Grammar Flashcards

(109 cards)

1
Q

What are the possessive pronouns?

A

mi(s) nuestro/a(s)
tu(s) vuestro/a(s)
su(s) su(s)

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2
Q

What are the reflexive pronouns?

A

(Used with reflexive verbs)
me nos
te os
se se

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3
Q

Present tense conjugation of ser

A

Soy eres es somos sois son
(Used for permanent characteristics, time and profesions)

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4
Q

Present tense conjugation of estar

A

Estoy estás está estamos estáis estan
(Used for temporary states, location, auxiliary verb for continuos state)

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5
Q

Relative pronouns

A

Que - that, who
Cuando - when
Donde - where

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6
Q

Present tense conjugation of to say/tell

A

Decir- digo, dices, dice, decimos, decís, dicen

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7
Q

What verbs are irregular in the first person singular?

A

Salir - salgo
Hacer - hago
Dar - doy
Poner - pongo

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8
Q

Irregular endings in first person singular

A

Cer - zco
Aer - aigo
Ger - jo

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9
Q

Object pronouns

A

me, te, le, nos, os, les
(Used with gustar, encantar etc.)

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10
Q

Phrases with tener

A

Tener - color, frío, hambre, sed, suerte, razón cuidado, que(+inf)
To be - hot, cold, hungry, thirsty, lucky, right, to have (got) to

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11
Q

Modal verbs

A

All + inf
Poder (r.s.c. o->ue) - to be able to
Deber - must
Tener (r.s.c. e->ie) que - to have to
Hay que - to have to
Se debe - one must

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12
Q

Present conjugation of segir

A

To follow (r.s.c)
Sigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, seguís, siguen

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13
Q

Simple future tense

A

Voy, vas, va, vamos, váis, van
+ infinitive

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14
Q

Ar verb endings preterite

A

é amos
aste asteis
ó aron

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15
Q

Er and ir verb endings preterite

A

í imos
iste isteis
ió ieron

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16
Q

Who?

A

¿quién?
¿quiénes?

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17
Q

What?

A

¿Qué?

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18
Q

How?

A

¿Cómo?

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19
Q

When?

A

¿Cuándo?

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20
Q

Where?

A

¿Dónde?

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21
Q

Where to?

A

¿Adónde?

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22
Q

Why?

A

¿Por qué?

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23
Q

To whom?

A

¿A quién?
¿A quiénes?

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24
Q

Whose?

A

¿De quién?
¿De quiénes?

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25
Which (one, ones)?
¿Cuál? ¿Cuáles?
26
How much?
¿Cuánto/a?
27
How many?
¿Cuántos/as?
28
The future tense
Infinitive + é, ás, á, emos, éis, án
29
Exeptions to future tense
Decir - dir Saber- sabr Haber - habr Salir - saldr Hacer - har Tener - tendr Poder - podr Valer - valdr Poner - pondr Venir - vendr Querer - querr
30
In order to do something
Para + infinitive
31
Without doing something
Sin + infinitive
32
Doing something
Infinitive alone
33
On doing something
Al + infinitive
34
No one
Nadie
35
No/not
No
36
Never
Nunca
37
Nothing
Nada
38
Without
Sin
39
No/none/not any
Ningún/-o/-a(s)
40
No longer
Ya no
41
Either
Tampoco
42
Neither .. nor
Ni ... ni
43
Never ever
Jamás
44
Only
Tan solo
45
The best one
El/la/lo mejor
46
The worst one
El/la/lo peor
47
Better than
Mejor que
48
Worse than
Peor que
49
The difficult thing
Lo difícil
50
The good thing about
Lo bueno de
51
Less than
Menos que
52
More than
Más que
53
Present tense ar verb endings
o, as, a, amos, áis, an
54
Present tense er verb endings
o, es, e, esos, éis, en
55
Present tense ir verb endings
o, es, e, imos, ís, en
56
(present) continuous tense
estar + present participle - ar verbs = stem + ando, er verbs = stem + iendo
57
irregulars of (present) continuous tense
leer - leyendo (reading) traer - trayendo (bringing) caer - cayendo (bringing) ir - yendo (going) preferir - prefiriendo (preferring) vestir - vistiendo (dressing) seguir - siguiendo (following) morir - muriendo (dying) dormir - durmiento (sleeping)
58
Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns
this - este, esta these - estos, estas this one - éste, ésta these ones - éstos, éstas Near to receiver but not to speaker - that - ese, esa those - esos, esas that one - ése, ésa those oes - ésos, ésas Not near speaker or person spoken to- that - aquel, aquella those - aquellos, aquellas that one - aquél, aquélla those ones - aquéllos, aquéllas Abstracts - ideas, whole statements, things not refered to by name esto, eso, aquello
59
The superlative
el/la/los/las ... + más/ menos + adjective ...= mejor(es) - best peor(es) - worst mayor(es) - oldest/ biggest menor(es) - youngest/smallest
60
The personal a
-Used before direct objects if specific people/pets -not used if the object doesn't refer to anyone specific -used with certain pronouns - alguien, quien, ninguno, nadie, alguno -generally not used after their except to hold or to have someone somewhere -not used after hay or ser -normally not translated into english
61
hacer preterite conjugation
hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicistéis, hicieron
62
first person changes in the preterite tense
car - c-> qu gar - g-> gu zar - z-> c
63
Examples of first peopson spelling changes in preterite tense
pagar - pagué - I paid for tocar - toqué - i touched/played alcanzar - alcancé - I reached practicar - practiqué - I practiced castigar - castigué - I punished comenzar - comencé - I started cruzar - crucé - I crossed organizar - organicé - I organised negar - negué - I denied/negated
64
irregular preterites - andar (to walk)
anduve, anduviste, anduvo, anduvimos, anduvisteis, anduvieron
65
irregular preterites - decir (to say)
dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijieron
66
irregular preterites - poder (to be able to)
pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron
67
irregular preterites saber - to know
supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron
68
irregular preterites - tener (to have)
tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron
69
irregular preterites - leer (to read)
leí, leíste, leyó,leimos, leísteis, leyeron
70
irregular preterites dormir(to sleep)
dormí, dormiste, durmió, dormimos, dormisteis, durmíeron
71
Prepositional pronouns
Replace a noun after prepositions - para, con, sin, de and prepostions of place - delante de, detrás de and al lado de -mí - mi -nosotros/as - us -ti - you sing. -vosotros/as - you pl -él - him ellos/as - them -ella - her con has irregular forms - conmigo - with you, contigo - with you
72
antes de, despues de, al + inf.
al - on/ upon antes de - before después de - after al llegar - on arriving antes de ir - before going después de comer - after eating
73
seguir and continuar
-Must be followed with the present participle of a verb to express the idea of to continue/keep doing something Seguir - sigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, seguís, siguen
74
Apocopation of adjectives
When placed before a masculine noun, they have a shortened form bueno - buen (good) malo - mal (bad) primero - primer (1st) tercero - tercer (3rd) alguno - algún (some) ninguno - ningún (not a single) grande - gran (great)
75
Of what?
De qué
76
whose?
de quién
77
with whom?
con quién
78
who?
a quién
79
for what?
para qué
80
of what?
en qué
81
seguir congugation
sigo sigues sigue seguimos seguís siguen followed by present participle to mean to continue doing something
82
conditional tense
ía ías ía íamos ías ían
83
irregular conditional
ponerb-pondr decir-dir querer-querr caber-cabr poder-podr saber-sabr tener-tendr valer-valdr venir-vendr hacer-har salir-saldr haber-habr
84
masculine, sing possessive pronouns
mine - (el) mío yours,sing - (el) tuyo his - (el) suyo ours - (el) nuestro yours pl - (el) vuestro theirs - (el) suyo
85
fem, sing possessive pronouns
mine- (la) mía yours, sing - (la) tuya his/hers - (la) suya ours - (la) nuestra yours pl - (la) vuestra theirs - (la) suya
86
masc pl possessive pronouns
mine - (los) míos yours,sing- (los) tuyos his/hers - (los) suyos ours - (los) nuestros yours,pl-(los) vuestros theirs - (los) suyos
87
fem pl possessive pronouns
mine - (las) mías yours,sing - (las) tuyas his/hers - (las) suyas ours - (las) nuestras yours pl - (las) vuestras theirs - (las) suyas
88
direct object pronouns
me - me you sing - te him/it - lo her/it - la us - nos you pl - os them (m) - los them (f) - las
89
indirect object pronouns
to me - me to you (sing) - te to him/her/it - le to us - nos to you (pl) - os to them (m/f) - les
90
passive voice
ser + past participle (ar = ado/a (s) er/ir = ido/a (s))
91
present perfect
to have + past participle haber (he, has, ha (y), hemos, habéis, han) + ar: ado er/ir: ido
92
the past perfect
había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, habían
93
the future perfect
habré, habrás, habrá, habremos, habréis, habrán
94
the conditional perfect
habría, habrías, habría, habríamos, habríais, habrían
95
ar subjunctive endings
e, es, e, emos, éis, en
96
er subjunctive endings
a, as, a, amos, áis, an
97
hacer subjunctive
yo - haga tú - hagas él/ella - haga
98
ser subjunctive
yo - sea tú - seas él/ella - sea
99
tener subjunctive
yo - tenga tú - tengas él/ella - tenga
100
ir subjunctive
yo - vaya tú - vayas él/ella - vayas
101
venir subjunctive
yo - venga tú - vengas él/ella - venga
102
imperfect ar verbs
aba, abas, aba, ábamos, abais, aban
103
imperfect er/ir verbs
ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían
104
ser imperfect tense
era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran
105
ver imperfect tense
veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían
106
ir imperfect tense
iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban
107
to usually do something
soler + inf suelo, sueles, suele, solemos, soléis, suelen
108
very, extremely
-ísmo, -ísma, -ísmos, -ísmas (at the end of an adjective)
109
smaller
-ito, -ita, -itas, -itos (at the end of a noun or adjective)