1
Q
Membership of a group is usually formed by what 2 ways?
A
- By chance = born into the a group (royalty)
2. Circumstance = a result of life-cycle events that a person may or may not have control over
2
Q
Advantages of Groups
A
- Group members learn from each other by sharing experiences
- More than one group member can participate at a time
- Ideal for most settings
- Groups can also vary in purpose
3
Q
How can groups vary in purpose?
A
Groups can be of a social purpose, such as a ballgame or a concert. They could also range all the way to an intensive psychotherapy group
4
Q
Open Group
A
- Permits termination of members at different points and their substitution by new members
- Typical on inpatient units
- Example: stress management group that is part of an ongoing program in an inpatient group
5
Q
Closed Group
A
- Members begin and end the group at the same time
- No new members can join or be admitted
- Meet weekly for a specified period
- Example: outpatient smoking cessation therapy, psychotherapy, psychoeducation groups
6
Q
Very Small Groups
A
Dyads (two people) and Triads (three people)
- Can provide a richer personal experience
7
Q
Small Groups
A
Usually no more than 7 members
8
Q
Advantages of Small Groups
A
- Great for complex emotional problems
- Group becomes more cohesive
- There is less likelihood of subgroup formation
- Can provide a more intimate experience than larger groups
9
Q
Disadvantages of Small Groups
A
Cannot easily withstand the loss of a group member
10
Q
Large Groups
A
- More than 8-10 members
- Often seen in the workplace
- Effective for specific problems or issues
- Can be ongoing and open ended
11
Q
Advantages of Larger Groups
A
- Provide more learning opportunities to learn from others in the group
- Can provide diverse life experiences, which provide an increase in problem solving
12
Q
Disadvantages of Larger Groups
A
- Can form subgroups (can make it difficult to develop cohesiveness in the group)
- Less time to offer each member (if there are more members there is less time the group members have to speak and less time to problem solve)
13
Q
How should chairs be arranged in group therapy?
A
Chairs should be arranged in a circle with no table. There should be no assigned seats.
14
Q
Autocratic Leadership: Focus
A
Focus is on the leader, not the members
15
Q
Autocratic Leadership: Task Strategy
A
Members are persuaded to adopt leader’s ideas
16
Q
Autocratic Leadership: Member Participation
A
Limited
17
Q
Autocratic Leadership: Individual Creativity
A
Stifled
18
Q
Autocratic Leadership: Member Enthusiasm and Morale
A
Low
19
Q
Autocratic Leadership: Group Cohesiveness
A
Low
20
Q
Autocratic Leadership: Productivity
A
High
21
Q
Autocratic Leadership: Individual Motivation
A
Low; tend to work only when leader is present to urge them to do so
22
Q
When is it good to have a group where there is a autocratic leader?
A
For new groups
23
Q
Democratic Leadership: Focus
A
Members
24
Q
Democratic Leadership: Task Strategy
A
Members engage in group problem solving
25
Democratic Leadership: Members Participation
Unlimited
26
Democratic Leadership: Individual Creativity
Encouraged
27
Democratic Leadership: Member Enthusiasm and Morale
High
28
Democratic Leadership: Group Cohesiveness
High
29
Democratic Leadership: Productivity
High (but not as high as autocratic)
30
Democratic Leadership: Individual Motivation
High
31
Co-Leadership
When 2 people share responsibility for leading the group, is useful in most groups as long as co-leaders attend all sessions and maintain open communication. Co-leadership works well when the co-leaders plan together and meet before and after each session to discuss the group process
32
Laissez-Fare Leadership: Focus
Undetermined
33
Laissez-Fare Leadership: Task Strategy
Not defined
34
Laissez-Fare Leadership: Members Participation
Inconsistent
35
Laissez-Fare Leadership: Individual Creativity
Not addressed
36
Laissez-Fare Leadership: Member Enthusiasm and Morale
Low
37
Laissez-Fare Leadership: Group Cohesiveness
Low
38
Laissez-Fare Leadership: Productivity
Low
39
Laissez-Fare Leadership: Individual Motivation
Low (due to feelings from lack of direction)
40
Special Functions of a Group
1. Socialization
2. Support
3. Task Completion
4. Camaraderie
5. Informational
6. Normative
7. Empowerment
8. Governance
41
Special Functions of a Group: Socialization
Teaches social norms
42
Special Functions of a Group: Support
Available in a time of need
43
Special Functions of a Group: Task Completion
Provide assistance in tasks which are beyond the control of one person
44
Special Functions of a Group: Camaraderie
Provides joy and pleasure that one may seek from interaction with others
45
Special Functions of a Group: Informational
Learning opportunities are provided in the group
46
Special Functions of a Group: Normative
Refers to a way that members enforce established norms within the group
47
Special Functions of a Group: Empowerment
Provides support to other members who seek to bring about change
48
Special Functions of a Group: Governance
Formation of committees that report to a larger group of members within the group
49
Stages of Groups Development
1. Forming
2. Storming
3. Norming
4. Performing
5. Adjourning (mourning)
50
Forming Stage of Group Development
- Task/purpose of group is defined
- Connect with others, desires acceptance, avoiding conflict defines these early groups
- Members gather commonalities and differences as they attempt to know one another
- Leader is main connection and necessary for direction
51
Storming Stage of Group Development
- Important issues are addressed
- Conflict arises
- Personal relations may interfere with task at hand
- Domination may occur with some members while others remain silent
- Rules and structure are helpful
- Members may challenge the role of the leader
52
Norming Stage of Group Development
- Members know one another and rules of engagement are evident
- Sense of group identity and cohesion
- Members resist change: could lead to a group breakup or return to the previous stage or storming
- Leadership is shared
53
Performing Stage of Group Development
- Characterized by: loyalty, flexibility, interdependence, and productivity
- Balance between focus on work and focus on the welfare of group members
54
Adjourning/Mourning Stage of Group Development
- Ready to disband, tasks are terminated, disengagement of relationships
- Accomplishments are recognized
- Members are pleased to have been part of a group
- Sense of loss is an inevitable consequence
55
The 2 official/formal group roles
1. Leader
| 2. Member
56
Task Roles
Individuals who are concerned about the purpose of the group and "keeping things on task"
57
Examples of Task Roles
- Information seeker who seeks clarification
| - Recorder keeps the minutes
58
Maintenance Roles
Assumed by those who keep the group together. These members make sure that the group gets along with each other and maintains the peace if conflict erupts. Maintenance role members are interested in maintaining the cohesiveness of the group
59
Examples of Maintenance Roles
- Harmonizer: mediates differences among members and relieves tension in conflict situations
- Compromiser: operates from within a conflict and may yield status or admit error to maintain group harmony
60
Individual/Personal Roles of a Group
1. Aggressor
2. Blocker
3. Dominator
4. Help-Seeker
5. Monopolizer
6. Playboy
7. Seducer
8. Mute or Silent Member
9. Recognition Seeker
61
Aggressor
Expresses negativism and hostility toward other members; may use sarcasm in effort too degrade the status of others
62
Blocker
Resists group efforts; demonstrates rigid and sometimes irrational behaviors that impede group progress
63
Dominator
Manipulates others to gain control; behaves in an authoritarian manner
64
Help-Seeker
Uses group to gain sympathy from others; seeks to increase self-confidence from group feedback; lacks concern for others or for the group as a whole
65
Monopolizer
Maintains control of the group by dominating the conversation
66
Playboy
Distracts others from the task; jokes, introduces irrelevant topics
67
Seducer
Shares intimate details about self with group; may frighten others in the group and inhibit group progress with excessive premature self-disclosure
68
Mute or Silent Member
Does not participate verbally; remains silent for a number of reasons - may feel uncomfortable with self disclosure or may be seeking attention through silence
69
Recognition Seeker
Talks about personal accomplishments to gain attention to self
70
Psychoeducation Groups
- Purpose: to enhance knowledge, improve skills, and solve problems
- Focus: enhance education
- The group leader develops a lesson plan for each session
- Time limited and usually lasts only a few session
71
Task Groups
- Purpose: to accomplish a specific outcome
- Focus: problem solving and decision making
- Typically time limited and have a common goal
- Purpose of the leader is to facilitate team building and cooperation
72
Self-Help Groups
- Purpose: allows patients to verbalize fears
- Focus: provides a relief of isolation while receiving comfort in like-situations
- Brings people together with common concerns
- May be facilitated by professional group therapists who have diverse styles
73
Example of Self-Help Groups
1. Alcoholics Anonymous
2. Overeaters Anonymous
3. MADD
74
Benefits of Groups Therapy (11)
1. The instillation of hope
2. Universality
3. The imparting of information
4. Altruism
5. The corrective recapitulation of the primary family group
6. The development of socializing techniques
7. Imitative behavior
8. Interpersonal learning
9. Groups cohesiveness
10. Catharsis
11. Existential factors
75
Benefits of Groups Therapy: The Instillation of Hope
Observation of others with similar problems provides hope that problems can be solved
76
Benefits of Groups Therapy: Universality
Awareness of not being alone in the problems, feelings and anxiety that they are feeling
77
Benefits of Groups Therapy: The Imparting of Information
Knowledge is gained through formal instruction and the sharing of advice and suggestions from others in group
78
Benefits of Groups Therapy: Altruism
Assimilated by group members through sharing concern for each other - which promotes a positive self-image and self-growth
79
Benefits of Groups Therapy: The Corrective Recapitulation of the Primary Family Group
Experience early family conflicts that remain unresolved. Attempts at resolution are promoted through feedback and exploration
80
Benefits of Groups Therapy: The Development of Socializing Techniques
Correcting maladaptive social behaviors through interaction and feedback
81
Benefits of Groups Therapy: Imitative Behavior
Where individuals imitate positive psychosocial behaviors that they wish to develop for themselves
82
Benefits of Groups Therapy: Interpersonal Learning
The group offers many and varied opportunities for interaction with other people to gain insight regarding how one perceives and is being perceived by others
83
Benefits of Groups Therapy: Group Cohesiveness
A sense of belonging that separates the individual from the group. Develops a common feeling that both group and individual are a value to each other
84
Benefits of Groups Therapy: Catharsis
An open expression of feelings - both positive and negative
85
Benefits of Groups Therapy: Existential Factors
Group is able to help individual members take direction of their own loves and to accept responsibility for the quality of their experience
86
Therapeutic Milieu
- Includes all patients and treatment team
| - Is meant to be a safe place to try out new behaviors, such as ADLs
Sophomore 2 Test 1
flashcards
Decks in class (6)
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