1
Q
two auxiliary verbs
perfect tense
A
avoir
etre
2
Q
avoir ??
A
j'ai tu as il/elle/on a nous avons vous avez ils/elles ont
3
Q
etre ??
A
je suis tu es il/elle/on est nous sommes vous etes ils/elles sont
4
Q
past participle ending for er verbs ?
A
é
5
Q
ir verbs ?
A
i
6
Q
re verbs?
A
u
7
Q
what verbs take etre ?
DRAPERS VAN MMT
A
monter rester venir arriver naitre sortir tomber retourner aller mourir partir entrer descendre
8
Q
what is different about the endings of verbs that take etre ?
A
the endings have to agree with the person
9
Q
masculine singular ?
A
no ending
10
Q
feminine singular?
A
e
11
Q
masculine plural?
A
s
12
Q
feminine plural?
A
es
13
Q
mixed plural?
A
s
14
Q
avoir pp?
A
eu
15
Q
boire pp?
A
bu
16
Q
croire pp?
A
cru
17
Q
lire pp?
A
lu
18
Q
pouvoir pp?
A
pu
19
Q
savoir pp?
A
su
20
Q
rire pp?
A
ri
21
Q
voir pp?
A
vu
22
Q
vouloir pp?
A
voulu
23
Q
dire pp?
A
dit
24
Q
conduire pp?
A
conduit
25
connaitre pp?
connu
26
courir pp?
couru
27
devoir pp?
d>u
28
e'crire pp?
e'crit
29
>etre pp?
'ete'
30
faire pp?
fait
31
mettre pp?
mis
32
ouvrir pp?
ouvert
33
prendre pp?
pris
34
recevoir pp?
reçu
35
pleuvoir pp?
plu
36
tenir pp?
tenu
37
apprendre pp?
appris
38
comprendre pp?
compris
39
d'ecouvrir pp?
découvert
40
suivre pp?
suivi
41
mourir pp?
mort
42
na>itre pp?
né
43
not
ne...pas
44
never
ne...jamais
45
no longer/ more
ne...plus
46
neither...nor
ne...ni...ni
47
nothing
ne...rien
48
not anyone/noone
ne...personne
49
not a single
ne...aucun(e)
50
only
ne...que
51
present tense negatives?
goes round only the auxiliary verbs
52
past tense negatives ?
goes round the auxiliary verb and the past participle
53
rules for future tense ?
always ends in r
er+ir, same as infinitive
re verbs, same as infinitive without the final e
54
future tense endings ?
je...ai
tu...as
il/elle/on...a
nous...ons
vous...ez
ils/elles...ont
55
future tense pp of envoyer ?
enverr...
56
ft pp of aller ?
ir...
57
ft pp of avoir ?
aur...
58
ft pp of >etre ?
ser...
59
ft pp of faire ?
fer...
60
ft pp of pouvoir ?
pourr...
61
ft pp of venir ?
viendr...
62
ft pp of revenir ?
reviendr...
63
ft pp of devenir ?
deviendr...
64
ft pp of tenir ?
tiendr...
65
ft pp of voir ?
verr...
66
ft pp of recevoir ?
recevr...
67
ft pp of savoir ?
saur...
68
ft pp of devoir ?
devr...
69
ft pp of acheter ?
achèter
70
ft pp of jeter ?
jetter
71
rules about using si ?
use the present tense in the si clause and future in the second
72
reflexive verbs ?
```
je me
tu te
il/elle/on se
nous nous
vous vous
ils/elles se
```
73
s'asseoir ?
```
je m'assieds
tu t'assieds
il/elle/on s'assied
nous nous asseyons
vous vous asseyez
ils/elles s'asseyent
```
74
translate: s'en aller
to go away
75
t: se blesser
to hurt oneself
76
t: se brosser
to brush
77
t: se demander
to ask/wonder
78
t: se decher
to hurry
79
s'ennuyer ?
to be bored
80
se f>acher ?
to get angry
81
s'habituer >'a
to get used to
82
se laver
to wash
83
s'occuper de
to take care of
84
se passer
to happen
85
se peigner
to comb
86
se sentir
to feel
87
se souvenir
to remember
88
se taire
to be silent
89
se tromper
to be mistaken
90
se trouver
to be located
91
rules about reflexive verbs in perfect tense ?
always takes >etre
reflexive pronoun is infront or auxiliary verb e.g. s'est
agreement
92
How to change masc. adjectives into fem.??
Add an e
93
Masc. Adjectives ending in e?
Don’t add anything
94
Masculine adjectives ending in x ?
End in se
95
Masculine adjectives ending in f
End in ve
96
Adjectives ending in el,en or on??
Double the final consonant before adding an e
97
Some ending in s?
End in sse
98
Some ending in et
End in ète
99
Some ending in et or ot??
Double the final consonant before adding e
100
Those ending in er??
End in ère
101
Those derived from verbs and ending in eur ?
End in euse
102
Beau ->
Belle
103
Blanc->
Blanche
104
Bref
Brève
105
Faux
Fausse
106
Frais
Fraîche
107
Long
Longue
108
Nouveau
Nouvelle
109
Public
Publique
110
Sec
Sèche
111
Vieux
Vieille
112
Making most adjectives plural??
Add s to masc and fem singular form
113
Those ending in s or x ??
Don’t change in the plural
114
Singular ending in eau ??
Add x to form masculine plural
115
Mist masculine singular ending in al ??
End in aux
116
Banal,fatal,final,natal,naval??
Add s to form masc plural
117
Where to put most adjectives ??
After the noun
118
Which adjectives go infromt of noun?
Those referring to beauty,age,goodness and size
119
Special forms used in front of masculine singular nouns beginning with a vowel ??
Beau-> bel
Nouveau-> nouvel
Vieux-> vieil
120
Ordinal numbers and other common adj, usually go infromt of noun? E.g...
```
Autre
Chaque
Plusieurs
Quelques
Tel= such
Premier
```
121
What to do if two adjectives both go before or after the noun ?
Join them by et
122
What does ancien mean before noun??
| And after?
Former
| Old
123
How to compare something ?
Use plus, moins, and aussi before and que after the adjective
124
In negative sentences what can aussi become ?
Si
125
What happens to comparative when follows by a noun??
Plus...que-> plus de...que
Aussi...que-> autant de...que
Moins...que-> moins de...que
126
How to change it into superlative??
Use le la or les with comparative
127
If the adj normally goes infromt of noun?
So will superlative
128
Bon changes to ... in comparative and superlative?
Meilleur
| Le/la/les meilleur(e)(s)
129
Mauvais changes to... in comparative and superlative? But can also be regular!! Plus mauvais
Le/la/les plus mauvais
Pire
| Le/la/les pire(s)
130
More and more ?
De plus en plus
131
Less and less
De moins en moins
132
The more... the more
Plus ...plus
133
The more...the less
Plus...moins
134
When do you use Depuis?
In present tense
135
What other phrase can you use instead of depuis and in present tense ?
Ça fait (time)...que je
136
When doe you use ça fait ?
E.g ça fait Dix ans que j’apprends le français
137
Use depuis for?
Since
138
Present tense er endings??
```
E
Es
E
Ons
Ez
Ent
```
139
Ir endings in present tense ??
```
Is
Is
It
Issons
Issez
Issent
```
140
Verbs ending in re in present tense , endings ?
```
S
S
Nothing
ONS
Ez
Ent
```
141
Aider
To help
142
Apporter
To bring
143
To appreciate ?
Apprécier
144
To stop
Cesser
145
To decide
Décider
146
Dépenser
To spend money
147
Dessiner
To draw
148
Emporter
To carry /take away
149
Emprunter
To borrow
150
To teach
Enseigner
151
To earn/win
Gagner
152
Garder
To keep
153
Laisser
To let/leave behind
154
Montrer
To show
155
Passer
To pass/spend time
156
To carry /wear
Porter
157
Prêter
To lend
158
To tell
Raconter
159
To thank
Remercier
160
Rencontrer
To meet by chance
161
Retrouver
To meet by chance
162
Saluer
To greet
163
To bear/stand
Supporter
164
Traverser
To cross
165
Bâtir
To build
166
To warn
Avertir
167
To disobey
Désobéir
168
To establish
Établir
169
Grossir
To get fat
170
To cure /make better
Guérir
171
Maigrir / mincir
To get thin
172
To obey
Obéir
173
To think /reflect
Réfléchir
174
To succeed
Réussir
175
To blush
Rougir
176
Attendre
To wait for
177
To confuse
Confondre
178
To forbid
Défendre
179
Entendre
To hear
180
To interrupt
Interrompre
181
Rendre
To give back
182
Rompre
To break
183
To sell
Vendre
184
Verbs that end in g?
Add an extra e before adding ons ending e.g. nageons
185
Verbs whose stem ends in c
A cedilla is placed under the c before the ons ending commençons
186
Y changes to I?
In all parts of present tense apart from nous and vous
187
Verbs where e changes to è in all parts apart from nous and vous ?
Achèter
Lèver
Promèner
188
É changes to è ?
Préfère
Protège
Répète
Espère
189
Examples that Double consonant?
Jette
| Appelle
190
Aller
```
Je vais
Tu vas
Il/Elle/on va
Nous allons
Vous allez
Ils/elles vont
```
191
Connaître??
```
Je connais
Tu connais
Il/Elle/on connaît
Nous connaissons
Vous connaissez
Ils/elles connaissent
```
192
Devoir?
```
Je dois
Tu dois
Il/Elle/on doit
Nous devons
Vous devez
Ils/elles doivent
```
193
Dire ??
```
Je dis
Tu dis
Il/Elle/on dit
Nous disons
Vous dites
Ils/elles disent
```
194
Écrire??
```
J’écris
Tu écris
Il/Elle/on écrit
Nous écrivons
Vous écrivez
Ils/elles écrivent
```
195
Faire?
```
Je fais
Tu fais
Il/Elle/on fait
Nous faisons
Vous faites
Ils/elles font
```
196
Lire
```
Je lis
Tu lis
Il/Elle/on lit
Nous Lisons
Vous lisez
Ils/elles lisent
```
197
Mettre?
```
Je mets
Tu mets
Il/Elle/on met
Nous mettons
Vous mettez
Ils elles mettent
```
198
Partir??
```
Je pars
Tu pars
Il/Elle/on part
Nous partons
Vous partez
Ils/elles partent
```
199
Pouvoir??
```
Je peux
Tu peux
Il/Elle/on peut
Nous pouvons
Vous pouvez
Ils/elles peuvent
```
200
Prendre ??
```
Je prends
Tu prends
Il/Elle/on prend
Nous prenons
Vous prenez
Ils/elles prennent
```
201
Recevoir??
```
Je reçois
Tu reçois
Il/Elle/on reçoit
Nous recevons
Vous recevez
Ils/elles reçoivent
```
202
Savoir?
```
Je sais
Tu sais
Il/Elle/on sait
Nous savons
Vous savez
Ils/elles savent
```
203
Venir?
```
Je viens
Tu viens
Il/Elle/on vient
Nous venons
Vous venez
Ils/elles viennent
```
204
Voir
```
Je vois
Tu vois
Il/elle/on voit
Nous voyons
Vous voyez
Ils/ elles voient
```
205
Vouloir
```
Je veux
Tu veux
Ilelleon veut
Nous voulons
Vous voulez
Ils elles veulent
```
206
if the verb stem ends in g?
add an extra e in the nous form
207
if the verb stem ends in c
change the c into a cedilla in the nous form
208
what does y change to in all parts apart from nous and vous
| e.g. nettoyer
changes to I
| e.g. nettoie
209
verbs where e changes to e grave ?
acheter
210
verbs where e acute changes to e grave ?
preferer
espere
repeater
proteger
211
how to remember etre verbs ?
drapers van mmt
212
which negatives only go round the auxiliary verb in the past twnse ?
ne pas
ne jamais
ne plus
ne rien
213
which negatives go around the auxiliary verb and the past participle in the past tense ?
ne aucune
ne personne
ne ni ni
ne quew
214
what happens to du etc after a negative expression?
it changes to de/ d'
215
what does quand and lorsque mean ?
when
216
what does au moment o>'u mean ?
at the moment when
217
what does d>'es que and aussit>ot que mean ?
as soon as
218
what do you do in the logical future ?
you use the future tense in both clauses
219
what is the imperfect tense ?
a past tense
| used to describe something that was happening or used to happen
220
how do you form the imperfect tense ?
removing the ons from the nous form of the present tense and adding the imperfect tense endings
221
what are the imperfect tense endings ?
```
je ais
tu ais
il/elle/on ait
nous ions
vous iez
ils/ells aient
```
222
what happens if the stem of a verb ends with the letter g ??
an e is inserted before an ending beginning with an a
223
what happens if the stem of the verb ends with the letter c ?
a cedilla is added before an ending beginning with a
224
etre in the imperfect tense ??
```
j'etais
tu etais
il/elle/on etait
nous etions
vous etiez
ils/ells etaient
the e's at the start of each have an accent going to the left
```
225
when do you use etre in the imperfect ?
to say who or where people and things were or with an adjective to say what people or thingd were like
226
what phrase is the imperfect tense often used with ?
pendant que- the perfect and Imperfect is usually used in sentences with pendant que
227
there was/there were
il y avait
228
it was + adjective
c'etait
229
pleuvoir ?
to rain
230
present of to rain?
il pleut
231
imperfect of to rain?
il pleuvait
232
perfect of to rain
il a plu
233
future of to rain?
il pleuvra
234
what is the pluperfect tense ?
to say something had...
235
what do you need to form the pluperfect tense ?
auxiliary verb
| past participle
236
whats different about the pluperfect tense ?
the auxiliary verbs have to be in the imperfect
237
What is the conditional tense ?
It expresses a condition I.e I would in English
| It also expresses a future in the past
238
How is the conditional tense formed ?
Future stem of verb and adding the imperfect tense endings
239
What tense is usually used with the conditional tense ?
Imperfect tense
240
What is an adverb formed ?
Start with adjective
Change it to feminine
Add -ment
241
What happens if the adjective ends in a vowel ?
Add -ment to the masc form
242
Adjectives that end in ant or ent
The ant and ent hands to animent and emment
243
Adjectives which end in ément ?
Change the e to é before adding ment
244
Bref
| Brève
Brief
245
Brièvement
Briefly
246
Gentil gentille
Nice
247
Gentiment
Nicely
248
Bon bonne
Well
249
Bien
Well
250
Mauvais
| Mauvaise
Bad
251
Mal
Badly
252
Meilleur
| Meilleure
Best
253
Mieux
Better
254
How to possession in French ?
De and name of person
255
```
My
Your (fam.)
His/her/it’s
Our
Your
Their
```
```
Mon
Ton
Son
Notre
Votre
Leur
```
256
Feminine forms of possessive adjectives ??
```
Ma
Ta
Sa
Notre
Votre
Leur
```
257
Plural of possessive adjectives
```
Mes
Tes
Ses
Nos
Vos
Leurs
```
258
What to do if noun begins with s vowel ?
Use the masculine singular forms of possessive adjectives
259
Rules for possessive adjectives ?
They agree in number and in gender with the noun not the possessor
260
The possessive adjective must be repeated before each noun ?
True
261
What possessive adjectives are used with on ,personne et tout le monde ??
Son sa ses
262
What happens if the object possessedis used in a different clause to the one where on etc is used ?
Notre and votre are used instead of son sa ses
263
What is used with chacun ??
Son sa ses
264
What happens if he plural subject is modified by chacun ?
The possessive adjectives agree with the subject
265
Masculine singular for this/that etc ?
Ce
266
This, that etc before a vowel ?
Cet
267
Feminine singular of this or that
Cette
268
Plural of this that these
Ces
269
What do you add to make a clear distinction between this and that ??
Ci -this
Exemple ce livre-ci
Là -that
270
Plural of un autre ?
D’autres
271
Chaque ??
Each /every
272
Plusieurs
Several
273
Quelque in singular ?
A little
274
What does quelque mean in plural?
A few
275
What else can quelque mean ?
Any kind of
276
If quelque is used in front of a number ??
It means about
277
Masculine singular of which ?
Quel
278
Masculine plural of which?
Quels
279
Feminine of which
Quelle
280
Feminine plural of which
Quelles
281
what sequences are used with the si clause
present and future
| imperfect and conditional
282
what is the subject of a sentence ?
the person or thing doing the thing
283
what is the direct object?
the person or thing that has the action done to it
284
what is the indirect object?
always a person in french usually to...
285
what are the subject pronouns ??
```
je
tu
il
elle
on
nous
vous
ils
elles
```
286
what are the direct object pronouns ?
```
me
te
le
la
nous
vous
les
```
287
what to remember about direct object pronouns in sentence ?
they precede the verb
288
in the past tense where does the dop go ?
it goes infront of the auxiliary verb
289
what to remember about when using dop in past tense ?
the past participle then has to agree with the dop
290
what are the indirect object pronouns?
```
me
te
lui
nous
vous
leur
```
291
what to remember about indirect object pronouns?
there is no agreement
292
what are indirect object pronouns usually replacing ?
the person to whom or for whom an action is done
293
word order of direct and indirect pronouns ?
```
me,te,se,nous,vous
le,la,les
lui, leur
y
en
verb
```
294
what does the y pronouns replace ?
a,au,a la,aux,en,da,sur,sous,devant,derriere etc
295
To help
Aider à
296
To learn
Apprendre à
297
To begin
Commencer à
298
To invite
Inviter à
299
To succeed
Réussir a
300
To stop
S’arrêter de
301
To need
Avoir besoin de
302
To be scared
Avoir peur de
303
To stop
Cesser de
304
To decide
Décider de
305
To try
Essayer de
306
To avoid
Éviter de
307
To threaten
Menacer de
308
To forget
Oublier de
309
To promise
Promettre de
310
when is the logical future used ?
```
quand
lorsque
dès que
aussitôt que
au moment ou
```
311
different si clauses
present tense - future tense
imperfect tense - conditional tense
pluperfect tense - conditional perfect
312
être in imperative ?
tu - sois
vous - soyez
nous- soyons
313
avoir in imperative
tu - aie
vous-ayez
nous-ayons
314
savoir in imperative
tu-sache
vous - sachez
nous-sachons
315
ways of forming questions ?
qu'est-ce que ...
| inversion
316
subjunctive endings ?
```
je - e
tu - es
il/elle/on - e
nous - ions
vous - iez
elles /ils - ent
```
317
relative pronouns ?
que
qui
ce qui/ce que
dont
318
order of pronouns?
```
me
te
se
nous
vous
le
la
les
lui
leur
y
en
```
319
disjunctive pronouns?
```
moi
toi
lui
elle
soi
nous
vous
elles
eux
```
320
what conjunctions does subjunctive have to be used after ?
```
pour que
quoi que
bien que
afin que
avant que
sans que
jusqu'a que
pourvu que
a condition que
a moins que
de peur que
```
321
when else do you have to use subjunctive ?
```
necessity
wishing/emotion
doubt
superlatives
negative
```
322
how do you make adjectives that end in a vowel into an adverb??
you just add ment
323
what happens to adjectives that end in ant or ent ??
you change ant to amment and ent to emment
324
what happens to adverbs which end in a silent e ??
e changes to é and add ment
325
adj. - adverb of briefly
bref/brève - brièvement
326
adj. - adverb of nice
gentil/gentille - gentiment
327
adj.-adverb of good
bon/bonne - bien
328
adj. - adverb of bad
mauvais/mauvaise - mal
329
adj.-adverb of best
meilleur/meilleure - mieux
French
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