sent her emails before she called.
85
I _ (like) big cities, but now I prefer countryside.
I used to like big cities. | U18 ## Footnote used to = I did if often in the past, but not anymore
86
I _ (hate) getting up early, but now it's not a problem.
I used to hate getting up early. | U18 ## Footnote used to = I did if often in the past, but not anymore
87
She _ (not / like) cheese, but she eats lots of it now.
She used not to like cheese. She didn't use to like cheese. | U18 ## Footnote used to = I did if often in the past, but not anymore
88
She _ (play) the piano, but she _ (not / play) it for a long time.
She used to play the piano, but she hasn’t played it for a long time. | U18 ## Footnote used to = I did if often in the past, but not anymore
89
Don't forget to lock the door when you _ (go) out.
Don't forget to lock the door when you go out. | U25 ## Footnote We use the present simple after when / while / before / after / until / as soon as.
90
We _ (go) out when it _ (stop) raining.
We'll go out when it stops raining. | U25 ## Footnote We use the present simple after when / while / before / after / until / as soon as.
91
Don't drive through a red light. Wait until it _ (change) to green.
Wait untill it changes to green. | U25 ## Footnote We use the present simple after when / while / before / after / until / as soon as.
92
I _ (make) her some coffee when she _ (come).
I'll make her some coffee when she comes. | U25 ## Footnote We use the present simple after when / while / before / after / until / as soon as.
93
We could meet for coffee tomorrow morning if you _ (be) free.
We could meet for coffee tomorrow morning if you're free. | U25 ## Footnote We use the present simple after if for the future.
94
If the weather _ (be) nice tomorrow, we _ (go) to the beach.
If the weather is nice tomorrow, we're going to the beach. | U25 ## Footnote We use the present simple after if for the future.
95
I want to see Sophie before she _ (go) away next week.
I want to see Sophie before she goes away next week. | U25 ## Footnote We use the present simple after when / while / before / after / until / as soon as.
96
Call me when you _ (know) what time you're going to get there.
Call me when you know what time you're going to get there. | U25 ## Footnote We use the present simple after when / while / before / after / until / as soon as.
97
I _ (wait) for you until you _ (be) ready.
I'll wait for you until you're ready. | U25 ## Footnote We use the present simple after when / while / before / after / until / as soon as.
98
If there _ (be) any problems, I _ (let) you know.
If there are any problems, I'll let you know. | U25 ## Footnote We use the present simple after if for the future.
99
If you _ (need) to contact me while I _ (be) away, you can call me.
If you need to contact me while I'm away, you can call me. | U25 ## Footnote We use the present simple after when / while / before / after / until / as soon as.
100
Let's wait until it _ (stop) raining. I don't want to get wet.
Let's wait until it stops raining. | U25 ## Footnote We use the present simple after when / while / before / after / until / as soon as.
101
It's getting late. We'd better go now before it _ (get) dark.
We'd better go now before it gets dark. | U25 ## Footnote We use the present simple after when / while / before / after / until / as soon as.
102
I can see you're interested. Let me know as soon as you _ (decide).
Let me know as soon as you decide. *or* have decided | U25 ## Footnote We can use the present perfect to show that one thing is complete before the other.
103
Where are you going to stay when you _ (be) in Hong Kong.
Where are you going to stay when you're in Hong Kong. | U25 ## Footnote We use the present simple after when / while / before / after / until / as soon as.
104
The traffic is bad, but I think things _ (get) better when they _ (build) a new road.
I think things will get better when they build a new road. *or* have built | U25 ## Footnote We can use the present perfect to show that one thing is complete before the other.
105
I won't speak to her until she _ (apologize).
I won't speak to her until she apologizes. | U25 ## Footnote We use the present simple after when / while / before / after / until / as soon as.
106
Your mother has lots of clients. Michael is ____ .
Michael is a client of your mother's. ## Footnote The double possessive. Michael is one of your mother's clients.
107
John has multiple cousins. She is ____ .
She is a cousin of John's. ## Footnote The double possessive. She is one of John's cousins.
108
Mr. Lee teaches many people. He is ____ .
He is a student of Mr. Lee's. ## Footnote The double possessive. He is one of Mr. Lee's students.
109
Your salary is very low. You _ look for another job.
You should look for another job. | U33 ## Footnote It's a good thing to do or the right thing to do.
110
You _ (not) believe everything you read in newspapers.
You shouldn't belive everything you read in newspapers. | U33 ## Footnote It's not a good thing to do.
111
I sent the documents to you today, so you _ receive them tomorrow.
You should receive them tomorrow. | U33 ## Footnote We expect that to happen.
112
It _ (not) take long to get to the hotel. About 20 minutes.
It shouldn't take long to get to the hotel. | U33 ## Footnote We expect that to happen.
113
I'm sorry I didn't take your advice. I _ (do) what you said.
I should've done what you said. | U33 ## Footnote That was the right thing to do.
114
I wasn't feeling well yesterday, but I went to work. I _ (stay) home.
I should've stayed home. | U33 ## Footnote That was the right thing to do.
115
She insisted that I _ (stay) longer.
She insisted that I stay longer. | U34 ## Footnote Subjunctive. *Should* is unnecessary in modern AmE.
116
The doctor recommended that I _ (eat) more fruit.
The doctor recommended that I eat more fruit. | U34 ## Footnote Subjunctive. *Should* is unnecessary in modern AmE.
117
The landlord demanded that I _ (pay) the rent by Friday.
The landlord demanded that I pay the rent by Friday. | U34 ## Footnote Subjunctive. *Should* is unnecessary in modern AmE.
118
Chris suggested that we _ (go) to the cinema.
Chris suggested that we go to the cinema. | U34 ## Footnote Subjunctive. *Should* is unnecessary in modern AmE.
119
I don't know... What do you suggest _ (I / do)?
What do you suggest I do? | U34 ## Footnote We don't use *to* with suggest.
120
I called Tina and suggested _ (we / meet) for coffee.
I called Tina and suggested we meet for coffee. *or* suggested meeting | U34 ## Footnote We don't use *to* with suggest.
121
I insisted that he _ (apologize).
I insisted that he apologize. | U34 ## Footnote Subjunctive. *Should* is unnecessary in modern AmE.
122
I suggest you _ (read) this book.
I suggest you read this book. | U34 ## Footnote Subjunctive. *Should* is unnecessary in modern AmE. We don't use *to* with suggest.
123
We _ reserve a table. It will be busy tonight.
We'd better reserve a table. | U35 ## Footnote If we don't do it, there will be a problem or a danger.
124
You _ not go right now. The boss is very busy.
You'd better go right now. | U35 ## Footnote If you do it, there will be a problem or a danger.
125
I have an appointment in ten minutes. I _ go now or I'll be late.
I'd better go now or I'll be late. | U35 ## Footnote If I don't do it, there will be a problem or a danger.
126
We _ not park the car here. The road is too narrow.
We'd better not park the car here. | U35 ## Footnote If we do it, there will be a problem or a danger.
127
The company has been badly managed for a long time. It's time some changes _ (be / make) in the way it is run.
It's time some changes were made in the way it is run. | U35 ## Footnote They should've already done it or started it.
128
It's after the children's bedtime. It's time they _ (be) in bed.
It's time they were in bed. | U35 ## Footnote They should've already done it or started it.
129
You haven't had a holiday for a very long time. It's time you _ (take) a break.
It's time you took a break. | U35 ## Footnote You should've already done it or started it.
130
You should go and see the film. I think you _ (like) it.
I think you would like it. | U36 ## Footnote We imagine a situation or action.
131
I was in a hurry when I saw you. Otherwise I _ (stop) to talk.
Otherwise I would've stopped to talk. | U36 ## Footnote We imagine a situation or action in the past.
132
We took a taxi home last night, but got stuck in the traffic. It _ (be) quicker to walk.
It'd have been quicker to walk. | U36 ## Footnote We imagine a situation or action in the past.
133
I'm not looking forward to the trip. It _ (not / be) much fun.
It won't be much fun. | U36 ## Footnote It's a prediction.
134
Tom said he _ (call) me on Sunday.
Tom said he'd call me on Sunday. | U36 ## Footnote Would is the past of will.
135
Amy promised she _ (not / be) late.
Amy promised she wouldn't be late. | U36 ## Footnote Would is the past of will.
136
We used to live next to a railway line. Every time a train went past, the house _ (shake).
Every time a train went past, the house would shake. | U36 ## Footnote We use would to talk about things that happened regularly in the past.
137
When we were children, we used to go to the beach a lot. We _ (stay) there all day playing in the sand and swimming in the sea.
We would stay there all day. | U36 ## Footnote We use would to talk about things that happened regularly in the past.
138
Martina insisted on carrying all her luggage. She _ (not / let) me help her.
She wouldn't let me help her. | U36 ## Footnote She refused to do it.
139
You've finished our meal in a restaurant. You ask the waiter: ____ bill?
Can/could we get/have the bill, please? | U37
140
The window is open and you're cold. You ask: ____ window?
Do you mind if I close the window? Is it OK if I... Is it all right if I... | U37
141
You're on a bus. An elderly man is standing. You ask: ____ ?
Would you like a seat? | U37 ## Footnote I'd like is a polite way to say what you want.
142
Hello. I ____ make an appointment, please.
I'd like to make an appointment, please. | U37 ## Footnote I'd like is a polite way to say what you want.
143
You're making a cold drink for your friend. You ask: ____ ice in your drink?
Would you like ice in your drink? | U37 ## Footnote I'd like is a polite way to say what you want.
144
If you _ (find) a wallet on the street, what _ (you / do) with it?
If you found a wallet on the street, what would you do with it? | U38 ## Footnote We don't expect that to happen.
145
I don't expect to lose my job but if that _ (happen), I _ (have) to find another one.
I don't expect to lose my job but if that happened, I'd have to find another one. | U38 ## Footnote We don't expect that to happen.
146
I don't think he _ (fail) the exam. I _ (be) very surprised if he _ (do).
I don't think he'll fail the exam. I'd be very surprised if he did. | U38 ## Footnote We don't expect that to happen.
147
I _ (be) very surprised if they _ (not / come) to the party.
I'd be very surprised if they didn't come to the party. | U38 ## Footnote We don't expect that to happen.
148
If I _ (see) Sarah, I _ (tell) her to call you.
If I see Sarah, I'll tell her to call you. | U38 ## Footnote It is possible.
149
I don't know what I _ (do) if I _ (lose) my passport.
I don't know what I'd do if I lost my passport. | U38 ## Footnote We don't expect that to happen.
150
If I _ (tell) you what happened, you _ (not / believe) me.
If I told you what happened, you wouldn't believe me. | U38 ## Footnote We don't expect that to happen.
151
If there _ (be) an election tomorrow, who _ (you / vote) for?
If there was an election tomorrow, who would you vote for? | U38 ## Footnote We don't expect that to happen.
152
I think I left my watch at your house. If you _ (find) it, _ (call) me?
If you find it, can you call me? | U38 ## Footnote It is possible.
153
I wish I _ (have) more free time.
I wish I had more free time. | U39 ## Footnote Something is not as we would like it to be.
154
I wish I _ (can) help you.
I wish I could help you. | U39 ## Footnote Something is not as we would like it to be.
155
I wish I _ (not / have) to work tomorrow.
I wish I didn't have to work tomorrow. | U39 ## Footnote Something is not as we would like it to be.
156
The soup _ (taste) better if it _ (not / be) so salty.
The soup would taste better if it wasn't so salty. | U39 ## Footnote We imagine the situation.
157
What _ (you / do) if _ (you / not / have) to work?
What would you do if you didn't have to work? | U39 ## Footnote We imagine the situation.
158
If I _ (want) an advice, I _ (ask) for it.
If I wanted an advice, I would ask for it. | U39 ## Footnote We imagine the situation.
159
If I _ (be) you, I _ (not / buy) this coat.
If I were you, I wouldn't buy this coat. | U39 ## Footnote We imagine the situation. Both *was* and *were* are correct in modern English.
160
Sarah got to the station just in time to catch her train to the airport. If _ (she / miss) the train, _ (she / miss) her flight too.
If she'd missed the train, she would've missed her flight too. | U40
161
Thanks for reminding me about Lisa's birthday. _ (I / forget) if _ (you / not / remind) me.
I'd have forgotten if you hadn't reminded me. | U40
162
I didn't have your email address. If _ (I / have) it, _ (I / send) you an email.
If I'd had your email address, I would've sent you and email. | U40
163
Their trip was OK, but _ (they / enjoy) it more if the weather _ (be) better.
They'd have enjoyed it more if the weather had been better. | U40
164
Sorry we're late. Our taxi got stuck in the traffic. _ (it / be) quicker if _ (we / walk).
It'd have been quicker if we'd walked. | U40
165
Why didn't you tell me about your problem? If _ (you / tell) me, _ (I / try) to help you.
If you'd told me, I would've tried to help you. | U40
166
I'm not tired. If _ (I / be) tired, I _ (go) home now.
If I was (were) tired, I'd go home now. | U40 ## Footnote I am not tired now.
167
I wasn't tired last night. If _ (I / be) tired, I _ (go) home earlier.
If I'd been tired, I'd have gone home earlier. | U40 ## Footnote I wasn't tired last night.
168
If Dan _ (do) better at school, _ (he / go) to university.
If Dan had done better at school, he could've gone to university. | U40
169
I wish _ (I / learn) to play a musical instrument when I _ (be) younger.
I wish I'd learned to play a musical instrument when I was younger. | U40
170
I wish _ (I / paint) the gate a different color.
I wish I'd painted the gate a different color. | U40
171
I wish _ (I / not / move) to a new flat last year.
I wish I hadn't moved to a new flat. | U40
172
We're going on a picnic tomorrow, so I _ the weather is nice.
I hope the weather is nice. | U41
173
I _ you a pleasant stay at this hotel.
I wish you a pleasant stay at this hotel. | U41
174
You didn't tell me you were ill. Why not? I wish you _ (tell) me.
I wish you'd told me. | U41 ## Footnote We regret something that happened before.
175
I've met this man before. I wish I could _ (remember) his name.
I wish I could remember his name. | U41 ## Footnote I regret that I cannot do it.
176
I heard the party was great. I wish I could _ (go).
I wish I could've gone. | U41 ## Footnote I regred that I could not do it.
177
When we were in London last year, we didn't have time to see all the things we wanted to see. I wish _ (we / can / stay) there longer.
I wish we could've stayed there longer. | U41 ## Footnote I regred that I could not do it.
178
I'm fed up with this rain. I wish _ (it / stop).
I wish it would stop. | U41 ## Footnote We want something *to happen*. Often sounds more emotional: impatient, hopeful, or even slightly annoyed.
179
I wish _ (the bus / come). We've been waiting for 20 minutes.
I wish the bus would come. | U41 ## Footnote We want something *to happen*. Often sounds more emotional: impatient, hopeful, or even slightly annoyed.
180
You keep interrupting me! I wish _ (you / listen).
I wish you would listen. | U41 ## Footnote We want something *to happen*. Often sounds more emotional: impatient, hopeful, or even slightly annoyed.
181
A lot of people drop litter in the street. I wish _ (they / kill) themselves.
I wish they would kill themselves. | U41 ## Footnote We want something *to happen*. Often sounds more emotional: impatient, hopeful, or even slightly annoyed.
182
How much money _ (steal) in the robbery?
How much money *was* stolen in the robbery? | U42 ## Footnote Money is always singular.
183
**Passive:** (What / silver / use for?)
What *is* silver used for? | U42 ## Footnote The passive is be + past participle.
184
**Passive:** (How / mountains / form?)
How are mountains formed? | U42 ## Footnote The passive is be + past participle.
185
The decision will _ (not / make) until the next meeting.
The decision will not be made until the next meeting. | U43
186
This road is in bad contition. It should _ (repair) a long time ago.
It should've been repaired a long time ago. | U43
187
**Passive:** My bike disappeared. (It / steal!)
It's been stolen! | U43
188
**Passive:** (You / ever / sting / bee?)
Have you ever been stung by a bee? | U43
189
I went into the room and saw that the table and chairs were not in the same place. (The furniture / move).
The furniture *had* been moved. | U43
190
They are building a new road around the city. **Passive:** _
The new road is being built around the city. | U43
191
Is anyone doing anything about the problem? **Passive:** _
Is anything being done about the problem? | U43
192
The windows were very dirty. They _ (not / clean) for ages.
They *hadn't* been cleaned for ages. | U43
193
I didn't know there was a meeting yesterday. I _ (not / tell) about it.
I wasn't told about it. | U44
194
Sarah's salary is very low. I don't understand why she _ (pay) so little.
I don't understant why she is paid so little. | U44
195
I was surprised to get the job I applied for. I didn't expect _ (offer) it.
I didn't expect to be offerred it. | U44
196
**Passive:** Steve hates _ (keep) waiting.
Steve hates being kept waiting. | U44 ## Footnote We can use *get* for the passive when things happen. It's considered informal. We can use *be* in all situations.
197
**Passive:** I'm an adult. I don't like _ (treat) like a child.
I don't like being treated like a child. | U44 ## Footnote We can use *get* for the passive when things happen. It's considered informal. We can use *be* in all situations.
198
**Passive:** People often want to know what my job is. I _ (ask) that question a lot.
I get asked that question a lot. | U44 ## Footnote We can use *get* for the passive when things happen. It's considered informal. We can use *be* in all situations.
199
We had to do what we did. We _ (give) any choice.
We weren't given any choice. | U44
200
How did the window _ broken?What happened?
How did the window get broken? | U44
201
The thieves _ (be / think) to _ (get) in through a window in the roof.
The thieves are thought to have gotten in through a window in the roof. | U45
202
The driver _ (be / allege) to _ (drive) at 110 miles an hour.
The driver is alleged to have been driven at 110 miles an hour. | U45
203
The company _ (be / say) to _ (lose) a lot of money last year.
The company is said to have lost a lot of money last year. | U45
204
The company _ (be / believe) to _ (lose) a lot of money.
The company is believed to be losing a lot of money. | U45
205
The company _ (be / expect) to _ (make) a loss this year.
The company is expected to make a loss this year. | U45
206
A: This looks an interesting building. B: Yes, _ (it / supposed / be) a prison a long time ago.
It's supposed to have been a prison. | U45
207
You shouldn't criticize me all the time. You _ (be / suppose) to be my friend.
You're supposed to be my friend. | U45
208
What are you doing at work? You _ (be / suppose) to be on holiday.
You're supposed to be on holiday. | U45
209
My flight _ (be / suppose) to depart at 10:15, but it _ (not / leave) until 11:30.
My flight was supposed to depart at 10:15, but it didn't leave until 11:30. | U45
210
I _ (be / suppose) to phone Helen last night, but I completely _ (forget).
I was supposed to phone Helen last night, but I completely forgot. | U45
211
My hair is getting long. I need to _ (it / cut).
I need to get **it** cut. | U46 ## Footnote *Get* is more casual. Often implies bad luck or consequence. *Have* is neutral. May sound more detached or official.
212
Security at the airport was strict. We _ (our bags / search).
We got our bags searched. | U46 ## Footnote *Get* is more casual. Often implies bad luck or consequence. *Have* is neutral. May sound more detached or official.
213
I really like this picture. I'm going to _ (it / frame).
I'm going to get it framed. | U46 ## Footnote *Get* is more casual. Often implies bad luck or consequence. *Have* is neutral. May sound more detached or official.
214
The washing machine is broken. I need to _ (it / fix).
I need to get it fixed. | U46 ## Footnote *Get* is more casual. Often implies bad luck or consequence. *Have* is neutral. May sound more detached or official.
215
Can you recommend a dentist? I need to _ (my teeth / check).
I need to get my teeth checked. | U46 ## Footnote *Get* is more casual. Often implies bad luck or consequence. *Have* is neutral. May sound more detached or official.
216
How often do you _ (your car / service)?
How often do you have your car serviced? | U46 ## Footnote *Get* is more casual. Often implies bad luck or consequence. *Have* is neutral. May sound more detached or official.
217
Gary _ (his nose / break) in a fight.
Gary had his nose broken in a fight. | U46 ## Footnote *Get* is more casual. Often implies bad luck or consequence. *Have* is neutral. May sound more detached or official.
218
Rachel _ me you _ (be) in hospital. ## Footnote
Rachel told me you were in hospital. | U48 ## Footnote tell somebody, *not* say
219
But you said you _ (never / be) to the US.
But you said you'd never been to the US. | U48 ## Footnote The present changes to the past in reported speech.
220
But you _ me you _ (be) working tomorrow evening.
But you told me you were working tomorrow evening. | U48 ## Footnote The present changes to the past in reported speech.
221
I wonder _ (old / how / is / Tom).
I wonder how old Tom is. | U50 ## Footnote When the question is part of a longer sentence, the word order changes.
222
Do you have any idea _ (it / cost / will / much / how)?
Do you know any idea how much it will cost? | U50 ## Footnote When the question is part of a longer sentence, the word order changes.
223
Do you know _ (time / is / what / it)?
Do you know what time it is? | U50 ## Footnote When the question is part of a longer sentence, the word order changes.
224
Do you know _ (start / what / the film / time)?
Do you know what time the film starts? | U50 ## Footnote When the question is part of a longer sentence, the word order changes.
225
Could you tell me _ (the station / is / where)?
Could you tell me where the station is? | U50 ## Footnote When the question is part of a longer sentence, the word order changes.
226
A: How long have you been in London? B: She asked me _.
She asked me how long I'd been in London. | U50
227
A: Do you think London is expensive? B: He asked me _.
He asked me whether I thought London was (is) expensive. | U50
228
A: Have you been to London before? B: They asked me _.
They asked me whether I'd been to London before. | U50
229
A: I watched TV last night. B: So _ _.
So did I. | U51
230
A: You never listen to me! B: Yes, I _ !
Yes, I do! | U51
231
A: Please help me. B: I'm sorry. I _ if I _ , but I _ .
I would if I could, but I can't. | U51
232
A: I won't be at home tomorrow. B: Neither _ _.
Neither will I. | U51
233
A: Will John be at the party? B: (I can't stand John) I _ _.
I hope not. | U51
234
A: Do you have a room for tonight? B: (The hotel is full) I _ _.
I'm afraid not. | U51
235
A: I've just seen Steven. B: Oh, _ _ ?
Oh, have you? | U51 ## Footnote We're interested or surprised.
236
A: It rained every day during our holiday. B: _ _ ? What a shame!
Did it? What a shame! | U51 ## Footnote We're interested or surprised.
237
A: I'm not tired. B: _ _ ? I am.
Aren't you? I am. | U51 ## Footnote We're interested or surprised.
238
Let's go for a walk, _ (*question tag*) ?
Let's go for a walk, shall we? | U52 ## Footnote After *Let's* the question tag is *shall we*.
239
I'm right, _ (*question tag*) ?
I'm right, aren't I? | U52 ## Footnote After *I'm* the question tag is *aren't I*.
240
Don't be late, _ (*question tag*) ?
Don't be late, will you? | U52 ## Footnote After *Don't* the question tag is *will you*.
241
He'd never met her before, _ (*question tag*) ?
He'd never met her before, had he? | U52
242
They said they were innocent. They _ (deny / do) anything wrong.
They denied doing anything wrong. | U53 ## Footnote We use -ing after enjoy, mind, suggest, stop, finish, recommend, consider, admin, deny, avoid, risk, fancy, and imagine.
243
Have you ever _ (consider / go) to live in another country?
Have you ever considered going to live in another country? | U53 ## Footnote We use -ing after enjoy, mind, suggest, stop, finish, recommend, consider, admin, deny, avoid, risk, fancy, and imagine.
244
You can't _ (stop / people / do) what they want.
You can't stop people doing what they want. | U53 ## Footnote We use -ing after enjoy, mind, suggest, stop, finish, recommend, consider, admin, deny, avoid, risk, fancy, and imagine.
245
I recommend _ (travel) by train.
I recommend travelling by train. I recommend you travel by train. | U53 ## Footnote We use -ing after enjoy, mind, suggest, stop, finish, recommend, consider, admin, deny, avoid, risk, fancy, and imagine.
246
She suggested _ (go) for a walk.
She suggested going for a walk. She suggested we go for a walk. | U53 ## Footnote We use -ing after enjoy, mind, suggest, stop, finish, recommend, consider, admin, deny, avoid, risk, fancy, and imagine.
247
If you gamble, you risk _ your money.
If you gamble, you risk losing your money | U53 ## Footnote We use -ing after enjoy, mind, suggest, stop, finish, recommend, consider, admin, deny, avoid, risk, fancy, and imagine.
248
Did she really say that? I don't _ (remember / her / say) that.
I don't remember her saying that. | U53 ## Footnote We use -ing after enjoy, mind, suggest, stop, finish, recommend, consider, admin, deny, avoid, risk, fancy, and imagine.
249
It's OK if you want to drive my car. I don't _ (mind / you / drive) it.
I don't mind you driving it. | U53 ## Footnote We use -ing after enjoy, mind, suggest, stop, finish, recommend, consider, admin, deny, avoid, risk, fancy, and imagine.
250
I now _ (regret / say) that.
I now regret saying that. I now regret having said that. | U53 ## Footnote We use -ing after enjoy, mind, suggest, stop, finish, recommend, consider, admin, deny, avoid, risk, fancy, and imagine.
251
I've been invited to the party, but I haven't decided _ (go) or not.
I haven't decided whether to go or not. | U54 ## Footnote We can use a question word after *decide*.
252
My English _ (seem / get) better.
My English seems to be getting better. | U54 ## Footnote We use *to* after seem, appear, pretend, and claim.
253
Tom _ (appear / be / worry) about something.
Tom appears to be worried about something. | U54 ## Footnote We use *to* after seem, appear, pretend, and claim.
254
I didn't expect _ (rain).
I didn't expect it to rain. | U55
255
Don't stop him. Let him _ (do / he / want).
Let him do what he wants. | U55 ## Footnote let somebody do (without *to*)
256
Tom's glasses _ (make / he / look) older.
Tom's glasses make him look older. | U55 ## Footnote make somebody do (without *to*)
257
I _ (make / he / promise) that he wouldn't tell anybody what happened.
I made him promise. | U55 ## Footnote make somebody do (without *to*)
258
Listening to talkers _ (make / I / thirsty).
Listening to talkers makes me thirsty. | U55
259
Shall I leave the window open, or would you _ (I / shut).
Would you like me to shut it? | U55
260
My lawyer _ (advise / I / not / say) anything to the police.
My lawyer advised me not to say anything to the police. | U55 ## Footnote advise somebody to
261
We were _ (make / wait).
We were made to wait. *but* They made us wait. | U55 ## Footnote In the passive we don't use *to*.
262
I can't afford _ (go) away. I don't have enough money.
I can't afford to go away. | U56 ## Footnote afford *to*
263
He remembers _ (be / bite) by a dog.
He remembers being bitten by a dog. | U56 ## Footnote remember doing = I did it and now I remember this
264
I remembered _ (lock) the door, but I forgot to shut the windows.
I remember to lock the door. | U56 ## Footnote remembered to do = I remembered that I had to do it, so I did it.
265
The president paused for a moment and then went on _ (talk).
He went on talking. | U56 ## Footnote go on doing = continue doing the same thing
266
Ben joined the company nine years ago. He became assistant manager after two years, and a few years later he went on _ (become) manager of the company.
He went on to become (the) manager of the company. | U56 ## Footnote go on to do = do something new
267
I rang the doorbell, but there was no answer. Then I tried _ (knock) on the window, but there was still no answer.
Then I tried knocking on the window. | U57 ## Footnote try doing = do it as an experiment or test try to do = attempt to do, make an effort to do
268
Mr Bennett isn't here right now. Please try _ (call) later.
Please try calling later. | U57 ## Footnote try doing = do it as an experiment or test try to do = attempt to do, make an effort to do
269
I tried _ (reach) the shelf, but I wasn't tall enough.
I tried to reach the shelf. | U57 ## Footnote try doing = do it as an experiment or test try to do = attempt to do, make an effort to do
270
Your hair look very long. _ will need _ (cut) soon.
**It** will need cutting soon. | U57 ## Footnote Something needs doing.
271
I don't like him, but he has a lot of problems. I ____ (help / feel) sorry for him.
I can't help feeling sorry for him. | U57 ## Footnote I can't stop myself doing it.
272
She tried to be serious, but she _ (help / laugh).
She couldn't help laughing. | U57 ## Footnote I can't stop myself doing it.
273
They were talking very loudly. We _ (help / overhear) what they said.
We couldn't help overhearing what they said. | U57 ## Footnote I can't stop myself doing it.
274
I'd love _ (go) to the party. It's a shame I was busy.
I'd love to have gone to the party. | U58 ## Footnote I regret now that I didn't or couldn't do it.
275
I'm glad I wasn't alone. I woudn't like _ (be) alone.
I wouldn't like to have been alone. | U58
276
Poor David! I'd hate _ (be) in his position.
I'd hate to have been in his position. | U58
277
Jane is a teacher. She likes her job. She likes _ (teach) biology.
She likes teaching biology. | U58 ## Footnote We use -ing (not to...) when we talk about a situation that already exists (or existed).
278
A: Shall we walk home? B: I ____ get a taxi.
I'd prefer to get a taxi. I'd rather get a taxi. | U59 ## Footnote We use would prefer (would rather) to say that somebody wants in a specific situation (not in general).
279
A: Do you want me to come with you? B: I ____ alone.
I'd prefer to go alone. I'd rather go alone. | U59 ## Footnote We use would prefer (would rather) to say that somebody wants in a specific situation (not in general).
280
I'd prefer _ (think) about it for a while ____ (decide) now.
I'd prefer to think about it for a while rather *than decide* now. | U59 ## Footnote Prefer to do something rather than do something else.
281
I'd prefer _ (stay) at home ____ (go) to a restaurant.
I'd prefer to stay at home rather *than go* to a restaurant. | U59 ## Footnote Prefer to do something rather than do something else.
282
I prefer _ (drive) ____ (travel) by train.
I prefer driving to travelling by train. I prefer driving rather than travelling by train. I prefer to drive rather *than travel* by train. | U59 ## Footnote I prefer it in general.
283
I prefer _ (watch) movies at home ____ (go) to the cinema.
I prefer watching movies at home to going to the cinema. I prefer watching movies at home rather than going to the cinema. I prefer to watch movies at home rather *than go* to the cinema. | U59 ## Footnote I prefer it in general.
284
Are you going to pay the bill or would you ____ ?
Are you going to pay the bill or would you rather I paid it? | U59 ## Footnote I'd rather somebody **did** something.e
285
A: Shall I tell Anna what happened? B: I ____ she _ (not / know).
I'd rather she didn't know. | U59 ## Footnote I'd rather somebody **did** something.
286
You can stay here if you want to, but I ____ you _ (come) with us.
I'd rather you came with us. | U59 ## Footnote I'd rather somebody **did** something.
287
A: Do you mind if I open the window? B: I ____ you _ (not / do). I'm feeling cold.
I'd rather you didn't. | U59 ## Footnote I'd rather somebody **did** something.
288
A: Jack says he'll repair your bike tomorrow, OK? B: I ____ he _ (do) it today.
I'd rather he did it today. | U59 ## Footnote I'd rather somebody **did** something.
289
I have no intention _ (apply) for the job.
I have no intention of applying for the job. | U60
290
You have little chance _ (win) the lottery.
You have little chance of winning the lottery. | U60
291
Did you get into trouble _ (be) late?
Did you get into trouble for being late? | U60
292
I was able to reach the top shelf _ (stand) on a chair.
I was able to reach the top shelf by standing on a chair. | U60
293
You turn on the computer _ (press) the button at the back.
You turn on the computer by pressing the button at the back. | U60
294
We made the room look nicer _ (put) some pictures on the wall.
We made the room look nicer by putting some pictures on the wall. | U60
295
I'm not looking ____ (go) to the dentist tomorrow.
I'm not looking forward to going to the dentist tomorrrow. | U60
296
I'm looking ____ (move) to a nicer apartment.
I'm looking forward to moving to a nicer apartment. | U60
297
Some friends of yours have just moved into an apartment on a busy street. They'll have to ____ the noise.
They'll have to get used to the noise. | U61
298
Lee got a new job, but his new salary was much less. He had to ____ (have) less money.
He had to get used to having less money. | U61
299
I don't feel _ going out this evening.
to feel like doing | U62
300
The police stopped the car because they suspected the driver _ stealing.
to suspect of doing | U62
301
Our flight was delayed. Bad weather prevented the plane _ _.
Bad weather prevented the plane from taking off. | U62
302
My phone is very old. I'm thinking _ buying a new one.
to think of doing | U62
303
I didn't want to hear the story but Dan insisted _ telling me anyway.
to insist on doing | U62
304
I'm getting hungry. I'm really looking forward _ eating something.
to look forward to doing | U62
305
I think I should appologize to Sarah _ being so rude.
to apologize to someone for something | U62
306
There's a fence around the lawn to stop people _ walking on the grass.
to stop from doing | U62
307
I'm sorry I can't come to your party, but thank you very much _ inviting me.
to thank for doing | U62
308
The man who has been arrested is suspected _ using a false passport.
to suspect of doing | U62
309
I did my best. Nobody can accuse me _ not trying.
to accuse of doing | U62
310
Dan congratulated me _ getting married.
to congratulate on doing | U62 ## Footnote Not *with*. Not *for*.
311
I've always dreamed _ having a small house by the sea.
to dream of doing | U62
312
It took us a long time, but we finally succeeded _ solving the problem.
to succeed in doing | U62
313
We can't afford a car right now, so we've decided _ buying one.
to decide against doing | U62
314
I'm fed up with my job. I'm thinking _ doing something else.
to think of doing | U62
315
There's ____ (have) a car if you never use it.
There's no point in having... | U63
316
It's ____ (worry) about what happened. There's nothing you can do about it.
It's no use worrying... It's no good worrying... | U63
317
It's ____ (try) to persuade me. You won't suceed.
It's no use trying... It's no good trying... | U63
318
It's a nice town. It's _ _ (spend) a few days there.
It's worth spending a few days there. | U63
319
I had no _ _ (find) a place to stay.
I had no trouble finding a place to say. | U63
320
You won't have any _ _ (get) a ticket for the game.
You won't have any problems getting a ticket for the game. | U63
321
I waste a lot of time _ (do) nothing.
I waste a lot of time doing nothing. | U63
322
Karen is going on holiday tomorrow, so she's busy _ her things ready.
She's busy getting her things ready. | U63
323
We stopped _ petrol.
We stopped for petrol. | U64
324
I went to the dentist _ a check-up.
I went to the dentist for a check-up. | U64
325
Do you wear glasses _ reading?
Do you wear glasses for reading? | U64
326
Please arrive early _ we _ start the meeting on time.
Please arrive early so (that) we can start the meeting on time. | U64 ## Footnote We *so (that)* with can/could and will/would. In requests about real plans, native speakers strongly prefer *can* (not could).
327
I slowed down _ the car behind me _ overtake.
I slowed down so (that) the car behind me could overtake. | U64 ## Footnote We *so (that)* with can/could and will/would.
328
We spoke very quietly _ nobody else _ hear us.
We spoke very quietly so (that) nobody else would hear us. | U64 ## Footnote We *so (that)* with can/could and will/would.
329
I wore warm clothes _ I _ get cold.
I wore warm clothes so (that) I wouldn't get cold. | U64 ## Footnote We *so (that)* with can/could and will/would.
330
It's silly _ Ruth to give up her job when she needs the money.
It's silly of Ruth. | U65 ## Footnote Kind, generous, careless, silly, stupid, inconsiderate, unfair, typical *of*.
331
I think it was unfair _ him to criticize me.
It was unfair of him. | U65 ## Footnote Kind, generous, careless, silly, stupid, inconsiderate, unfair, typical *of*.
332
It was nice _ you to remember my birthday.
It was nice of you. | U65 ## Footnote Kind, generous, careless, silly, stupid, inconsiderate, unfair, typical *of*.
333
The next train _ (arrive) at platform 4 will be the 10:50 to Liverpool.
The next train to arrive. | U65 ## Footnote The next, the last, the only, the first *to*.
334
If I have more news, you will be the first _ (know).
You will be the first to know. | U65 ## Footnote The next, the last, the only, the first *to*.
335
There is sure _ (be) a lot of traffic on the roads.
There is sure to be. | U65 ## Footnote Sure or likely *to*.
336
It's not likely _ (rain).
It's not likely to rain. | U65 ## Footnote Sure or likely *to*.
337
I was afraid _ (run) out of gas.
I was afraid of running out of gas. | U66 ## Footnote afraid of something happening
338
I don't usually carry my passport with me. I'm afraid _ (lose) it.
I'm afraid of losing it. | U66 ## Footnote afraid of something happening
339
I was afraiid _ (tell) her what had happened.
I was afraid to tell her. | U66 ## Footnote afraid to do something
340
I saw Joe recently. You'll be interested _ (know) that he's getting married soon.
You'll be interested to know. | U66 ## Footnote interested to know/see/hear
341
It's a shame Alan is leaving the company. I'll be sorry _ (see) him to.
I'll be sorry to see him go. | U66