1
Q
What is the most influential factor in determining the taste of wine?
A
Grape variety
The inherent flavour of any grape variety is influenced by the same factors that determine the varietal taste of any fruit.
2
Q
Which genus is important for winemaking among the Vitacee family?
A
Vitis
Only the genus Vitis is significant for winemaking, with Vitis vinifera being the primary species grown for wine.
3
Q
How many species in the genus Vitis are generally grown for wine?
A
One
Vitis vinifera and its many cultivars are the only species typically cultivated for winemaking.
4
Q
What is the Vitacee?
A
A large and diverse group of plants
It includes various plants ranging from small pot-plants to sprawling vines.
5
Q
What was the previous classification of Muscadinia?
A
Sub-genus of Vitis
Muscadinia is now considered its own genus due to differences in chromosome numbers.
6
Q
What has happened to the number of genera in the botanical family Vitaceae?
A
Increased from 10 to 17
The classification is subject to change, with potential revisions to the number of genera.
7
Q
Who is the author of The Science of Grapevines?
A
Professor Markus Keller
This book discusses the classification and science of grapevines.
8
Q
Fill in the blank: The Wine Vine Tree shows how Vitis vinifera relates to the rest of the _______.
A
vine family
This tree illustrates the relationship of Vitis vinifera within the broader context of the Vitacee family.
9
Q
What is the relationship between fruit size and flavor concentration?
A
The smaller the fruit, the more concentrated the flavour will be
Most classic grape varieties, such as Cabernet Sauvignon and Riesling, have small berries.
10
Q
Which grape variety is known as Petit Vidure?
A
Cabernet Sauvignon
Gros Vidure refers to Cabernet Franc.
11
Q
What is the significance of skin structure in grapes?
A
The skin contains most of the aromatic characteristics associated with varietal identity
Its construction and thickness are of paramount importance.
12
Q
How does the thickness of grape skin affect wine aroma?
A
Thick-skinned grapes produce aromatic wines; thin-skinned grapes may produce neutral wines
For example, Sauvignon Blanc has thick skin and produces aromatic wine, while Sémillon has thin skin and is more neutral.
13
Q
What are the aromatic variations of Sauvignon Blanc when ripe?
A
- Peach in warm climate
- Gooseberry in cool climate
When underripe, it varies from grassy to elderflower and even cat’s pee.
14
Q
What type of wine can thin-skinned Sémillon produce?
A
One of the world’s greatest botrytised sweet wines
Its thin skin makes it susceptible to noble rot, resulting in mind-blowing aromatics.
15
Q
What is the effect of skin colour and thickness on wine color?
A
- Dark-coloured, thick-skinned grapes produce deep-coloured wines
- Lighter-coloured, thin-skinned grapes produce less-intense colour
Example: Cabernet Sauvignon vs. Merlot.
16
Q
What factors determine the balance of a wine?
A
- Grape’s sugar content
- Acidity level
These elements dictate the wine’s alcohol level and natural sweetness.
17
Q
What influences the ultimate flavour of a grape?
A
- Soil
- Rootstock
- Climate
- Genetics of the vine
Genetics dictate the end result despite other factors.
18
Q
What are the three vine species commonly used for developing rootstock varieties?
A
- Vitis berlandieri
- Vitis riparia
- Vitis rupestris
These species are known for their phylloxera resistance.
19
Q
The choice of rootstock affects which two main aspects of grapevines?
A
- Suitability to vinestock
- Adaptability to geographical location and soil type
The choice can influence a vine’s productivity and the quality of wine produced.
20
Q
True or false: The lower the quantity of grapes produced, the higher the quality of wine.
A
TRUE
This principle suggests a direct relationship between grape yield and wine quality.
21
Q
Fill in the blank: The precise choice of rootstock is dependent on its suitability to the _______.
A
vinestock
This choice is crucial for successful grafting and overall vine health.
22
Q
How does rootstock influence a vine’s productivity?
A
- Increases productivity
- Decreases productivity
The impact of rootstock selection can significantly affect the grape yield.
23
Q
What is a cross in grape varieties?
A
A cross is a combination of grape varieties within one species
It results in new strains that may not be the same as the parent varieties.
24
Q
What is a hybrid in grape varieties?
A
A hybrid is a cross between grape varieties from different species
Hybrids can exhibit characteristics from both parent species.
25
What is the parentage of **Rieslaner** and **Scheurebe**?
Sylvaner x Riesling
## Footnote
These are two different grapes resulting from the same parentage.
26
What are **teinturier varieties**?
Teinturier varieties are grapes whose skin and juice are both colored
## Footnote
They can produce deeply colored red wines with less tannin.
27
What color range do most **white grapes** fall into?
* Pale green (higher-acid skin sap)
* Amber-yellow (lower acidity)
## Footnote
This range indicates the varying acidity levels in white grape varieties.
28
What distinguishes **mid-coloured varieties** from black and white grapes?
Mid-coloured varieties are classified as one category, including rouge, rosé, and gris
## Footnote
These distinctions can confuse the classification of black or white grapes.
29
What pigments in black grapes give wine its color?
Anthocyanins
## Footnote
These pigments are responsible for the color of red wine made from black grapes.
30
True or false: Red wine can be made from most black grapes because their juice is clear and uncolored.
TRUE
## Footnote
The clear juice of black grapes allows for the production of white wine.
31
What is the significance of the **88th element** in the context of grape varieties?
It refers to specific clones within grape varieties
## Footnote
Clones are named to indicate their unique characteristics.
32
What is the general classification for grapes that are neither black nor white?
Mid-coloured varieties
## Footnote
This category includes various shades that fall between black and white grapes.
33
What is the term for the **grape varieties** in cultivation?
PE VARIETIES
## Footnote
This refers to the various types of grapes that are cultivated for viticulture.
34
What is the estimated number of **grape varieties** according to DNA analysis?
Approximately 5,000
## Footnote
This number may vary based on ongoing research and discoveries.
35
How do most **grape varieties** originate?
* Spontaneous crossing
* Seedlings
## Footnote
Most grapevines are hermaphrodite, allowing for fertilization by pollen from another variety.
36
What is the process of **cloning** in viticulture?
Replicating a vine an infinite number of times by micro-biogenetic techniques
## Footnote
Clones are named by number and initial, such as 'Riesling clone 88Gm'.
37
What is a **localized clone**?
A vine that has evolved naturally under specific conditions within a particular environment
## Footnote
These may acquire new names over time, often forgetting the original variety.
38
True or false: **Clones** of grapevines can be produced indefinitely.
TRUE
## Footnote
Cloning allows for the replication of specific vines to suit various conditions.
39
What is the significance of **intensive selection** in viticulture?
To produce a vine that suits specific conditions such as yield, disease resistance, or climate adaptation
## Footnote
This process enhances the quality and adaptability of grape varieties.
40
What is the **issue** with grape variety **synonyms**?
Many varieties have several different synonyms, leading to confusion
## Footnote
For example, the Malbec grape has at least 34 different names.
41
How many synonyms does the **Chasselas** grape have?
213
## Footnote
This high number of synonyms can complicate identification and classification.
42
True or false: The **Malbec** grape is known as **Auxerrois** in Cahors and is a white grape in Alsace and Chablis.
TRUE
## Footnote
This illustrates the complexity of grape variety synonyms and their regional variations.
43
What are the two types of **synonyms** distinguished by ampelographers?
* Erroneous synonyms
* Misleading synonyms
## Footnote
Erroneous synonyms are mistakenly assigned names, while misleading synonyms suggest incorrect relationships.
44
The Italian **Trebbiano** is a synonym for which French grape variety?
Ugni Blanc
## Footnote
Trebbiano has many recognized sub-varieties under Italian vine regulations.
45
Fill in the blank: The **Malbec** grape is known as the **________** in Cahors.
Auxerrois
## Footnote
This name can lead to confusion as it refers to different grape types in other regions.
46
What does the term **localized clones** refer to in grape varieties?
Synonyms that are regarded as separate varieties
## Footnote
These clones may have distinct characteristics recognized by regulations.
47
What is the **synonym** for Nuragus?
© Abbondosa
## Footnote
Abbondosa is a synonym for the grape Nuragus.
48
What is the **incorrect link** associated with Abbuoto?
Incorrectly linked to the ancient Roman wine Caecuban
## Footnote
Caecuban was a white wine, while Abbuoto is a black grape.
49
What type of wine does **Abbuoto** produce?
* Deep-coloured red
* Full-flavoured red with a tannic edge
## Footnote
Abbuoto benefits from ageing in oak and blending with other varieties.
50
What type of wine does **Abouriou** produce?
* Gamay-like red wine
* Inexpensive rosé
## Footnote
Abouriou is primarily found in southwestern France.
51
What is the **synonym** for L'Acadie?
© Acadie
## Footnote
Acadie is a synonym for the grape L'Acadie.
52
What type of grape is **Ada Karasi** or **Adakarasi**?
A Turkish grape traditionally used for producing a soft, deep-coloured red
## Footnote
Ada Karasi is known for its soft texture and deep color.
53
What is **Agiorgitiko** known for?
An excellent indigenous Greek grape variety responsible for rich, often oak-aged wines
## Footnote
Agiorgitiko means 'the grape of St George' and is one of the most widely planted grape varieties in Greece.
54
In which region of Greece is **Agiorgitiko** primarily grown?
Nemea
## Footnote
The wines produced from Agiorgitiko are known for their quality and richness.
55
The **spiciness** of Agiorgitiko wines becomes more defined with what factor?
Greater altitude
## Footnote
The best Agiorgitiko wines exhibit a spicy richness to the fruit.
56
True or false: **Agiorgitiko** is a grape variety that is not widely planted in Greece.
FALSE
## Footnote
It is one of the most widely planted grape varieties in Greece.
57
What is the **grape** that made the famous **Falernum** of ancient Rome?
Aglianico
## Footnote
Aglianico is known for its dark and rustically rich characteristics.
58
Which grape is the **widest planted white wine grape** in the world?
Airén
## Footnote
Grown for its good acidity in hot climates and has a neutral character.
59
What does **Ak Dimrit** literally mean?
white Dimrit
## Footnote
It is a synonym for Dimrit Beyaz, commonly used in Central Anatolia and the Mediterranean Coast.
60
What is **Albariño** a synonym for?
Alvarinho
## Footnote
This grape is known for its delicate and elegant character.
61
What is the principal variety for the **Cinque Terre DOC**?
Albarola
## Footnote
This grape is native to northwestern Italy.
62
What type of wine does **Aleatico** usually produce?
vivid red sweet wine
## Footnote
Grown principally in Southern Italy and may be fortified.
63
What is **Alfrocheiro Preto** used for?
blending component in red wines
## Footnote
It is found in regions like Alentejo and Dão in Portugal.
64
What is the full name of **Alicante Bouschet**?
Alicante Henri Bouschet
## Footnote
It is a teinturier grape known for its vivid red juice.
65
What type of wines does **Aligoté** produce?
tart wines of moderate alcoholic content
## Footnote
Best wines come from certain Burgundian villages, especially Bouzeron.
66
What is the finest traditional variety of **Savoie**?
Altesse
## Footnote
It makes delightfully rich and fragrant wines.
67
What is **Alvarelhão** known for?
one of Port's lesser varieties
## Footnote
Found in Galicia, Spain, and Australia.
68
What is the classic grape of **Vinho Verde**?
Alvarinho
## Footnote
It is gaining mainstream status due to its saline character.
69
What is **Ancellota** used for in Emilia-Romagna?
to deepen the colour of Lambrusca
## Footnote
Also grown in Argentina.
70
What is the cross of **André** grape?
Blaufränkisch x St-Laurent
## Footnote
Primarily grown in Czechia's Moravia region.
71
What is **Ansolica** a synonym for?
Inzolia
## Footnote
Also known as Ansonica.
72
What does **Aragnan** refer to?
synonym for Picardan
## Footnote
It is a lesser-known grape variety.
73
What is the **synonym** for **Grenache**?
Aragones
## Footnote
Aragones is a synonym for Tempranillo.
74
What grape variety was once the most widely planted in France but is now rapidly declining?
Aramon
## Footnote
More than 3,000 hectares (7,415 acres) are still grown, mainly in the Hérault.
75
What is **Arbane** known for?
An ancient Champagne grape variety
## Footnote
It was supposed to be easily detectable in Aube wines in the 19th century.
76
What is the **cross** that created **Arinarnoa**?
Tannat x Cabernet Sauvignon
## Footnote
Created at Montpellier in 1956, it has gained cultivation beyond France and Lebanon since the late 1990s.
77
What is **Arinto** primarily used for in Portugal?
To make a crisp, lemony wine
## Footnote
It is considered one of Portugal's potentially excellent white grapes.
78
What does **Assyrtiko** represent in Greece?
A high-quality indigenous variety
## Footnote
The classic example is found on Santorini.
79
What is **Aubun** known for?
A minor blending component
## Footnote
It has been banned since 1995 due to its blandness.
80
What is the **characteristic** of **Aurore**?
Very blandness
## Footnote
Often used to mute the foxiness of Lambrusca wines.
81
What is **Auxerrois** known for in Alsace?
Makes a fatter wine than Pinot Blanc
## Footnote
It is suited for cooler situations.
82
What is **Avesso**?
A mildly aromatic Portuguese variety
## Footnote
Used for Vinho Verde.
83
What is the **synonym** for **Picpoul Blanche**?
Avillo
## Footnote
It is a synonym used in wine terminology.
84
What is the **cross** that created Arinarnoa?
Tannat x Cabernet Sauvignon
## Footnote
This cross was created at Montpellier in 1956 and has gained cultivation beyond France and Lebanon since the late 1990s.
85
In which **district** is Arinto used to make a crisp, lemony wine?
Bucelas
## Footnote
Arinto is one of Portugal's potentially excellent white grapes.
86
What does the name **Arneis** literally mean?
little rascal
## Footnote
This Piedmontese grape was named for its erratic ripening and has spread to various regions including Australia and New Zealand.
87
What is the status of the **Arrufiac** grape in modern viticulture?
Reduced to secondary status
## Footnote
Arrufiac was formerly a primary grape for Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh and Côtes de Saint-Mont.
88
What is **Arvino Nero** a synonym for?
Gaglioppo and Magliocco Dolce
## Footnote
This grape is known for its use in Italian wines.
89
What is the primary use of **Aspiran Bouschet** in modern winemaking?
Minor blending component in Minervois
## Footnote
Aspiran was once widely planted but is rarely found in France today.
90
What is **Asprinio** a synonym for?
Greco di Tufa
## Footnote
This grape is used in Italian wines, particularly in Campania.
91
What is the **synonym** for Auxerrois?
Malbec
## Footnote
Auxerrois is also known for its use in white wine production.
92
What type of wine does **Băbească Neagră** produce?
Deep-coloured, spicy red wine
## Footnote
This variety is primarily found in the Nicoresti area of Romania.
93
What is the **cross** that created Bacchus?
(Riesling x Sylvaner) * Müller-Thurgau
## Footnote
Bacchus is one of Germany's superior crosses and is known for its aromatic qualities.
94
What is the principal grape variety for **Bairrada**?
Baga
## Footnote
Baga produces firm tannic reds, with evolving practices leading to softer tannins.
95
What is **Barbarossa** or **Barbarossa Rosé**?
A number of light-red grape varieties found in the Piedmont, Liguria, and Tuscany regions of Italy, as well as Corsica.
## Footnote
These varieties are known for their light-red color and are cultivated in specific Italian regions.
96
Where is **Barbaroux** or **Barbaroux Rosé** primarily found?
Provence (AOCs of Cassis and Vin de Provence)
## Footnote
This grape is used to make rosés or to lighten heavier reds in southern France.
97
What is **Baroque** or **Barroque**?
A herbaceous Colombard-like white wine grape from southwestern France, primarily responsible for Tursan AOC.
## Footnote
This grape variety contributes to the unique characteristics of wines from the Tursan region.
98
What is the classic Port grape identified as **Bastardo**?
Trousseau
## Footnote
This ancient variety was once widely cultivated in the Jura, France.
99
What is **Beaunois** a synonym for?
Chardonnay
## Footnote
This synonym highlights the versatility of Chardonnay in different wine regions.
100
Name three successful hybrids from the **'Bei' series**.
* Beichun
* Beihong
* Beimei
## Footnote
These hybrids were bred in China to withstand severe winter temperatures and yield high sugar content.
101
What is **Bianco d'Alessano** known for in Apulia?
A secondary variety in the DOCs of Gravina, Lizzano, Locorotondo, and Martina Franca.
## Footnote
It also enjoys success in the hot Riverina region of Australia.
102
Where is **Biancolella** primarily grown?
On the island of Ischia
## Footnote
It is also used as a component of DOCs Campi Flegrei and Penisola Sorrentina.
103
What does **Bical** literally mean in Portuguese?
Fly droppings (Borrado des Moscas)
## Footnote
This name refers to the brown spots that develop on the berries when ripe.
104
What is **Bical** known for in winemaking?
Retaining high natural acidity at moderate alcohol levels
## Footnote
This characteristic makes it well-suited for white winemaking in hot areas.
105
What is **Bical Tinto** a synonym for?
Touriga Nacional
## Footnote
This synonym reflects the grape's importance in Portuguese winemaking.
106
What is **Bidure** a synonym for?
Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
## Footnote
This highlights the grape's relation to these well-known varieties.
107
What is **Black Alicante** a synonym for?
Trincadeira
## Footnote
This synonym indicates the grape's usage in various wine styles.
108
What is **Black Hamburg** a synonym for?
Schiava Grossa
## Footnote
This synonym connects the grape to its historical cultivation.
109
What is **Black Malvoisie** a synonym for?
Cinsault
## Footnote
This reflects the grape's role in producing various wine styles.
110
What are the synonyms for **Black Muscat**?
Muscat A
## Footnote
This grape is known for its aromatic qualities and is used in various wine styles.
111
What is **B Béquignol** known for?
An old Bordeaux variety rarely encountered in France today but widely grown in Argentina, producing soft, deeply coloured red wines.
## Footnote
B Béquignol is a historical grape variety with limited presence in its country of origin.
112
What does **Bernarde** refer to?
Synonym for Prié Blanc
## Footnote
Bernarde is used interchangeably with Prié Blanc in wine terminology.
113
What is **Bervedino** primarily used for?
A minor grape used in Colli Piacentini as a major component in vin santo and allowed as a secondary variety in Monterosso Val d'Arda.
## Footnote
Bervedino produces a full yet soft wine with neutral fruit.
114
What is the significance of **Biancame**?
Central Italian grape responsible for Bianchello del Metauro DOC in Marche and can be part of a blend or standalone in Colli di Rimini DOC in Emilia-Romagna.
## Footnote
Biancame is important for regional wine production.
115
What is **Bianchino** a synonym for?
Montuni
## Footnote
Bianchino is used interchangeably with Montuni in grape nomenclature.
116
What does **Black Muscat** refer to?
Synonyms for Muscat of Hamburg
## Footnote
Black Muscat is a variety known for its aromatic qualities.
117
What is **Black Portugal** a synonym for?
Trincadeira
## Footnote
Black Portugal is often used in Portuguese wine contexts.
118
Where was **Black Queen** developed?
Originally developed in Japan
## Footnote
Black Queen is popular in the small wine industries of Taiwan, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand.
119
What does **Blanc Doux** refer to?
Synonym for Sémillon
## Footnote
Blanc Doux is associated with sweet wine varieties.
120
What is **Blanc Fumé** a synonym for?
Sauvignon Blanc
## Footnote
Blanc Fumé is a term used primarily in the Loire Valley.
121
What does **Blanc de Morgex** refer to?
Synonyms for the Prié Blanc
## Footnote
Blanc de Morgex is a grape variety used in the production of local wines.
122
What is **Blanc Vert** a synonym for?
Sacy
## Footnote
Blanc Vert is primarily found in the Champagne region.
123
What is **Blauburgunder** a synonym for?
Pinot Noir
## Footnote
Blauburgunder is commonly used in German-speaking wine regions.
124
What does **Blauer Portugieser** refer to?
Synonym for Portugieser
## Footnote
Blauer Portugieser is a grape variety used in various wine styles.
125
What is **Baco Noir** also known as?
Baco 1
## Footnote
Baco Noir is the first Baco variety produced by François Baco, a hybrid of Folle Blanche and Riparia Grand Glabre.
126
Which grape is particularly successful in **Ontario** or the **Atlantic Northeast**?
Baco Noir
## Footnote
This grape can produce a decent medium-bodied red and occasionally exceptional wines with smoky-spicy finesse.
127
Who produced the **Baco** varieties in the 19th century?
François Baco
## Footnote
He created numerous Baco hybrids, with the original Baco being the most referenced.
128
What are the two parent grapes of **Baco Noir**?
* Folle Blanche
* Riparia Grand Glabre
## Footnote
These parent grapes contribute to the characteristics of Baco Noir.
129
True or false: There are many **Baco varieties**, all produced in the 19th century.
TRUE
## Footnote
Most Baco varieties are referred to by numbers, but some have unique names.
130
Name two **primary names** of Baco varieties other than Baco Noir.
* Petit Boue
* Bakouri
## Footnote
These names are among the few that have been assigned to specific Baco hybrids.
131
What is the **dominant variety** in Utiel-Requena, Spain?
Bobal
## Footnote
Bobal makes fruity, medium-bodied, easy-drinking reds.
132
What grape variety is known for making light, fresh, fruity wines and is grown in Piedmont, Italy?
Barbera
## Footnote
Barbera has refreshing acidity and performs well in warmer climates.
133
What is the **synonym** for Malvasia Fina?
Boal or Boal Branco
## Footnote
This synonym is used in various regions for the same grape.
134
Which grape variety is often mistaken for Trebbiano and is widely planted throughout central and southern Italy?
Bombino or Bombino Bianco
## Footnote
Bombino is highly resistant to parasites and adverse climatic conditions.
135
What is the **secondary variety** for the DOC of Lizzano in Apulia?
Bombino Nero
## Footnote
Bombino Nero is less widely planted and regarded than its white sibling.
136
What grape variety is referred to as Lemberger in the Atlantic Northeast and is known for making light red wine?
Blaufränkisch
## Footnote
This variety goes by many synonyms in Europe.
137
What is the **synonym** for Bonarda variants that includes Douce Noire and Croatina?
Bonarda
## Footnote
Bonarda is a confusing mess of incorrect synonyms and other varieties.
138
What grape is known as Pagadebit in Emilia-Romagna and produces firmer-structured, more alcoholic wine?
Bombino
## Footnote
Pagadebit di Romagna DOC wines can be dry, semi-sweet, still, or frizzante.
139
True or false: The **Bombino** grape is primarily used for making high-quality wines.
FALSE
## Footnote
Bombino is often used as a blending component and is not known for high-quality wines.
140
Fill in the blank: The **Blauer Wildbacher** grape is found in western Steiermark and makes some nice fresh, crisp, dry _______.
rosé wines
## Footnote
It also produces a few outlandish fizzy reds.
141
What is **Bonarda di Piava**?
A minor blending component occasionally encountered in the Veneto region of Italy
## Footnote
It is used in various wine blends.
142
What is **Bonarda Piemontese** traditionally used for?
* Supporting Vebbiolo in Doc wines such as Bramaterra
* Gattinara
* Ghemme
* Making pure varietal wine under the Piemonte DOC
## Footnote
This grape is native to Italy.
143
In which country is **Bonarda** cultivated on a far greater scale?
Argentina
## Footnote
It is most successful in Syrah-Bonarda blends.
144
What are the synonyms for **Croatina**?
* Bonarda di Rovescala
* Bonarda Grossa
* Bonarda Pignola
## Footnote
These synonyms refer to different variations of the grape.
145
What is **Bondola**?
An indigenous Swiss variety used for rustic reds, best when blended with Freisa and other local varieties
## Footnote
Bondola can be used on its own but shines in blends.
146
What is the synonym for **Baroque**?
Bordelais
## Footnote
Bordelais is used interchangeably with Baroque in certain contexts.
147
What is **Bouchalès** also known as?
Prolongeau
## Footnote
Bouchalès is almost extinct but has been revived in wines like Cuvée A & A from Château de la Vieille Chapelle.
148
What grape is synonymous with **Bical**?
Borrado des Moscas
## Footnote
This synonym is used in specific wine contexts.
149
What is **Bouchet** a synonym for?
Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
## Footnote
Bouchet is particularly noted in St-Emilion and Pomerol.
150
Where is **Cabernet Franc** primarily grown?
Bordeaux, St-Emilion, and Pomerol
## Footnote
Cabernet Franc tends to produce earthy, aromatic wines.
151
What is the characteristic of **Cabernet Franc** compared to **Cabernet Sauvignon**?
Slightly earthy style, very aromatic, less fine characteristics on the palate
## Footnote
This distinction is noted under the Bellet AOC.
152
What are the synonyms for **Braquet Blanc**?
Braquet Gris and Jurançon Blanc
## Footnote
Braquet Blanc exists alongside its synonym Braquet Gris.
153
What is **Brugnola** known for?
A close relative of Nebbiolo, secondary variety for Valtellina Rosso DOC
## Footnote
Produces firm, high acid red wines.
154
What AOCs allow **Brun Argenté**?
* Côtes du Rhône
* Côtes du Rhône Villages
* Gigondas
* Rasteau
* Vacqueyras
## Footnote
Brun Argenté is authorized under multiple synonyms.
155
What is **Brunello** a synonym for?
Sangiovese
## Footnote
Brunello is often associated with high-quality wines.
156
What is **Bondola**?
An indigenous Swiss variety used for rustic reds, best when blended with Freisa and other local varieties
## Footnote
Bondola can be used on its own but shines in blends.
157
What is the synonym for **Baroque**?
Bordelais
## Footnote
Bordelais is used interchangeably with Baroque in certain contexts.
158
What is **Bouchalès** also known as?
Prolongeau
## Footnote
Bouchalès is almost extinct but has been revived in wines like Cuvée A & A from Château de la Vieille Chapelle.
159
What grape is synonymous with **Bical**?
Borrado des Moscas
## Footnote
This synonym is used in specific wine contexts.
160
What is **Bouchet** a synonym for?
Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
## Footnote
Bouchet is particularly noted in St-Emilion and Pomerol.
161
Where is **Cabernet Franc** primarily grown?
Bordeaux, St-Emilion, and Pomerol
## Footnote
Cabernet Franc tends to produce earthy, aromatic wines.
162
What is the characteristic of **Cabernet Franc** compared to **Cabernet Sauvignon**?
Slightly earthy style, very aromatic, less fine characteristics on the palate
## Footnote
This distinction is noted under the Bellet AOC.
163
What are the synonyms for **Braquet Blanc**?
Braquet Gris and Jurançon Blanc
## Footnote
Braquet Blanc exists alongside its synonym Braquet Gris.
164
What is **Brugnola** known for?
A close relative of Nebbiolo, secondary variety for Valtellina Rosso DOC
## Footnote
Produces firm, high acid red wines.
165
What AOCs allow **Brun Argenté**?
* Côtes du Rhône
* Côtes du Rhône Villages
* Gigondas
* Rasteau
* Vacqueyras
## Footnote
Brun Argenté is authorized under multiple synonyms.
166
What is **Brunello** a synonym for?
Sangiovese
## Footnote
Brunello is often associated with high-quality wines.
167
What is a **synonym** for **Cabernet Franc**?
Cabernet Sauvignon
## Footnote
Cabernet Franc is often referred to as a synonym for Cabernet Sauvignon.
168
Where is **Bourboulenc** particularly found?
Southern France, particularly in the Rhone
## Footnote
Bourboulenc is an authorized variety for several AOCs, most famously Chäteauneuf-du-Pape.
169
What is the significance of **Bourboulenc**'s late-ripening ability?
Retains good acid levels
## Footnote
This property makes Bourboulenc useful for tweaking blends.
170
Who took **Bourboulenc** to Australia and in what year?
James Busby, 1832
## Footnote
He took it after touring French and Spanish vineyards.
171
What is **Bouvier** known for?
Modest-quality variety in Central Europe
## Footnote
It produces the 'Tiger's Milk' wine of Slovenia.
172
What is **Bouviertraube** a synonym for?
Bouvier
## Footnote
Bouviertraube is another name for the Bouvier grape.
173
What is a synonym for **Carignan**?
Bovale
## Footnote
Bovale is used interchangeably with Carignan.
174
What type of wine does **Brachetto** produce?
Brachetto d'Acqui DOC
## Footnote
It is the red wine equivalent of a top Asti.
175
Where is **Braquet** primarily grown?
Small area of Provence
## Footnote
Braquet is authorized for the production of red and rosé wines.
176
What is **Brunello** a synonym for?
Sangiovese
## Footnote
Brunello is often used interchangeably with Sangiovese.
177
What is **Bual** a synonym for?
Malvasia Fina
## Footnote
Bual is another name for Malvasia Fina.
178
What are **Burgundi Kék** and **Burgundi Nagyszemu** synonyms for?
Gamay
## Footnote
Both terms refer to the Gamay grape variety.
179
What is **Burgundské Modé** a synonym for?
Pinot Noir
## Footnote
This term is used interchangeably with Pinot Noir.
180
What is **Cabernet Gernischt** a synonym for?
Carménère
## Footnote
Cabernet Gernischt is another name for Carménère.
181
What is the origin of **Cabernet Pfeffer**?
Minor California variety
## Footnote
Its origins are debated, with some claiming it is a late-19th-century cross made by William Pfeffer.
182
What is the **noblest variety** of Bordeaux?
Cabernet Sauvignon
## Footnote
It is rich in colour, aroma, and depth, and is vital to classic Médoc wines.
183
What are the **parents** of Cabernet Sauvignon?
* Cabernet Franc
* Sauvignon Blanc
## Footnote
These parent varieties contribute to the characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon.
184
What is **Calabrese** a synonym for?
Nero d'Avola
## Footnote
Nero d'Avola is a prominent grape variety from Sicily.
185
What is **Calitor** also known as?
Calitor Noir
## Footnote
It is a minor Provencal grape that is being grubbed up due to its high yields and neutral character.
186
In what year did **James Busby** take Calitor to Australia?
1832
## Footnote
Only a few vines of Calitor survive in Australia today.
187
What is the **secondary variety** for the AOCs of Béarn and Jurançon?
Camaralet
## Footnote
It produces only female flowers and requires another variety for pollination.
188
What is **Cardinal** primarily used as?
Table grape
## Footnote
It has a neutral flavour and low acids.
189
What is **Carignan** also known as?
* Carignan Noir
* Mataro
* Carignane
* Carignano
* Cariñena
## Footnote
It is extensively grown in southern France and California.
190
What is **Carménère** known for?
An old bordelais variety that was almost extinct
## Footnote
It was discovered in Chile posing as Merlot.
191
What cross is **Carnelian** a result of?
Grenache x (Carignan x Cabernet Sauvignon)
## Footnote
Developed in the 1930s for California's hot continental climate.
192
What is the **potential quality** of Carnelian in Western Australia?
Shows promise
## Footnote
It was mistakenly planted as Sangiovese.
193
What is the **maior grade** in the text?
Carricante
## Footnote
Further details about Carricante are not provided in the text.
194
What is the **synonym** for Camaraou?
Camaralet
## Footnote
Camaraou is a synonym for Camaralet.
195
Where is **Camarate Tinto** primarily planted?
* Bairrada
* Lisboa
* Tejo
* Dão
## Footnote
It is the second-most-planted red variety in Bairrada.
196
What is the **synonym** for Brun Argenté?
Camarèse
## Footnote
Camarèse is a synonym for Brun Argenté.
197
What hybrid is **Campbell Early** derived from?
Moore Early × (Belvidere x Muscat Hamburg)
## Footnote
This hybrid is grown in marginal wine-grape regions like South Korea and Japan.
198
What is **Canaiolo** also known as?
Canaiolo Nero
## Footnote
It is a secondary variety for wines such as Carmignano, Chianti, and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano.
199
What is the **synonym** for Guarnaccia Bianca?
Cannamel
## Footnote
Cannamel is a synonym for Guarnaccia Bianca or Tintora (red).
200
What are the synonyms for **Grenache**?
* Cannonadu
* Cannonao
* Cannonatu
* Cannonau
* Canonau
## Footnote
These terms refer to the same grape variety known as Grenache.
201
What is **Cape Riesling** commonly referred to in South Africa?
Crouchen
## Footnote
Cape Riesling is not commercialized as such but is still commonly referred to by this name.
202
What is the major grape in **Etna DOC**?
Carricante
## Footnote
Carricante produces neutral-flavored white wine unless planted at higher altitudes.
203
What is the relationship between **Carricante** and **Catarratto**?
Not related
## Footnote
Carricante is not related to true Catarratto, which is a secondary variety in the Etna DOC.
204
What is **Casavecchia**?
Minor grape of uncertain parentage
## Footnote
Casavecchia is only found in Campania.
205
What is the **characteristic** of the hybrid **Cascade**?
Prolific producer of light colored, undistinguished red wine
## Footnote
Cascade's sensitivity to virus diseases outweighs its early-ripening qualities.
206
What is **Casculho** also known as?
Cascudo
## Footnote
Casculho is a minor grape for Douro table wines and can also be a synonym for Camarate.
207
What is the **synonym** for Trincadeira Preta?
Castelão de Cova da Beira
## Footnote
This term is used as a synonym for Trincadeira Preta.
208
What are the **synonyms** for Camarate?
* Castelão Nacional
* Castelão Real
## Footnote
These terms are synonyms for Camarate.
209
Where is **Castets** originally from?
Southwest France
## Footnote
Castets is almost extinct and rarely encountered beyond a few parcels in Palette AOC of Provence.
210
What is the **characteristic aroma** of the Catawba grape?
Foxy aroma
## Footnote
Catawba is a labrusca x vinifera cross that was once very famous.
211
True or false: The **Cayetana Blanca** grape is known for making high-quality wines.
FALSE
## Footnote
It is a mediocre Iberian variety mainly grown in Spain and Portugal.
212
What is the **parentage** of the Cercial grape?
Sercial x Malvasia Fina
## Footnote
It should not be confused with the Madeira variety Sercial.
213
What is the **main use** of the Cereza grape?
Blending component
## Footnote
Cereza is a high-yielding Argentinian varietal that lacks fruit and body.
214
In which region is **Cesanese** primarily found?
Lazio
## Footnote
It produces numerous medium-bodied red wines of no special quality.
215
What is the **quality** of the César grape?
Moderate quality
## Footnote
It is still used in some areas of Burgundy, notably for Bourgogne Irancy.
216
What is the **notable characteristic** of the Chambourcin grape?
Rot-resistance
## Footnote
It can yield decent wines even in challenging weather conditions.
217
What is the **cross** that created Chardonel?
Seyval x Chardonnay
## Footnote
It was made by Cornell University in 1953 but not released until 1990.
218
What is the **best use** for Chasan grape?
Bottled and consumed early
## Footnote
It is slightly aromatic with low acidity.
219
Where is **Chasselas** primarily best known?
Alsace and Switzerland's Valais
## Footnote
It is primarily a good eating grape.
220
What is the **synonym** for Chiavennasca?
Nebbiolo
## Footnote
Chiavennasca is a synonym used in certain regions.
221
What is the **secondary variety** for various wines in Tuscany?
Ciliegiolo
## Footnote
It is also known as Sangiovese Polveroso.
222
What is the **main characteristic** of Cinsault grape?
Prolific grape variety
## Footnote
It is found mainly in Southern Rhône and Languedoc-Roussillon vineyards.
223
What is the **best-known** use of Clairette grape?
Wines of southern France
## Footnote
It is a sugar-rich, intrinsically flabby grape.
224
What is the **main claim** to fame for Coda di Volpe grape?
Variety for Vesuvio wines
## Footnote
It is a Campanian grape.
225
What is the **growing region** for Códega grape?
Trentino
## Footnote
It is usually blended with other varieties.
226
What is the **notable feature** of Colombard grape?
High acidity
## Footnote
It is used for producing wines in Armagnac and California.
227
What is the **characteristic** of Colorin grape?
Easily aerated bunches
## Footnote
It is found in Tuscany and has thick skins.
228
What is the **synonym** for **Ugni Blanc**?
Clairette à Grains Ronds
## Footnote
This term is also used interchangeably with Bourboulenc.
229
Who bred the **Clairette à Gros Grains** variety?
Antoine Besson
## Footnote
This variety is grown in parts of Provence.
230
What is the **synonym** for **Clairette Blanche**?
Clairette de Trans
## Footnote
This term is used interchangeably with Clairette Blanche.
231
What is the **synonym** for **Crouchen**?
Clare Riesling
## Footnote
This grape variety is known for its use in various wine styles.
232
What is the **synonym** for **Pinot Blanc**?
Clevner
## Footnote
This term is used to refer to the same grape variety.
233
Where is **Cococciola** mainly found?
Abruzzo and Puglia
## Footnote
This grape yields straightforward, fruity, and herbal wines.
234
What is the main claim to fame of **Coda di Volpe**?
Primary variety for Vesuvio Lacryma Christi
## Footnote
This minor Campanian grape variety is notable for its use in this wine.
235
What is the **Portuguese variety** grown in Transmontano?
Códega
## Footnote
It is usually blended into the wines of Chaves and Valpaços.
236
What does **Colombard** produce?
Thin, acidic wine
## Footnote
Ideal for the distillation of Armagnac and Cognac.
237
What is the **synonym** for **Colombard**?
Colombier
## Footnote
This term is used interchangeably with Colombard or Sémillon.
238
Where is **Colorino** widely grown?
Tuscany
## Footnote
Particularly in Valdarno, Val d'Elsa, and the Val di Pesa.
239
What is the **name** of the rare Swiss variety of ancient origin?
Completer
## Footnote
This grape should be called the Malanstraube.
240
What is **Complexa** used to make?
Madeira
## Footnote
This red Portuguese variety was created from a crossing of Castelao, Muscat Hamburg, and Tintinha.
241
What is the **widest-cultivated variety** in North America outside of California?
Concord
## Footnote
This Vitis labrusca variety has an extremely pronounced foxy flavour.
242
What is **Cornalin** also known as?
Humagne Rouge
## Footnote
This old Italian variety is virtually extinct in its native Valle d'Aosta.
243
What is **Cornifesto** grown for?
Port and table wines
## Footnote
This Portuguese variety is cultivated in the Douro region.
244
What does **Cortese** produce?
Soft-textured, dry white wines
## Footnote
The best known example is perhaps Gavi DOCG.
245
What is **Corvina** primarily used in?
Valpolicella
## Footnote
It is the mainstay of Valpolicella and is blended into many other wines.
246
What is **Corvinone** used as?
Substitute for Corvina
## Footnote
It is used in Valpolicella DOC and the Amarone and Recioto DOCGs.
247
What is the **synonym** for **Malbec**?
Côt
## Footnote
This term is used interchangeably with Malbec.
248
What grape variety is referred to as **CHENIN BLANC**?
Chenin Blanc
## Footnote
This grape is known for its versatility in producing various wine styles.
249
What is **Counoise** known for in Châteauneuf-du-Pape?
A minority role among the 13 permitted varieties
## Footnote
Also widely grown in southern Rhône, Languedoc, and Provence. Beware that Counoise is a synonym for Aubun, a different variety.
250
What is the **characteristic** of **Criolla** grapes?
A loose family of grapes evolved in South America
## Footnote
Originated from the Mission Grape brought by Spanish missionaries, crossed with other varieties.
251
What is **Criolla Chica** a synonym for?
Listán Prieto or Mission
## Footnote
This grape is part of the Criolla family.
252
What is **Criolla Grande**?
An Argentine descendant of Mission Grape
## Footnote
A mildly aromatic cross with Muscat d'Alexandrie, second-most widely cultivated mid-coloured grape.
253
What type of wines does **Croatina** produce?
Well-coloured, soft, and fruity red wines
## Footnote
Found in Lombardy and Piedmont, often confused with Bonarda and Nebbiolo.
254
What is **Crouchen** commonly mistaken for?
Clare or Cape Riesling
## Footnote
Widely cultivated in Australia and South Africa, efforts have been made to standardize its labeling.
255
What is **Cabagyöngye** a cross of?
Madeleine Angevine x Muscat Fleur d'Orange
## Footnote
Created in Hungary in 1904, grown in Hungary, France, and Argentina.
256
What is **Damaschino** primarily used for?
Marsala blends
## Footnote
A Sicilian grape with a neutral character, also grown in Australia and Provence.
257
What is **Deckrot** primarily used for?
To add colour to local red wines
## Footnote
A teinturier grape mainly grown in Germany.
258
Where was **Delaware** developed?
Frenchtown, New Jersey
## Footnote
An American hybrid of uncertain parentage, popular in Japan.
259
What is **Dimyat** known for?
Producing fresh, tangy white wines
## Footnote
An underrated Bulgarian variety grown in the Danube Plain and Thracian Lowlands.
260
What type of wines does **Dolcetto** produce?
Delightful wines when yields are restricted
## Footnote
An underrated variety found in northwestern Italy, often over-cropped.
261
What is **Dornfelder**?
A Helfensteiner x Heroldrebe cross that produces light-to-medium-bodied reds with a malleable fruit character
## Footnote
Dornfelder is grown mostly in the Pfalz, Rheinheßen, and Württemberg regions of Germany, but can also be found in England and other marginal grape-growing areas of the world.
262
In which regions of **Germany** is Dornfelder primarily grown?
* Pfalz
* Rheinheßen
* Württemberg
## Footnote
These regions are known for their suitable climate and soil for grape cultivation.
263
True or false: **Dornfelder** can be found in England and other marginal grape-growing areas of the world.
TRUE
## Footnote
This indicates the adaptability of the Dornfelder grape variety beyond its primary growing regions in Germany.
264
**Donzelinho Branco** is a synonym for which Port variety?
Rabigato
## Footnote
Donzelinho Branco is also known as a white Port variety.
265
Name the synonyms for **Donzelinho Tinto**.
* Donzelinho de Castelo
* Donzelinho de Portugal
* Donzelinho do Castello
* Donzelinho Macho
* Donzelino de Castille
* Trousseau
## Footnote
These synonyms refer to the same Port variety.
266
**Donzelinho Roxo** or **Donzelinho Rosa** is classified as what type of variety?
A minor Port variety
## Footnote
These varieties are less prominent in the Port wine category.
267
**Dornfelder** is associated with which type of grape?
See box, below left
## Footnote
This indicates that additional information is provided in a different section.
268
What is the **Drupeggio** grape also known as?
Canaiolo Bianco
## Footnote
It is a minor component of the red and rosé Barco Reale de Carmignano DOC.
269
The **Duras** grape is primarily grown in which AOC?
Gaillac AOC
## Footnote
It is a secondary blending component but is the primary variety in this region.
270
What type of wines does the **Duras** grape produce?
Medium-sized clusters of small grapes with high sugar levels
## Footnote
Its rustic peppery fruit needs support for blending.
271
The **Curella** variety was developed for cultivation in which region?
California
## Footnote
It was created by Professor Olmo of UC-Davis as the sister to Ruby Cabernet.
272
The **Emir** grape originates from which region?
Central Anatolian region of Turkey
## Footnote
It is often blended with the Narince grape.
273
What type of wines does the **Encruzado** grape produce?
Fine fruit and excellent acidity
## Footnote
It is an important Dão variety that is often underrated.
274
The **Erbaluce** variety is best known for producing what type of wines?
Passito wines
## Footnote
It thrives around Caluso in Piedmont, Italy.
275
What is **Esgana Cão** better known as?
Madeira's classic Sercial grape
## Footnote
It produces a lean, dry white wine with high acidity.
276
What does the name **Esgana Cão** mean?
Dog strangler
## Footnote
This name is the official primary name for the Sercial grape.
277
**Etraire** is a synonym for which grape?
Persan
## Footnote
This grape is cultivated in the Savoie region.
278
The **Etraire de la Dui** grape is known for producing what type of wines?
Well-coloured, full-bodied red wines
## Footnote
It thrives in clayey-limestone soils.
279
What is the **Italian variety** known for producing Monti Lessim Durello DOC?
Durella
## Footnote
Durella has good but not exceptional acidity and is used mostly for sparkling wine in the Veneto.
280
What is the **primary name** for the variety better known as Petite Sirah?
Durif
## Footnote
Durif is technically the primary name for this variety.
281
What is the **synonym** for Abouriou?
Early Burgundy
## Footnote
Early Burgundy is another name for the grape variety Abouriou.
282
What is the **synonym** for Gewürztraminer and Savagnin Blanc?
Edeltraube
## Footnote
Edeltraube is used as a synonym for both Gewürztraminer and Savagnin Blanc.
283
What is the **Ehrenfelser** variety a cross of?
Riesling x unknown vinifera
## Footnote
Ehrenfelser has turned out to be a cul-de-sac in British Columbia, Canada.
284
What was the major **Mosel grape** in the 19th century?
Elbling
## Footnote
Elbling is now mostly confined to the Ober-Mosel and is useful for German Sekt.
285
What is the cross that produced **Emerald Riesling**?
Muscadelle du Bordelais x Garnacha
## Footnote
Emerald Riesling is a cross that combines these two grape varieties.
286
What does **Ezerjó** mean in Hungarian?
A thousand good things
## Footnote
Ezerjó is a distinctive Hungarian variety known for its crisp and racy characteristics.
287
What is the **synonym** for Faberrebe?
Faber
## Footnote
Faber is another name for the grape variety Faberrebe.
288
What are the two varieties referred to as **Falanghina**?
* Falanghina Flegrera
* Falanghina Beneventana
## Footnote
Both varieties are widely planted throughout Campania and produce fruity wines.
289
In Portugal, what is **Favorita** the offspring of?
Tamares x Muscat d'Alexandrie
## Footnote
In Italy, Favorita is a synonym for Vermentino.
290
What is the **synonym** for Pinot Blanc?
Fehérburgundi
## Footnote
Fehérburgundi is used as a synonym for the grape variety Pinot Blanc.
291
What is the **synonym** for Chardonnay?
Feinburgunder
## Footnote
Feinburgunder is another name for the grape variety Chardonnay.
292
What is the **synonym** for **Chasselas**?
Fendant
## Footnote
Fendant is a synonym for Chasselas, a grape variety known for its versatility.
293
The **Fer** grape is known for its _______.
hard wood
## Footnote
The Fer grape has very hard wood that is notoriously difficult to prune.
294
Where is the **Fer** grape primarily grown?
southwest France
## Footnote
The Fer is often blended with Tannat, Malbec, or Cabernet grapes.
295
What style of wines does **Fernão Pires** produce?
* fresh
* floral-grapey
* citrus-Muscat type fruit
* good acidity
## Footnote
A mid-coloured sibling called Fernão Pires Rosado exists.
296
Which grape variety is considered the most widely planted of the **Feteasca** family?
Fetească Regălã
## Footnote
It produces gently aromatic, fresh wines, some suited to oak ageing.
297
True or false: **Fetească Negră** is more prolific than **Fetească Alba**.
FALSE
## Footnote
Fetească Negră is less prolific than Fetească Alba and is considered even more underrated.
298
What are the characteristics of **Fiano** wines?
* distinctive floral aroma
* honeyed flavour
## Footnote
Best illustrated by the top wines of Fiano di Avellino DOCG.
299
What is the **synonym** for **Sémilion**?
Flora
## Footnote
Flora is a California Sémilion * Gewürztraminer cross bred by Professor Olmo.
300
What is the **synonym** for **Sylvaner**?
Franken or Frankenriesling
## Footnote
These synonyms are used in different regions for the same grape variety.
301
What type of wines does **Frappato** yield?
* light-bodied
* fruity
* likeable
## Footnote
It can be a varietal or play a balancing role in blends.
302
What is the historical significance of **Freisa**?
favourite of King Victor Emmanuel
## Footnote
Freisa d'Asti has been known for centuries and was enjoyed as dry, still wines.
303
What is the **synonym** for **Colombard**?
French Colombard
## Footnote
This grape variety is known for its use in various wine styles.
304
What is the alternative name for **Friulano**?
Sauvignonasse
## Footnote
It means 'Sauvignon-like' but is not related to Sauvignon Blanc.
305
What is the **characteristic** of **Frühburgunder**?
delicately aromatic
## Footnote
Frühburgunder is a variety of Pinot Noir known for its elegant wines.
306
What is the **synonym** for **Blaufränkisch**?
Frankovka, Frankovka Modrá, Frankova
## Footnote
These synonyms are used in various regions for the same grape variety.
307
What is the **synonym** for **Sauvignon Vert**?
Muscadelle
## Footnote
This synonym is used in different contexts for the same grape variety.
308
What is the **characteristic** of **Fetească Alba**?
under-rated grape
## Footnote
It has the potential to produce distinctive dry white wines.
309
What is the **Campanian variety** known since ancient Roman times called?
Fiano
## Footnote
Fiano wines have a distinctive floral aroma and honeyed flavour, best illustrated by the top wines of Fiano di Avellino DOCG.
310
What is the synonym for **Fiano Rosso**?
Aglianico
## Footnote
There is no black variant of Fiano.
311
What is the cross of **Sémillon x Gewürztraminer** known as?
Flora
## Footnote
This variety tends to produce overly exotic wines but works well in sparkling and sweet wines.
312
True or false: A red-skinned **Flora** is related to the Sémillon x Gewürztraminer cross.
FALSE
## Footnote
A red-skinned Flora is actually a V vinifera x labrusca hybrid bred in 1850.
313
What grape is traditionally used for the distillation of **Armagnac and Cognac**?
Folle Blanche
## Footnote
Folle Blanche can also produce fresh, lively white wines in the Aquitaine, France.
314
Where does the **Fortana** grape originate from?
Emilia-Romagna
## Footnote
This high-yielding grape can be found around Ravenna and Ferrara.
315
What is **Francavilla** a synonym for?
Francavidda
## Footnote
This southern Italian variety can produce a delicate, dry white wine.
316
What is **Friulano** better known as?
Sauvignonasse
## Footnote
Despite its name, it is not related to Sauvignon Blanc.
317
What is a common misconception about **Sauvignonasse** in Chile?
It masqueraded as Sauvignon Blanc until the mid-1990s
## Footnote
The wines produced were often terrible.
318
What is the previous name of **Friulano**?
Tocai Friulano
## Footnote
When grown in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, it produces enjoyable wines.
319
What should you do when you come across **Sauvignonasse**?
Avoid it
## Footnote
However, Friulano has a good chance of being a decent wine.
320
What is **Friularo** a synonym for?
Raboso
## Footnote
This term is used in the context of grape varieties.
321
What are the synonyms for **Fromenteau Blanc**?
* Roussanne
* Savagnin Blanc
## Footnote
These synonyms indicate the grape's versatility.
322
What is **Fromenteau Gris** a synonym for?
Pinot Gris
## Footnote
This highlights the grape's identity in different regions.
323
What is the **synonym** for **Gewürztraminer**?
Fromenteau Rouge
## Footnote
Gewürztraminer is a well-known aromatic white wine grape variety.
324
What is the **synonym** for **Pinot Gris**?
Fromentot
## Footnote
Pinot Gris is a grape variety used to make white wine.
325
What is the **synonym** for **Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains**?
Frontignac
## Footnote
This grape variety is known for its sweet and aromatic wines.
326
What is **Frühburgunder** known for?
* A lighter-bodied mutation of Pinot Noir
* Evolved in Bürgstadt, Franken
* Nearly became extinct in the 1970s
* Best in southern Baden, the Pfalz, and the Ahr
## Footnote
Dedicated growers have restricted yields to produce elegant wines.
327
What is the **parentage** of **Frühroter Veltliner**?
* Silvaner
* Roter Veltliner
## Footnote
This grape has a darker skin than Roter Veltliner and is not a true Veltliner.
328
What is the **synonym** for **Fortana**?
Fruttana
## Footnote
Fortana is a grape variety used in Italian wines.
329
What is **Fumé Blanc** a synonym for?
Sauvignon Blanc
## Footnote
Fumé Blanc is often used to describe oak-aged Sauvignon Blanc.
330
What is **Fumin** known for?
* Produces robust red wines
* Useful blending component
* Adds structure to wines like Torrette
## Footnote
Fumin is a minor variety in the Valle d'Aosta DOC.
331
What is the most important variety used to make **Tokaji** in Hungary?
Furmint
## Footnote
Furmint has potential for both botrytised sweet wine and dry white wines.
332
What is the **parentage** of **Gaglioppo**?
* Sangiovese
* Mantonico di Bianco
## Footnote
Gaglioppo is the most widely planted black grape in Calabria.
333
What is the **full name** of the Moldovan variety known as **Galbena**?
Galbena de Odobesti
## Footnote
This variety is known by 33 different synonyms.
334
What is the **synonym** for **Lacrima**?
Gallioppa or Galloppo
## Footnote
Lacrima is a grape variety used in Italian wines.
335
What is **Gamaret** a cross of?
* Gamay Noir
* Reichensteiner
## Footnote
Gamaret is typically light yet well-structured with spicy red fruits.
336
What is the **synonym** for **Gamay Noir**?
Gamay
## Footnote
Gamay is primarily known for its role in Beaujolais wines.
337
What is **Gamay de Bouze** known for?
The widest-planted Gamay Teinturier
## Footnote
Gamay de Bouze is used in various wine styles.
338
What is the **aroma** characteristic of mass-produced wine from the **Gamay** grape?
**Peardrop**
## Footnote
This aroma is indicative of its carbonic-maceration style of vinification.
339
How should mass-produced **Gamay** wines from Beaujolais be consumed?
**Very young and fresh**
## Footnote
These wines are best enjoyed shortly after production.
340
What can traditionally vinified wines from Beaujolais' **10 classic crus** develop after aging?
**Pinot Noir traits**
## Footnote
This development occurs after 10 or 15 years of aging.
341
In France, what is the synonym for true **Gamay**?
**Gamay Beaujolais**
## Footnote
This term is commonly used to refer to the authentic expression of the Gamay grape.
342
What is the **vinification style** associated with mass-produced Gamay wines?
**Carbonic-maceration**
## Footnote
This style contributes to the unique aroma and flavor profile of the wines.
343
True or false: **Gamay** is considered an ancient, natural clone of **Pinot Noir**.
TRUE
## Footnote
This genetic relationship may explain the similarities in traits between the two grape varieties.
344
Where is the **variety** believed to have originated?
Bouze-les-Beaune in Burgundy
## Footnote
Most of its 310 hectares of plantings are now located in the Loire.
345
What are the two permitted varieties for most of the **Loire VDQS appellations**?
* Garay de Bouze
* Gamay de Chaudenay
## Footnote
These varieties are still allowed in the production of various vins de pays.
346
Wines from **teinturier grapes** are supposed to have _______ than red wines that derive their color from the skins.
less finesse
## Footnote
Domaine de la Charmoise Les Cépages Oubliés from Henri Marionnet is a pure varietal Gamay de Bouze that can be very good.
347
Approximately how many hectares of **Gamay de Chaudenay** are currently grown in France?
250 hectares (615 acres)
## Footnote
For a pure Gamay de Chaudenay, try Clos de la Bruyère Elément Terre from Julien Courtois.
348
What is the synonym for **Gamay Noir**?
Gamay Noir à Just Blanc
## Footnote
This term is used interchangeably with Gamay.
349
What does **Gamay Teinturier** refer to?
Any coloured-juice Gamay
## Footnote
This includes Gamay de Bouze and Gamay de Chaudenay.
350
True or false: **Gamay Teinturier Fréaux** is a distinct variety.
FALSE
## Footnote
It is a teinturier mutation of the white-fleshed Gamay.
351
What is **Garnacha** also known as outside of Spain?
Grenache
## Footnote
This variety is responsible for famous wines in Chateauneuf-du-Pape and is a mainstay in Spain.
352
What is the principal grape used in the production of **Soave**?
Garganega
## Footnote
At its best, Garganega can produce both dry and sweet wines.
353
What is the primary name for **Garnacha**?
Garnacha Noir
## Footnote
This variety is better known as Grenache beyond the boundaries of Spain.
354
What grape variety was elevated from DOC to **DOCG status** in 2010?
Glera
## Footnote
Glera is the grape we have all come to know as Prosecco.
355
What was the original name of the grape now known as **Glera**?
Glera
## Footnote
The name was changed when the sparkling wine of the same name was elevated to DOCG status.
356
Where was the **Prosecco** grape thought to have originated?
The village of Prosecco
## Footnote
This area is now a coastal suburb of Trieste.
357
What is the synonym for **Grenache Blanc**?
Garnacha Blanca
## Footnote
This term is used interchangeably with Grenache Blanc.
358
In which region is **Gewürztraminer** most distinctively produced?
Alsace
## Footnote
In Alsace, Gewürztraminer is never spelled with an umlaut.
359
What characteristic do Gewürztraminer wines have in terms of **acidity**?
Naturally low in acidity
## Footnote
This trait contributes to the wine's overall profile.
360
The famous **spiciness** of Gewürztraminer is derived from what compound?
Terpenes
## Footnote
Terpenes are found in the grape's skins.
361
What happens if Gewürztraminer grapes are not **ripe**?
The wine will have a soft rose-petal character
## Footnote
Ripe grapes are essential for achieving the desired flavor profile.
362
Why must Gewürztraminer wine not be **acid-adjusted**?
To maintain breadth and potential spicy complexity
## Footnote
Acid adjustment can diminish the wine's characteristic spice.
363
What is necessary for classic Gewürztraminer wines to reveal their true **spice-laden aromas**?
Bottle age
## Footnote
Aging allows the wine to develop its complex aromas.
Advanced Sommelier Certification
flashcards
Decks in class (27)
# Cards
-
Soils34
-
Viticultural Management Systems20
-
Vine training92
-
Winery & Vineyard25
-
Annual Life Cicle Of The Vine56
-
Soils II42
-
Grape Varieties363
-
Harvesting & Pressing13
-
Vinification100
-
Red Winemaking14
-
Orange wine11
-
Rosé Winemaking10
-
White Winemaking26
-
Sparkling Winemaking21
-
The Choice Of Oak86
-
Corks & Closures23
-
Storing & Serving Wine49
-
Wine accesories22
-
Wine Glasses29
-
The Taste Of Wine40
-
How To Assess Wine41
-
Tastes And Aromas0
-
Tastes And Aromas130
-
Wine With Food66
-
France: Origin Of Apellations16
-
France: Label Language75
-
France: Bordeaux38
