Grapes

Question 1

Chardonnay is _____ budding.

Answer 1

Early

Question 2

Why do Chardonnay react well to lees ageing?

Answer 2

Its subtle apple and citrus aromas and flavours compliment well with the biscuit and pastry characteristics from yeast autolysis. It also becomes creamy having gone through bottle ageing.

Question 3

Chardonnay is ______ ripening.

Answer 3

Early

Question 4

What does Chardonnay bring to the blend

Answer 4

Apple, citrus and high acidity

Question 5

Chardonnay is susceptible to

Answer 5

1. Spring fosts
2. Coulure
3. Millerandage
4. Powdery mildew
5. Grapevine yellows
6. Botrytis bunch rot

Question 6

How would you describe Chardonnay’s yield?

Answer 6

Can be high without losing quality. Combined with its world fame, Chardonnay is an attractive option for growers.

Question 7

Pinot Noir is an ______ budding and ______ ripening variety.

Answer 7

Early, early

Question 8

Pinot Noir is susceptible to

Answer 8

1. Spring frosts
2. Coulure
3. Botrytis bunch rot
4. Downy mildew, especially
5. Powdery mildew
6. Fan leaf
7. Leaf roll
   Welp essentially all kinds of diseases as its skin is thin and bunch tight

Question 9

What does Pinot Noir bring to the blend

Answer 9

Body and red fruits - strawberry, cranberry and yellow cherry

Question 10

Meunier is an ______ budding and ______ ripening variety.

Answer 10

• Early budding, but later than Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
• Early ripening, couple weeks earlier than Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

Question 11

Meunier likes ______ soil.

Answer 11

Heavier, more clay

Question 12

Hazards for Meunier vineyards

Answer 12

Botrytis especially

Question 13

Taille Chablis

Answer 13

• Found in Champagne
• Spur pruning
• Large proportion of permanent wood to protect against frosts
• 3-4 cordons, max 5
• Each cordon one spur of up to 5 buds
• Best for Chardonnay, which can have high yield without losing quality

Question 14

Cordon du Royat

Answer 14

• Found in Champagne
• Spur pruning
• Single Cordon with VSP
• Widely used for Pinot Noir and Meunier for its good air circulation

Question 15

Guyot

Answer 15

• Found in Champagne, Prosecco (flat land), Asti, Trentodoc, England
• Replacement cane system with VSP
• Allowed in less-rated vineyards in Champagne for all three varieties, single and double Guyot both ok

Question 16

Vallee de la Marne (pruning method)

Answer 16

• Found in Champagne
• Replacement cane system with VSP
• Similar to Guyot but with more buds
• Increasingly less popular

Question 17

Pinot Blanc is ______ budding.

Answer 17

Early budding

Question 18

Macabeo is known as ______ in Rioja

Answer 18

Viura

Question 19

Macabeo is susceptible to…

Answer 19

1. Botrytis bunch rot
2. Bacterial blight (associated with warm moist conditions, reduces yield ad not cure)

Question 20

Macabeo contributes to the blend…

Answer 20

1. Apple and lemon
2. Volume, because it’s high yield

Question 21

Xarel-lo is ____ budding and _____ ripening.

Answer 21

Mid-budding, and there prone to spring frosts
Mid-ripening

Question 22

Macabeo is _____ budding and _______ ripening.

Answer 22

• Late budding, early ripening
• Often picked first

Question 23

Parellada is often planted in _____ altitude sites in ______.

Answer 23

High altitude sites in Penedes

Question 24

Parellada is _____ budding and _____ ripening.

Answer 24

Early budding, therefore prone to spring frost
Late ripening

Question 25

Rank the three indigenous white grapes for Cava by yield

Answer 25

Macabeo > Xarel-lo > Parellada

Question 26

Parellada adds ______ notes to the blend

Answer 26

Finesse and floral notes

Question 27

Parellada is susceptible to...

Answer 27

1. Spring frost because it's early budding 2. Powdery mildew

Question 28

Xarel-lo contributes _____ to the blend.

Answer 28

- Greengage, gooseberry and fennel/herbal notes - Also reacts to yeast autolysis with a smokiness - Earthiness if over-ripe

Question 29

Trepat has ______ flavours and _____ acidity.

Answer 29

Strawberry, high acidity

Question 30

Two major types of pruning for Cava grapes

Answer 30

1. Traditional bush vines 2. Single/double cordon

Question 31

Some typical rootstock seen in the Loire

Answer 31

Fercal & Riparia Gloire de Montepellier, to protect vines from chlorosis

Question 32

Rootstock for Cava production are chosen to....

Answer 32

1. Prevent chlorosis, with high-lime tolerance like Riparia Gloire 2. Control vigour of Macabeo,

Question 33

Gluconic acid value testing

Answer 33

Indicator of botrytis in grapes Important because the presence of botrytis can impeded flocculation and lower wine stability

Question 34

Glera has ______ yelds.

Answer 34

VERY high yield - v vigorous

Question 35

Glera is susceptible to....

Answer 35

1. Millerandage 2. Powdery and downy mildew 3. Drought in summer 4. Grapevine yellowing

Question 36

The _____ buds of Glera do not bear much fruit

Answer 36

First two buds of Glera do not bear much fruit - therefore must be trained long, typically on vertically trellised systems of 8-12 buds

Question 37

Sylvoz

Answer 37

- Used for Prosecco and Asti - High cordon system - Shoots handing downwards - Aim is for high yields - Benefits: inexpensive to establish, minimises winter pruning, suitable for machine harvesting - Requires careful monitoring to avoid excessive shading

Question 38

Double arched cane

Answer 38

- Used for Glera in Prosecco, common for hillside sites of DOCG - Replacement cane pruning, where canes are grained to arches - Can improve even growth and fruitfulness - Reduces fungal diseases by increasing ventilation - Can increase the quality of fruit

Question 39

Ciglione

Answer 39

Grassy bank for Glera planting on hilly sites in Prosecco DOCG

Question 40

Moscato Bianco

Answer 40

Italian name for Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains

Question 41

Muscat is ______budding _____ mid ripening.

Answer 41

Early budding, mid ripening

Question 42

Muscat is a _____ variety with _____ berry size.

Answer 42

Aromatic variety with small berry size

Question 43

Muscat is prone....

Answer 43

- Powdery mildew - Botrytis bunch rot - Insects attacks (bees, wasp, flying ants)

Question 44

Most fragrant Muscat is grown on _____ soil.

Answer 44

Limestone soils, but now widely grown even on clay soils

Question 45

Three varieties of Lambrusco used for sparkling reds

Answer 45

1. Lambrusco Salamino - most common 2. Lambrusco Grasparossa - mainly on hillsides 3. Lambrusco di Sorbara - has its own DOC

Question 46

Lambrusco Salamino

Answer 46

- Most widely planted - Adds fragrance, colour, body and acidity - Mostly blended - Has its own DOC - Lambrusco Salamino di Santo Croce

Question 47

Lambrusco Grasparossa

Answer 47

- Most grown on hillside - Does best clay and silt - Adds colour, body and tannins - Has its own DOC - Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro

Question 48

Lambrusco di Sorbara

Answer 48

- Often makes pale, lighter body wine with high acidity - Has its own DOC - Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC

Question 49

Two main vine training systems used in Trentodoc

Answer 49

1. Guyot on sloping vineyards 2. Pergola system on steeper, terraced vineyards

Question 50

Riesling develops a _____ note when it undergoes lengthy yeast autolysis.

Answer 50

Smoky note

Question 51

Clay soil is good for sparkling wine grapes because

Answer 51

- Gives lower acidity and more pronounced fruit - Gives more finesse - Leaner body

Question 52

Pedro Gimenez

Answer 52

- Used for sparkling production in Argentina - In the Criolla group - Originally brought over by the Spanish Portuguese soldiers & explorers - Not related to the Spanish Pedro Ximenez