graph transformations

Question 1

f(x+a)

Answer 1

horizontal translation of -a (a to the left)

Question 2

f(x)+a

Answer 2

vertical translation of +a (a upwards)

Question 3

f(ax)

Answer 3

horizontal stretch of scale factor 1/a (multiply x value by 1/a)

Question 4

af(x)

Answer 4

vertical stretch by scale factor a (multiply y by a)