f(x) - d
vertical translation downwards
f(x) + d
Vertical translation upwards
f(x + d)
horizontal translation left
f(x - d)
horizontal translation right
-f(d)
reflection over x axis
f(-d)
reflection over y axis
df(x)
multiply all y-coords by a factor of “d”
(y axis stretch or compress)
f(dx)
multiply all factors by a factor of “1/d”
(x axis squash)