Group Cohesion

Question 1

THOUGHTS ON TEAMS

Answer 1

• Team Effectiveness: strategic leadership task, develop effectiveness, team design (e.g. how many members?)
• Stages of Team Development
• Team Member Competency: relevant for team building

Question 2

WHAT IS GROUP COHESION?

Answer 2

• Integrity
• Solidarity
• Unity

Question 3

GROUP COHESION COMPONENTS

Answer 3

1. Social: attraction to one another and to the group as a whole - I have many friends in this group!
2. Task: Commitment to work together as a coordinated unit in the pursuing of the groups goal - We work great together, I do my best
3. Collective: consensual identification with the group based on shared identity, identify with group - We are one family
4. Emotional: emotional intensity for the group and it’s individuals - This group has team spirit
5. Structural: integrity is based on structural features (norms, roles) group fits together - All members feel accepted

Question 4

MOTIVATION: EXPECTANCY THEORY BY VROOM

Answer 4

Motivational force = expectancy x instrumentality x valence

• Motivational force: extent to which a person is likely to engage in a certain course of action
• Expectancy: belief that an increase in effort will result in an increase in performance
• Instrumentality: belief that increased performance will lead to certain outcomes
• Valence: extent to which the outcome is desirable

Question 5

KEYS TO MOTIVATION

Answer 5

• Realize a vision, need to ensure people are constantly aligned
• Keep people energized and moving on the same path
• Leaders do not achieve their goals by force or pushing people
• Instead appealing to people’s inner drives, needs and desires (intrinsic motivation)

Question 6

STRATEGIES FOR MOTIVATION

Answer 6

1. External factors to motivate:
   company policies and benefits, working conditions, ability to remove obstacles, monetary motivational factors, status, job security
   -> critics: only a short-term effect - e.g. just motivated until they get better job offer (higher salary), only external factors are not enough
2. Internal factors to motivate:
   related to job content, nature of work itself, speaking with the
   heart of the employees and inspire/motivate them - e.g. opportunity to increase their rank, give them more responsibility, true praising for great work, sense of ownership -> critics: internal and external factors are complementary

Question 7

TEAM MOTIVATION - THE MANAGERIAL ROLES

Answer 7

• Roles can be used to build a well rounded and motivated managerial team
• Every position needs to be filled
• Who fits best into which role
• e.g. primary goal of producer is responsible to finish the products, partial goals of the organization, hard and fast workers

Question 8

JOHN ADAIRS ACTION-CENTERED LEADERSHIP MODEL

Answer 8

Three core demands of modern leadership
• Achieving the task
-> e.g. identify resources, people who are fitting, tools, Create a strategy plan,…

• Managing the team or group
-> establish team spirit, team culture,
Share information, focus on objectives,…

• Managing individuals
-> understand team members as individuals, personal aims/skills, understand their fears, support individuals, …