1
Q
Ar present tense endings
A
O As A Amos Áis An
2
Q
Er present tense endings
A
O Es E Emos Éis En
3
Q
Ir present tense endings
A
O Es E Imos Ís En
4
Q
Conjugate caber
A
Quepo Cabes Cabe Cabemos Cabeís Caben (To fit in)
5
Q
Conjugate caer
A
Caigo Caes Cae Caemos Caéis Caen (To fall)
6
Q
Conjugate dar
A
Doy Das Da Damos Dais Dan (To give)
7
Q
Conjugate hacer
A
Hago Haces Hace Hacemos Hacéis Hacen
8
Q
Conjugate poner
A
Pongo Pones Pone Ponemos Ponéis Ponen
9
Q
Conjugate saber
A
Sé Sabes Sabe Sabemos Sebéis Saben (To know)
10
Q
Conjugate Salir
A
Salgo Sales Sale Salimos Salís Salen
11
Q
Conjugate traer
A
Traigo Traes Trae Traemos Traéis Traen
12
Q
Conjugate valer
A
Valgo Vales Vale Valemos Valéis Valen (To value)
13
Q
Conjugate ver
A
Veo Ves Ve Vemos Veis Ven
14
Q
Conjugate decir
A
Digo Dices Dice Decimos Decís Dicen
15
Q
Conjugate oír
A
Oigo Oyes Oye Oímos Oís Oyen
16
Q
To contain
A
Contener
17
Q
To entertain
A
Entretener
18
Q
To detain, stop
A
Detener
19
Q
To maintain
A
Mantener
20
Q
To agree, to be suitable good for
A
Covenir
21
Q
To warn, prevent
A
Prevenir
22
Q
i e stem changers (boot verbs)
A
Pensar Querer Cerrar Comenzar Confesar Despertarse Empezar Nevar Sentarse Extender Perder
23
Q
To go to bed
A
Acostarse
O-ue
24
Q
To confess
A
Confesar
E-ie
25
To snow
Nevar
| E-ie
26
O-ue verbs boot verbs
```
Almorzar
Demonstrar
Soñar
Recordar
Mostrar
Encontrar
Costar
Llover
Oler
Resolver
Dormir
Morir
```
27
To demonstrate
Demonstrar
| O-ue
28
To resolve
Resolver
| O-ue
29
To smell
Oler
| O-hue
30
E-ie ir verbs boot verbs
```
Preferir
Advertir
Convertir
Hervir
Mentir
Sentir
Divertirse
```
31
To advertise, notify
Advertir
| E-ie
32
To lie
Mentir
| E-ie
33
To convert
Convertir
| E-ie
34
E-i verbs
```
Despedir
Reírse
Impedir
Medir
Vestir
Pedir
```
35
To measure
Medir
| E-I
36
To laugh
```
Reírse
E-i
Río
Ríes
Ríe
Reímos
Reís
Ríen
```
37
How to conjugate -uir verbs
```
Add y after u, except for nosotros and vosotros
Construyo
Construyes
Construye
Constuimos
Construís
Construyen
```
38
To conclude
Concluir
| Add y after u
39
To contribute
Contribuir
| Add y after u
40
To flee
Huir
| Add y after u
41
-iar verbs
```
Accent I except in vosotros (accent a) and nosotros
Envío
Envías
Envía
Enviamos
Enviáis
Envían
```
42
To confide in
Confiar
| Accent í except in vosotros (á) and nosotros
43
-uar verbs
```
Accent ú except in nosotros and vosotros (á)
Continúo
Continúas
Continúa
Continuamos
Continuáis
Continúan
```
44
To graduate
Graduarse
| Uar, accent ú except in nosotros and vosotros (á)
45
Ger
G-j in yo form
46
Gir verbs
G-j in yo form
47
Guir- verbs
Gu-g in yo form
48
Vowel + cer/cir
| Except hacer
```
Add z after vowel in yo form
Ofcezco
Ofreces
Ofrece
Ofrecemos
Ofrecéis
Ofrecen
```
49
Constant + cer
```
Add z after vowel in to form
Venzo
Vences
Vence
Vencemos
Vencéis
Vencen
```
50
The progressive
Indicates action in progress
Made of Estar and gerund
(Seguir, continuar, Venir, salir, ir, andar, entrar, llegar can be used instead of estar)
51
What expressions suggest progressive
Ahora
Ahora Mismo
En estos momentos
52
Gerund
Formed by adding ando, iendo, to end
Ar, er, no stem changes
Ir stem changing single letter change
Er, ir verbs ending in vowels change i of iendo to yendo
53
Reflexive pronouns with gerund
Object and reflexive pronouns can be attached to gerund or come before conjugated verb
When attached a or e is accented
54
Reflective pronoun placement
Before conjugate verb
Attach to affirmative command add accent
Attach to indicative
Can attach to present participle, add accent
55
When to use ser
```
Origin
Identity
Characteristics
Moral/mental characteristics (culpable, odesgraciado)
Occupation
Dates
Time
Material from which is made
Possession
Impersonal idea
Event held in
Ser+past participle + por
```
56
When to useEstar
```
Location
A state (mood, condition, feeling)
A quality or condition as a result of a previous action
An action that is in progress
Estar + present participle (gerund)
```
57
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
| Aburrido
Ser- boring
| Estar- bored
58
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
| Atento
Ser- courteous
| Estar- attentive
59
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
| Bueno
Ser- good
| Estar- tasty
60
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
| Fresco
Ser- fresh
| Estar- fresh just made
61
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
| Listo
Ser- clever
| Estar- ready
62
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
| Loco
Ser- scatterbrained
| Estar- insane
63
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
| Malo
Ser-bad
| Estar-Ill
64
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
| Orgulloso
Ser-proud
| Estar- proud
65
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
| Rico
Ser- rich
| Estar- delicious
66
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
| Seguro
Ser-safe
| Estar- certain
67
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
| Verde
Ser-green
| Estar- unrip
68
Gerund vs infinitive
Use gerund w/ estar to express action in progress
Infinitive used as a noun
Infinitive used after prepositions
Al followed by infinitive
69
Acercar vs acercarse
Acercar- to bring near
| Acercarse- to remember
70
Acordar vs. acordarse
Acordar- to agree
| Acordarse- to approach
71
Ir vs. irse
Ir- to go
| Irse- to go away, leave
72
Negar vs. negarse
Negar_ to deny
| Negarse (a) - to refuse to
73
Parecer vs parecerse (a)
Parecer- to seem
| Parecerse (a)- to look like
74
Probar vs probarse
Probar- to taste
| Probarse- to try on
75
Volver vs volverse
Volver- to return
| Volverse- to turn around
76
Use of reflective mutual actions
Subjects are performing action to or for one another
77
Hacerse+ adjective
To become, conscious effort involved in change
78
Ponerse + adjective
No conscious effort, change is physical, mental, emotional
79
Volverse + adjective
Change is involuntary, sudden, violent
80
Impersonal passive se
W/ singular or plural third person,
Subject follow verb
Ex se prohibe fumar
Smoking is prohibited
81
Impersonal se
When there is doubt about whether or not subject is impersonal, uno is used to differentiate between definite subjects and indefinite
Ex uno se Levanta Temprano
One gets up early
82
Accidental se
W/ third person singular or plural of verb to impersonalize the accident. Unplanned or unexplained accidents
The thing forgotten or dropped is the subject, not the person.
Se+ pronoun+ verb
Ex se nos Olvida la cita
Se me cayeron los libros
